Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology
Year:2013 | Volume:18 | Issue:4 (71)|Papers Count:10

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of articles about suicidal methods in countries of Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMRO) of World Health Organization (WHO).Method: We used databases and hand searching .Several databases were searched, including Pub-Med/Medline, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, OVID, EMRmedex and IMEMR as well as reference lists of the accessed articles. We searched “suicide”, Mesh words” of suicide and country names of EMR countries according to last classifications WHO country regions in 2010. Any article that reported frequency, partial frequency or percent of methods of suicde in people age above 15 years old in countries of EMR was selected. After deletion of duplications, 4152 articles were assessed by two independent assessors for title and abstract. Then 167 articles were selected for reviwing full text articles, from those articles, 19 were selected for data extraction. STROBE checklist (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) was used for quality assessments of those articles. Data extraction was conducted with two researchers, independently.Results: Hanging, poisoning and self-immolation are the most methods in most of the studies.Conclusion: Partial frequency of methods of suicide showed heterogeneity among countries and between genders.

Objectives: This systematic review is to sum up evidences from the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), on factors associated with physical domestic violence (DV).Method: Pubmed, EMBASE, ISI, PsycInfo, IMEMR, Ovid, Global health, Cochrane Library, IranMedex, SID , IranDoc, Science Direct, Elsevier, Proquest and Magiran were searched with no language limits up to December 30, 2011. The hand searching included papers lists of references and evidence list of “The National Agenda for Preventing Domestic Violence”. Quantitative studies on ever partnered, not-pregnant women in the EMR countries, which referred to either predisposing or protective factors of physical DV, in each of victims, perpetrators and community domains, were selected. A criterion based critical appraisal was performed by two reviewers. We applied random effects model to pool odds ratio (OR) estimates, Cochran’s Q test to assess hetrogenity, Begg’s rank correlation test and Egger’s regression method to assess publication bias. Results: According to the meta-analysis, receiving university education by women is a protective factor against physical DV, while women not being employed in paid jobs are more prone to physical DV.Conclusion: There ae many Factors Associated with Physical Domestic Violence Against Women in Countries of Eastern Mediterranean Region at the level of victim, perpetrator and family/societal characteristics. These factors are remarkably similar to those reported from other countries.

Objectives: The present study investigated the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in treating overweight and obesity among patients with coronary heart disease.Method: Using Quasi-experimental, pretest- posttest design with a control group, 110 patients who had previously coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were selected and assigned to two groups: experimental (n=60) and control (n=50) groups. These two groups had scored on body mass index (BMI) equal or above 25. The experimental group participated in motivational interviewing sessions in addition to regular cardiac rehabilitation programs. BMI, symptomatic depression, anxiety and stress were assessed in pretest and posttest (after three months). Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance regarding criteria of BMI for overweight and obesity.Results: Motivational interviewing was effective in controlling overweight, but not in the obese group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that motivational interviewing is effective to control overweight as a risk factor of coronary heart disease. Overweight is more related to lifestyle than obesity. It seems obesity is under influence of non-modifiable factors like genetic which is not easy to change.

Objectives: In this study the efficacy of buspirone was compared with methylphenidate in children and adolescent with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: In this randomized double blind clinical trial with crossover design, 40 children and adolescents (6-16 years old) with the diagnosis of ADHD were studied. The samples were selected by conventional method and categorized by blocked randomization into buspirone and methylphenidate groups. This study has two 8-week phases with one week wash-out period. Both medications were prescribed with the dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day. Effectiveness was evaluated using teacher and parents forms of ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) for both groups. Questionnaires were completed in baseline and every two weeks during the eight-week phase. Medication side effect profile was evaluated. Data were analyzed by repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: At the end of each phase, the scores of attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity had significant decrease in comparison with baseline and previous weeks of study for both drugs and no significant difference was detected between groups. The positive effect of methylphenidate in decreasing the symptoms was detected earlier than buspirone. Conclusion: Buspirone seems to be as effective as methylphenidate in treating ADHD with less side effects.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine collaboration among authors who published articles in the Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology during 2002-2010. Method: In a scientometric study, original articles published in the Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology during 2002-2010 were included. Obtained data were analyzed by Excel software and descriptive statistics (frequencies and means) were reported.Results: The collaboration coefficient was 0.61. Findings indicated that Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (with 236 articles) and Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services (with 167 articles) have had the most grouping published articles in the journal among other research institutes and scientific centers.Conclusion: Author’s collaboration in the Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology is suitable. It seems that browsing author’s collaboration coefficient in this journal periodically can improve it and is suggested.

Objectives: The present study has done with purpose of survey the reasons of methadone maintenance therapy drop out in clients of Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS). Method: In a qualitative study, sixteen clients underwent face-to-face deep semistructured interviews which continued until informational saturation. The interviews were written and studied by inductive-deductive content analysis method. Results: According to the analyzed data, treatment system, the patients, and the family are three effective factors in dropping out and bands of these factors influence each other. The patient encounters with issues including low motivation, unstable motivation, and comorbid psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, the family is not conversant about technique’s treatment, therefore don’t cooperate adequately. Also treatment system regarding many aspects (such as protocol inaccuracy, labeling, contemptuous behavior with client, and undertaking behavior with patient for example seeing him as a wrongdoer person, not to inform him, lack of enough appointment and empathy with him) is unaffordable for client. In this system, quantity is more emphasized than quality and psychological treatment, is too colorless. Conclusion: It seems that the current system and clinic`s conduct ways have been desined for patients with high motivation and severe dependency and it is not useful enough for patients with low motivation and moderate dependency. Hence these patients are not taken care of in the treatment program and drop out.

Objectives: The aim of present study was to assess preliminary validity and reliability of the Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire “KIDSCREEN- 27” in a sample of Iranian students.Method: 551 students were selected from middle and high schools of Yazd city age 11 to 19, using multistage sampling. The questionnaire administered after pilot study and cognitive interview. Besides self report KIDSCREEN-27, 4th version of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales, General Health Questionnaire 28 item version (GHQ-28), Personal Well-being Index-School Children (PWI-SC), Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSSEI), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Socioeconomic Properties Questionnaire were performed. To examine validity of the questionnaire, construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis and discriminate validity) and convergent and divergent validity were employed, and using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest (two week apart) coefficient its reliability was verified.Results: Floor effect was observed in psychological well-being, social support and peers, and autonomy and relation with parents, and ceiling effect was observed for all dimensions that were negligible. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed an appropriate fitness between the model and the data. There was moderate to strong correlation between KIDSCREEN dimensions, except for social support and peers, with similar dimensions in other questionnaires that assess the same constructs (p<0.01). Significant differences in some KIDSCREEN dimentions were found between high and low socioeconomic, as well as among three and tree mental health (normal, borderline and abnormal) groups (p<0.05). Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all dimensions, except for school environment dimension, were above 0.70 and test-retest reliability coefficients for all dimensions werestrong (p<0.01).Conclusion: KIDSCREEN-27 has an appropriate validity and reliability in Iranian population.

Objectives: This study explored prediction of schizotypal and borderline traits according to attachment dimensions and basic personality traits.Method: The current study was conducted in correlational context. Randomly selected 603 students from Tabriz Payame Nour and Azad Universities and Sarab Payame Nour University students took part in this research. Participants answered Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B), Borderline Personality Inventory (BPI), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, Short form  (EPQ-RS) and Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI). Data were analyzed usingstepwise multiple regression analysis.Results: Neuroticism, avoidant attachment, psychoticism, secure attachment (negatively), ambivalent attachment and extraversion (negatively) significantly predict schizotypal trait respectively. Neuroticism, psychoticism, ambivalent & avoidant attachments significantly predict borderline trait respectively.Conclusion: High neuroticism and psychoticism with avoidant attachment style is proposed model for schizotypal, while high neuroticism and psychoticism with ambivalent attachment style is best model in prediction of borderline traits.