INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES IN THE HUMANITIES (IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CULTURAL RESEARCH)
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:6

Development of interdisciplinary sciences is a multidimensional issue, thus paying attention to the mechanism, capacities and obstacles for realization of developing these sciences is a complicated task to be done. Generalizing this matter is not possible and mentioning some topics is the only thing to do as it is not common among all sciences whatever is proposed in this scope. And even the possessed in common increases in a specific area, there happen the differences case by case. These complexities deepen widely while the interdisciplinary sciences are the result of two or more different areas ‘likeness. In this study it has been tried to investigate this matter in humanities. The term interdisciplinary is often used with prudence and is usually substituted by the terms "multidisciplinary integration "and "interdisciplinary integration" which in this study we try to use it prudently. It has been some decades that orientation course is dominated in worldwide campuses which focuses on proficiency and benefits and these are just the specialists or experts of a specific course who are allowed to study and theorize it. Because of complex societies and diversity of the issues, this method’s inefficiency has been revealed more in these recent years; and it is considered as the most important basis of interdisciplinary prevalence. Of course perception and better and more perfect recognition of phenomena are also a good motive for propagation of these studies. By the term interdisciplinary studies, the process of different scientific courses’ involving in replying a question, solving a problem or laying an issue is meant which is not possible to be studied by a certain major since it is so complicated. In efficient interdisciplinary studies each scientific major is used as a reliable source of information in scale. It is indeed a matrix-approach in different sciences’ utilization system, so these studies not only reach to new sciences by combination of information but also will provide a perfect perception of similarities and differences among majors. The difference in assumptions, points of views, procedures, language and technical terms of each major and cognitive obstacle in humans are the problems which limit the usage of these sciences. Here in this study the indication of importance and necessity of researchers' extension in humanities and universities go first, then the concept of interdisciplinary researches and its conditions to be done is described (implementations’ obstacles of these studies and the ways to overcome them are proposed).

In most of the major development strategies and plans, a special emphasis on the production of knowledge and turn it into goods and services used by the community, though in some fields of knowledge, such as basic sciences, qualitative and quantitative growth of the documents have been good, but the relationship between science and practice in the Humanities is one of the major issues, which in recent decades, many disputes and debates to look for. In this regard, this study tries to investigate factors related to using research findings in Humanities and social sciences in organizations and provide appropriate solutions. Research methods used in this research, the survey on which the impact of the four indices of potential acceptor, properties of organization; properties of research and communication characteristics, as "predictor" variables on the application of the results of research, as the "criterion variable" examined.In summary the results of the research indicate that four variables hsve determinant and significant effects on lack of using research finding. However, between these factors, the most important characteristics of the potential acceptor by 83.6 percent has the greatest impact.

The thinking skills training, especially critical thinking ones, has received due consideration since the intent times. The multi-domain nature of the issues related to the human society has increased the significance of the critical thinking training (C. T. T.) as the basis for interdisciplinary courses. This paper addresses such training through interdisciplinary approaches focusing on the following issues: How to think about the logical principles underlying each topic, training the key principles of thought, thought and its significance in changing an individual into a critical thinker, thinking training within a specific domain, how to realize the underlying logics and thought in a text, significance of asking questions in C.T.T., and considering the issues through various conflicting views. Based on the critical approaches, and acquired model was introduced to C. T. T.

Edgar Morin believes that the contemporary education systems get in crisis, which due to a simplified and separate approach to science and breaking it down to separate disciplines and putting overemphasis on specialization and super specialization. He suggests a transdisciplinary approach to challenge this crisis. The goal of this paper is explaining the philosophical foundations of Morin's idea. Therefore, by using the analytical method, this article is going to discuss Morin’s explicit emphasis on the necessity of reforming thought and explain his contrivance named "transdisciplinary approach". From Morin's point of view, the transdisciplinary approach not only respects separation and detection of different disciplines, but also breaks down the boundaries between different disciplines and offers a unified, unique and integrated knowledge. As a conclusion, the transdisciplinary approach is a problem-center education and research that noting the wide range of knowledge can avoid the mono- dimensional education and alienation of disciplines.It seems that this approach prevents neglecting the problems of society and has the potential to evolve the educational systems.

The subject of this paper is reconstruction of public choice theory. The public choice theory, as the theoretical basis of modern political economy, has been criticized from different perspectives. This paper aims to find a way to redress the methodological defects of this theory by putting the public choice theory in a structural background. In this paper, we have tried to introduce a combined theoretical system which is the result of the rational reconstruction of the public choice theory in Jessop’s strategic-relational theory from the critical realistic approach.

The Present article aims at studying three discursive waves of the western Modernity exploring the declining process of political theorization. In this regard, the article will point to the discursive wave of rationality, the Rationality which had claimed to shed the light over the whole of human life. Upon the arrival of the Marxist discourse in the second wave of Modernity, a thinking capacity emerged dominant while attempting to marginalize the discourse of rationality. Truly, the discourse of the second wave was value- oriented which in its turn helped the level of liberal theorizations become upgraded.Although the two discourses opposed one another, they were methodologically rooted in the positivist tradition.As far as the methodological tradition of the two mentioned discourses concerned postmodern thinking emerged up to criticize positivist tradition.Considering the third wave of Modernity from the lense of Derridean philosophy the metaphysics of the presence is to be deconstructed and at the same time to be faced with the impossibility of the ethical action. Combining philosophy, linguistics and psychology, Derrida has opened up a horizon for the development of discourse analysis. These human findings are outstanding from two angles. First, these philosophical investigations should be seen as a complete periodisation of western philosophy and second they should be considered as a waning process of western philosophy- surfaced in the theorization of the thinkers of the third wave.In sum, investigating the waning process of western philosophy could open up the routes to native Islamic philosophy. This can be followed in the lense of crisis disturbed the ethical arena of the western civilization.