JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Prevalence of psychological disorders in patients with skin disorders was confirmed in various researches. Alopecia areata is a kind of chronic loss of hair. The purpose of this study was to consider the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management therapy on the anxiety and depression of female patients with alopecia areata.Method: This research was an experimental study including pre-test, post-test and control group which has been carried out in Isfahan Skin Disease and Leishmaniasis Research Centre. The sample consisted of 24 alopecia areata patients diagnosed by specialists. The questionnaire was consisted of the anxiety and depression subscales of SCL-90-R which were completed by subjects before and after intervention. Cognitive-behavioral stress management therapy was carried out on the experimental group in 8 sessions over a period of two months. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis.Results: The results of this research showed that the means of anxiety and depression in experimental group has reduced significantly in comparison with the control group.Conclusion: According to the research findings, cognitive-behavioral stress management therapy is effective in decreasing anxiety and depression in patients with alopecia areata.

Introduction: Individuals with social phobia suffer from both cognitive distortions and social avoidance and perform poorly in using the appropriate social skills. Thus, the present study aims at studying the combined effect of the Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy and Social Skills Training [CBGT+SST] on Social Avoidance [SAD] and Fear of Negative Evaluation [FNE] in students.Method: This study is an Experimental type [Pre-test and Post-test, with Control group and random assignment].The clients were subjected to structured clinical interviews according to DSM-IV and social anxiety inventory. They were assigned randomly into Experimental groups [intervention of combining Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy And Social Skills Training] and the Control group [Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy] by using convenient sampling method [13 persons in each group]. After a 12-session treatment [three months, each session being 2 hours], the social anxiety inventory was repeated as a post-test in both groups.Results: The results of the statistical analysis of t test shows that, a combination of the cognitive behavioral group therapy and social skills training in comparison to merely cognitive-behavioral group therapy would significantly reduce Social Avoidance and Fear of Negative Evaluation in students.Conclusion: It is recommended that social skills training be added to common treatments of social phobia.

Introduction: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of verbal self – instruction on social adjustment in children with conduct disorder.Method: In this experimental research, 20 students (Fourth & Fifth grades) with conduct disorder were selected from Tabriz Schools and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Subjects selected according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and CSI-4. The experimental group instructed through verbal self instruction training for 10 sessions and the control group received no intervention. Results: The findings indicate that the application of verbal self-instruction had significant effects on social adjustment and interpersonal relations in students with conduct disorder.Conclusion: This program can be helpful to improve social adjustment and interpersonal relations in students with conduct disorder.

Introduction: Response inhibition and interference control are two main explanatory concepts in ADHD.  The purpose of this study was comparing the response inhibition and interference control in children with and without ADHD and its subtypes.Method: 45 children with ADHD and 15 normal children aged 7 to 12 years were selected none randomly from Mashhad. SNAP, CBCL, RF, CSI-4 and clinical interview for diagnosing ADHD and put them into ADHD-I, ADHD-H, ADHD-C subtypes was applied. The color–word Stroop test was performed for assessing the inhibition and interference control. The data was analyzed by MANOVA, ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests.Results: The results indicate that in comparison with normal children the performance of ADHD children in reaction time component was significantly different both in congruent and incongruent stimuli. Furthermore the findings on the interference control indicate non significant difference between two groups. Also, there was a non significant difference between subtypes of ADHD on Stroop test components.Conclusion: In comparison to normal children, the performance in Stroop test was weaker in ADHD children.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to appraise the Affective-Behavioral Disorders and Academic Performance in fatherless and normal 7-11year old children in Tehran.Method: The method of this study is Ex Post Facto with statistical community of all boys and girls students in Tehran elementary schools. A number of 240 students were randomly selected as the subjects of the study and divided in two groups consists of 120 fatherless and 120 normal children (60 girls and 60 boys in each group). In the next phase, Child Behavioral Check List (CBCL) completed by the mothers of both groups (N=240). The Average end of the students considered as Children Academic Performance. Finally, obtained data by descriptive statistics and t-test of independent samples were analyzed.Results: The results indicate a significant difference in favor of fatherless students in total score of Affective-Behavioral Disorders, externalized disorders, and internalized disorders. The fatherless students also significantly differed in subscales of affective, anxiety/depression, somatic, and oppositional defiant problems but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in subscales of attention deficit hyperactivity and conduct problems. Furthermore, academic performance of fatherless students was lower than normal students. Gender comparison in the fatherless group showed a significant difference in subscales of anxiety/depression problems in favor of girls and oppositional defiant problems in favor of boys but no significant difference was observed between the two groups in other subscales.Conclusion: The results indicate that fatherless children are susceptible to various kinds of affective-Behavioral Disorders such as anxiety, Depression, Physical symptoms, and oppositional defiant problems and weakness in academic performance.

Introduction: Depression is very common amongst post-Myocardial Infarction patients and has been associated with adverse clinical events in these Patients. The purpose of this study is to consider the relationship between personal control in baseline and onset of post-MI depression.Method: 176 patients between 32 to 84 years old whom followed MI admitted to CCU wards in Isfahan were selected based on the inclusive and exclusive criteria. Baseline data collection was administrated by Demographic and Medical Questionnaire, Personal Control scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Echocardiography. Three months after discharge, the Beck Depression Inventory for Primary Care (BDI­PC) was completed by the subjects. Covariance model was used to analyze the data.Results: The findings indicate that 45% suffered from post-MI depression. The results of Covariance analysis show significant difference between two groups of patients with and without post-MI depression in Personal Control Scale (F=6.16, P<0.05).Conclusion: Generally, the findings indicate the relationship between patients’ beliefs about controlling of disease after MI and onset of post MI depression. Thus, this finding can be considered in rehabilitation in order to prevention of post-MI depression.

Introduction: The main purpose of this research is to examine the possible relationship between codependency and mental health among wives of opioid drug abusers under TC intervention.Method: Participants (n=30 addicts’ wives under TC) were selected using available sampling method. All participants were filled GHQ-28 and dependency questionnaires.Results: A Significant positive correlation was found between codependency and mental health. Anxiety alone (R2=0.31) and anxiety and social performance together (R2=0.46) were predicted variations of codependency by wives of drug abusers.Conclusion: Codependency is associated with increased symptoms of abnormality for wives of drug abusers. Anxiety and social performance disorder are the important predictors for codependency.