Payavard Salamat
Year:2016 | Volume:10 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:9

Background and Aim: Breast cancer is epidemiological and most important cause of death in women. Oxidative stress plays an important role in this disease. Antioxidants such as some vitamins has attracted the attention of scientists to deal with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin supplements in reducing oxidative stress in breast cancer.Materials and Methods: 38 BALB-C mice were used. They were created in the breast cancer by cell implantation procedure. Rats were divided into 4 groups: 4 mice were given vitamin supplements for 1 month, 4 mice vitamin A, 4 mice, vitamin D, and 4 mice were given vitamin E respectively. After a month mice had breast cancer. In the second group mice without vitamin supplements, were affected. In the third group, mice with vitamin supplements were not affected. In the blood serum of rats, the catalase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity was measured by ELISA.Results: Catalase activity in mice that received vitamin supplements was significantly increased and were diagnosed (P=0.049). But the increase was not significant with vitamin D supplement (P=0.287). Superoxide dismutase in mice that received vitamin supplements and were free of disease increased significantly (P=0.0249). But the increase was not statistically significant with vitamin D supplement (P=0.24).The total antioxidant capacity in mice that received vitamin supplements and were affected with breast cancer was significantly increased (P<0.0001). This increase was not significant with vitamin D (P=0.006).Conclusion: The use of vitamin supplements with catalase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated and may increase the level of antioxidant markers.

Background and Aim: Organizational productivity and efficiency depends on staff members’ job satisfaction and performance. Without the participation of staff members, hospitals cannot play an important role in promoting the society’s health. This study aimed to determine staff’s job satisfaction in a teaching hospital of Tehran university of Medical Sciences (TUMS).Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical cross-sectional research was conducted on 172 staff members of a teaching hospital, who had been selected through random sampling. The data-collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the clinical governance department members and Cronbach’s alpha reliability estimate turned out to be 0.88.Results: Para-clinical and service employees getting the mean scores of 72.55 and 70.71 demonstrated desired job satisfaction; nursing and administrative-financial staff members, however, showed a relatively desired job satisfaction with mean scores of 60.04 and 53.52, respectively; and the difference between job groups was significant (p=0.02) regarding job satisfaction. The highest job satisfaction figure was related to job success and the lowest pertained to the nature of the job. There was a meaningful relationship between job satisfaction on the one hand and staff members’ gender, marital status, and type of employment on the other. Conclusion: Staff’s job satisfaction in the studied hospital has increased due to the establishment of Iran’s Healthcare Reform Plan at the beginning of 2014. However, compared with other job groups, nurses are less satisfied; therefore, it is necessary to improve nursing job satisfaction through timely payments based on job performance and difficulty level.

Background and Aim: Evaluating and improving the employees’ quality of work life is one of the most important responsibilities of managers in each organization. The aim of this study was to design and prepare a questionnaire for evaluating the residents’ quality of work life and checking the validity and reliability of this tool.Materials and Methods: We collected the questionnaires which were used for the employees’ quality of work life, and designed by Delphi method a comprehensive questionnaire for measuring residents’ quality of work life. This questionnaire was distributed two times with one-week interval between 14 residents of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and then the validity and reliability was assessed by α cronbach model. We used the 5 experts in the field of health care management, medical education and health economics to determine the validity of quality of working life questionnaire. The classification of cronbach's a for intra-rater reliability was: very good (0.9-1), good (0.8- 0.89), average (0.7-0.79), bad (0.6-0.69) and very bad (under 0.59).Results: The results of α cronbach test for questions reliability and the result a cronbach test for internal consistency of each class of question indicated the rather high reliability and validity of these questions.Conclusion: Regarding to the results of α cronbach test, we can deduce that our designed questionnaire encompass have satisfied validity and reliability and it can be used for future studies.

Background and Aim: Population aging in most of developed countries should be subjective to more attention, regarding health issues of aging group. Different organizations and institutions have launched several programs related to elderly center. This paper is aimed to compare performance of different programs of active organizations in the field of elderly care in Iran.Materials and Methods: This overview of research, used library resources and online databases Proquest, Pub med, Science Direct, Ovid and Scientific Information databases using keywords that Aged care services, relevant organizations, and Iran.Results: There are various classifications of geriatric services. However, these services can be divided into three groups including infrastructure, social services, and health care and preventive services according to concept, level and type of services.Conclusion: In Iran, agencies and institutions relevant to elderly, take measures to support elderly people given their current tasks and allocated budget. But, these measures do not seem adequate, because solving aging problem, as a problem with evident influences which its impacts will be intensified in future, requires responsibility and cooperation of more agencies and public institutions.

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was structural monitoring of the articles in knowledge and information science field in five Iranian journals. Today, the publication of papers constitutes one of the written scope among scientific broad cost productions.Materials and Methods: The research method was analytical-survey. The articles were analyzed by the variables such as author distribution by sex, field of study, scientific notation, types of articles by original papers or translated papers, individual or group articles and their publication dates, and by statistical methods used in the articles in two periods from 2002-2006 and 2007-2011.Results: The results showed that most of the articles were written as original. International cooperation between authors was minimal. Using qualitative research methods among the articles were low. Majority of the authors had masters degree. There was a significant relationship between the authors’ grades, number of authors and journals, and used statistical methods.Conclusion: The written articles in the field of knowledge and information, followed by special patterns. The journals policies in publication of articles process is the most important issue. Also, lack of international cooperation between Iranian with foreign authors, type and format of the articles were similar according to mentioned variations.

Background and Aim: Inclusive implementation of Electronic Medical Records (EMR) is more serious because of physicians’ perception. This study was carried out to identify the effects of organizational contextual factors on physicians’ perception regarding EMR’s adoption in 2013 (The merger of Tehran University and Iran).Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, analytical and cross- sectional study in which a sample of 270 physicians working in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences was selected. Physicians’ perception toward adoption of EMR has been assessed by Technology Acceptance Model or TAM questionnaire and organizational context variables. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS. The study model was tested by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and represented by AMOS.Results: The findings showed that perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), management support, physicians’ involvement, physicians’ autonomy, and physician- patient relationship have direct and significant effect on physicians’ attitudes toward EMR adoption. However, training has no significant effect on TAM variables. Moreover, the results showed authorizing proposed conceptual path model explained about 56 percent of the variance of EMR adoption. Conclusion: The present study revealed that organizational context factors had significant effect on physicians’ attitude toward EMRs’ adoption. The study clearly identified six relevant factors that affected physicians’ perception regarding EMR adoption. These factors should be considered when comprehensive implementation is pursued.

Background and Aim: Employees’ silence is common in organizations, and is mostly neglected. Employees are indifferent towards their supervisors, work quality and organization. Organizational justice is a factor that can diminish employees' silence. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between organizational justice and headquarters employees' silence in Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KMU).Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlational and crosssectional research. The population included all 400 employees at KMU headquarters, among whom 147 members were selected as the sample using Cochran’s formula. In this study, two questionnaires were used: organizational justice questionnaire with a reliability of 0.91 and employees’ silence questionnaire with a reliability of 0.92. For data analysis, Pearson and Spearman correlation, regression testing, by SPSS software were used.Results: The findings showed that there was an inverse relationship between organizational, distributive, procedural, and interactional justice with employees' silence in Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The regression findings showed that the variable “distributive justice” had the strongest negative effect on employees' silence.Conclusion: Encouraging employees to provide positive ideas, identify the existing problems, and reduce undesirable behavior like employees' silence can make employees operate more efficiently. Organizational justice is based on fair treatment, and it determines the employees’ reaction to organizational decisions. Therefore, it can partly remove problems and lead to the decline of employees' silence.

Background and Aim: Cancer disease is one of the main problems of Iranian health system. It is after Cardiovascular diseases and accidents, the third leading cause of death in Iran. In many countries, differences in socio-economic status have been linked with the incidence of disease, death and in general, health inequalities. The aim of this study is to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with the incidence of leukemia in Iran.Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was done with panel data modeling, including information related to 30 provinces of Iran from 2004 to 2009. Socioeconomic data were collected from provincial statistical yearbooks and data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leukemia cancer per 100,000 populations were obtained from published reports by Iran Cancer Registry.Results: The results showed that the leukemia incidence in men and in women during the period under review has been upward. The highest and lowest incidence of leukemia was in Yazd and Sistan provinces, respectively. Direct relationship between unemployment rate, urbanization ratio, and human development index with cancer incidence rate was evident in this study.Conclusion: The increase of leukemia cancer in Iran has been confirmed by the current study. Leukemia cancer was significantly higher among provinces with higher socioeconomic status. This should be considered for planning support.