TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STUDIES
Year:2009 | Volume:4 | Issue:13|Papers Count:7

Exposure to environmental pollutants is known to be harmful to health, in general, and to lungs in particular. In this respect, traffic police officers are at particular risk due to the nature of their jobs, since they are exposed to emissions, such as asbestos produced by vehicles and others. In a field study, personal asbestos fiber concentrations during the routine police work in Tehran were measured. The airborne asbestos fiber concentrations and their chemical composition of 42 personal samples were analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopes (PCM) and Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). Personal monitoring of fiber levels in the police stations demonstrated counts that ranged from 0.006 to 0.027 PCM f/ml. The personal geometrical mean concentrations were 0.014 PCM f/ml which is considerably higher than the geometrical mean concentrations reported in ambient of Tehran (3.4× 10-3 f/ml). The SEM data demonstrate that the fibrous particles consisted, approximately, of Chrysotile (60%) and Actinolite (20%). Based on these findings, the 60% of airborne fibers inhaled by police officers were serpentine asbestos with fibers equal and greater than 5 mm in length and 0.2mm in diameter, and thus were not included in the PCM – based fiber counts. Thus, it is expected that the police officers who work in Tehran will suffer from negative health effects due to exposure to the asbestos fibers.

Social rank is a judgment based on which the society gives prestige, respect, and more popularity to a particular social group and, hence, prefers them over other social groups. The present study has been carried out with the aim of recognizing and scientifically explaining factors affecting traffic police officers’ social rank. These factors include: behavior and performance of traffic police officers, their livelihood status, their physical appearance, equipment and facilities, their families' status and their duties.In order to carry the research, all traffic police officers in Ardebil province were selected and the necessary data were gathered via 100 questionnaires. Then, the results were analyzed using T-test and Freidman test. The results indicated that the 6 aforementioned variables affect traffic police officers’ social rank. However, the 5th and the 6th hypotheses were less effective, compared to the first 4 ones.

Along with the increase in the number of vehicles in our country due to producing all kinds of vehicles by internal companies and importing other vehicles, the cannibalized governmental and organizational vehicles which are inefficient are transferred to people and again enter the traffic cycle through auction. One of the reasons put forward for increasing driving crimes and misfeasance of auctioned vehicles in traffic is not implementing the auction and documents laws by incumbents.The fundamental goal of the present research is to seek the relationship between auctioned vehicles and increase in driving crimes and misfeasance in the West Azarbaijan province.The research method is a field one. The information was gathered by observations, interviews and considering documents form a statistical population including 428 auctioned vehicles in south of West Azarbaijan through random sampling. The results showed that auctioned vehicles which were inefficient caused most crimes and misfeasance. Also, because of their inefficiency, the traffic security in the province is low, yet the number of traffic accidents is high.At the end, some suggestions, which seem to be effective in decreasing driving crimes and misfeasance, have been offered to those organizations which leave auctioned vehicles.

Accidents are among the most important problems for public health throughout the world. This issue is very important because most victims are juvenile and have been absolutely healthful before the accident. The problem has gained more importance due to the increase in the number of people died as well as the large number of road users in Iran. The present paper will challenge the role of human factor in road accidents. The statistical population is the road accidents occurred in Iran in 1385 obtained through self-collecting. The population amounts to 34382 cases. The information used has been gathered from com 114, which is the database for road accidents.The findings of the research have shown that in 97.5% of accidents the effect of human factor can be observed. But the effectiveness scale of this factor compared with other factors is 49%. The results of the study indicate that 38% of people killed were not drivers. More than 22% of the people killed in road accidents were those who were not involved in the car crash, including pedestrians and bicyclists. In 48% of car crashes, the drivers were seriously injured. The most important human factor with respect to the occurrence and aggravation of road accidents is related to legal negligence (64.5%). Next come alcohol and drug abuse (24.3%). Tiredness and sleepiness have been responsible for merely 3.9% of accidents occurred. 19% of drivers who were involved in road accidents possessed suspended driver’s license or B1, while 67.9% of the victims and 8% of casualties had such a license.

The studies show that despite implementing good vehicle maintenance activities in traffic police, these activities are not goal-directed. The current research entitled ‘A survey of the Maintenance situation of Traffic Police Vehicles Based on SCAP Model’ was accomplished to determine the gap between the current maintenance situation and the ideal situation.The research method is a field one. The data was gathered using questionnaires from the statistical population. After defining research variables, variable factors were selected. Then, having measured the validity and reliability of the questionnaires, they were distributed and gathered.The results of the research show that the current maintenance situation of traffic police vehicles is far removed from the ideal situation. It is suggested that the managers should improve the level of knowledge, skill and technical information of maintenance employees in order to reach the ideal situation. Also, employing skilled and knowledgeable managers to lead the vehicle maintenance system will be effective.

Obviously, one of the most important characteristics and capabilities of traffic police officers is making social interaction with people. Of course, this communication should be authoritative, yet politely.The present paper is going to discuss the delicacies and skills associated with traffic police verbal communication and try to provide some practical solutions. Although the paper addresses traffic police in particular, the results could be generalized to police forces as a whole.

In this research, the active safety control systems are introduced and their operations are investigated in vehicle handling. Among them, the systems which directly control the yaw and lateral vehicle motions (Electronic Stability Program (ESP), Active Front Steering (AFS), and Active Rear Steering (ARS)) are separated. After that, the control roles of yaw rate and side slip variable motion are studied in vehicle handling. Then, one model of vehicle which could describe the yaw and lateral vehicle motions on the road is selected and modeled in MATLAB/Simulink software. Moreover, by designing a PD controller in the Electronic Control Unit for preventing wheels locking during the braking, the model vehicle is equipped with the Anti-lock Braking System. This model, which doesn’t have any of ESP, AFS or ARS control systems, is named uncontrolled vehicle. In the next stage, via these control systems (from introduced references) and adding them to the ECU of the uncontrolled vehicle, the controlled vehicle is made. This model is applied for demonstrating the ability of each ESP and AFS systems in vehicle handling and also their effects on deriver’s behavior. Both controlled and uncontrolled vehicles are carried out under a critical double lane change maneuver with the driver’s model in MATLAB/Simulink software. The maneuver is simulated in a high longitudinal velocity on a snowy road with driver’s hard braking and the results are presented comparatively.