Iranian Journal of Social Problems
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:15

What is the essence of myths? How through the experimental and anthropological research, the objective signs of influencing myths in the daily life of Iranian people, can be recorded and documented? This article toward answering this question, highlights the basic concept of structural dichotomies and their conflicts such as east/west, feminity/masculinity, industrial/traditional and. . . as a foundation of the research project which shows the mythical orientation reminder us any unbalancing between two poles of dichotomies afflicts the life-world of contemporary Iranian people to social problem of perplexity and short-tempered moods (moods such as absolute denounce of eastern or western styles of life). Therefore the innermost part of myth, from the phenomenological viewpoint, is moments, events and happenings occur among of Iranian's life and their communities to raise awareness of them and maybe its consequence can be transition of their life from existential forgetness (forgetting the basic importance of balance between dual poles) toward experiencing the better and well-ordered world and in accordance with mythical messages, finally starting to construction of this world again.

The objective of this research was predicting post-divorce adjustment in women regarding their perceived social support and resilience. The statistical population of the research consisted of women under the auspices of Emam Khomeini (PBUH) Relief Foundation in 2016. Using available non-random sampling method, 240 divorced women were chosen as research sample. Research tools included Fisher post-divorce adjustment questionnaire (1976), Zimet multi-dimension scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) (1988), Conner and Davidson resilience questionnaire (2003). The gathered data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression method. Results indicated positive significant relation of perceived social support and resilience with post-divorce adjustment of women. When perceived social support and resilience of divorced women increase, it is expected that their post-divorce adjustment level enhance. According to the obtained results, it is suggested to pay enough attention to the role of perceived social support and resilience as predictive factors of women's post-divorce adjustment in order to prevent and reduce their psychological problems due to divorce in our society.

Immigration as a human phenomenon has multiple effects on social, cultural and economic world life of immigrants and indigenous people. A history of three decades of conspicuous presence of Afghan refugees in the country, has doubled the need for research and study the various aspects of their lives in Iran. The present study and the repeated visits to the neighborhood slaughterhouse of Yazd has been done in a period of about six months. Data related to this study, considering the subject matter and the method of qualitative method of grounded theory and has been collected using semi-structured interview technique. After gathering preliminary information to determine the validity and accuracy of the results several referring to the field is used. Functionalist theories of migration, Krytz dependency theory and the theory of adsorption and desorption of Herbal and Evert Lee, form the conceptual framework of the study. Eventually factors such as political, social, economic, cultural and environmental security leads to pessimism and negative attitudes towards Afghans. The findings of our study led us to provide the Grounded theory of "being in the Pendulum". In other words, between native and immigrant a double game with strains of rejection and assimilation are ongoing.

This study aims to investigate the impact of social networks (telegram in particular) on family relations of couples. The method used in this study is grounded theory based on qualitative data. For doing the research we had 25 informants that were couples, between 35 and 50 years old, who live in Tehran. they are member and frequent users of a social network (telegram). These couples are seemed to have some difficulties in family relations because of membership of telegram. The findings (and theory) of this research shows that being member and using of the social network (telegram) without having prior knowledge of cyber space and the nature of social networks can cause tensions between couples.

The basic question is: what are the Pacters Affecting on the decrease of scientific collaboration of professors of social sciences? The main objective of this study is to describe and explain the scientific collaboration among faculty members of social sciences. For the purpose of research, theoretical framework is used; Foundations of descriptive-explanatory scientific cooperation, Ben David and Merton's theory. This assumption is based on the initial question, objectives and theoretical study consisted of 3 hypothesis. Research Method is"quantity-survey" and the techniques are used questionnaires to collect data. The sample size was calculated using formula Cochran, 101 Social Sciences six university professors who have been selected classification probability sampling method. For data analysis of various statistical tests, regression, correlation and path analysis were used. The research shows that” Scientific ethics” , ” The interactions and scientific” scientific test and Personal Characteristics (gender, age, academic rank, marital status, etc. ) on scientific collaboration have a significant impact. Based on data analysis, we can conclude that groups Scientific ethics weakness, weak interactions and communications has led Scientific cooperation resulted in social groups of six university professors the bottom is. In addition to the scientific output of professors studied very little.

Hypocrisy as a interpersonal and social phenomenon and it's continuity in socialization experiences draw our attention to a serious social Problem. The feature of disparity or conflict is the essential core of the concept of hypocrisy. Disparity Pairs such as words versus deeds, pretended belifes versus genuine beliefs or beliefs versus desires are resources for generatiny hypocrisy. Hypocrisy is a interpersonal Phenomenon, but it is extended to social groups, institutions and social organzations. Hypocritical behaviours are two models; self-conscious hypocrisy and self-deception hypocrisy. Since, the cinema is both a social and an aesthetic occasion, Films can reflect the societies which they spring from. In fact, films reflect collective psychological tendencies and moralities of a society. The research's framework on which this research is based, was conducted by using semiotic approach and also Goffman theatrical performance view a conceptual model of hypocrisy. This research indicates that normative conflicts exist and that it can lead people to act hypocritical behaviours. Also socialization experiences stimulate hypocrisy. Although, moral integrity is Preached but hypocrisy is thought in society and family. It can considered two main motives: one is self-interest and second is situational pressure together with psychological factors, personality characteristics and habits. Situational pressure is sociological factor and self-interest is psycho-social factor. People definition self-interest based on other people, Groups, situational pressure and society.

Social impact assessment (SIA) is one of the new and interdisciplinary fields in urban sociology and important strategic tools for achieving quality of life and sustainable development. This study purpose was identifying the quality of the social impact assessment process in Iran, especially urban projects, investigating the problems and challenges faced by the researchers in its implementation and identifying the intervening and strategic factors as well as the consequences of implementing this process. The qualitative research approach and the grounded theory method were used to achieve this goal. The participants in this study were 22 people of SIA professionals and administrators, experts and observers interviewed by a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed based on three coding methods used in grounded theory including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The results of the interviews analysis indicate 22 general categories shown in the paradigmatic model including causal conditions (technocratic look, social participation weakness, social trust weakness, finance affairs and payment), phenomenon orientation (SIA implementation), and intervening conditions (urban governance weakness, social researches institutionalized problems), the field (intermediary institutions weakness, SIA supervision, interdisciplinary thinking), strategies (executors competency, extension of SIA scope, obligatory laws) and consequences(positive: developing the scientific field of assessment, increasing community demands, promoting the sociologists' job position; negative: SIA governing, SIA reduction to conventional research, non-using the pragmatics; long term: active citizen, quality of life and sustainable development). The results of this research can be considered to improve social impact assessment implementation process and to eliminate its shortcomings.

How do people choose to be apathetic while confronting unfavorable situations? Agents make decision about their reaction in the wide range of interactive situations which they experience in their daily lives on the basis of their social position which is understood by their cultural context. This paper aims at investigating the influence of Iranian Social Position on their cultural logic as a platform to explain the reasons behind choosing Apathy while confronting unfavorable situations. The study applies Garfinkel and Beeman ethno-methodological theories to outline this target. Data has collected through participatory observations, semi-structured interviews and reviewing research studies. . The interviewees have selected from four distinct research fields include of people in different age and socio-economic class. As findings demonstrate, social apathy is created based on agent's description of their Social Position and there are two cultural factors which help them to understand their social position: " Equality-Inequality" and "Strangeness-Intimacy". On this basis, six types of social position which lead to social apathy creation can be explained in Iranian interactive process.

The present study aims to penetrate to the heart of bigenders identity experiences in social interactions. Describing the experience and understanding of bigender identities and consequences of this state are of utmost importance for understanding the lifeworld of these people. Accordingly, the methodology of this study is qualitative and is done with an interpretative-structural approach. Using purposive sampling with 26 samples, hermaphrodite and transsexual bisexuals are deeply interviewed. Bisexuals’ lived experiences in social interactions shows that they understand the situation as sexual conflict, ambiguity of role, discrimination, rejection by parents and society, suffering from painful emotions, feelings of fear, despair, violence, conflict in interaction, and antipathy to body. Their experience and understanding refers to a range of phenomena from social rejection, exclusion, situational discrimination, to embarrassment, stigma, and social label in social interactions. Constructed meanings of these people suggest that bigender identities are experiencing complex, insecure, and difficult lifeworld.

The lack of Birth Certificates means the lack of individuals` identity, persons without Birth Certificates are deprived from primary human rights and with much probably encountered to millions discriminations and inaccessibility to essential services such as health and education (UNICEF, 2002). The individuals that have no legal existence have no the least support which identity documents create for persons against soon marriage, infant working, recruitment in army forces and even children smuggling. Since these people are ignored in statistics and politicians` decisions so it has been settled to legal lacks and weakness with the purpose of understanding the challenges of exercising politics in the field of this group. In order to access to the aim of the research in this range was used the analysis of documents and rules qualitative contents with inductive approach. All of the documents and laws that have been edited and approved in this field at recent years and the rules which have affected indirectly on conditions of these children have been seen as full counting. Constructional inattention and carelessness to children and adolescents without Birth Certificates is one of the most important challenges for exercising politics in this field that furthermore their inaccessibility to education, cure services it compared with others has caused that they engage in more risks. Research findings shows that conceptual atmosphere has exclusivism approach in rules which relate to these children directly and impose “ double social exclusion “ on these children with creating exclusion social, temporal, local conditions. This matter is applied by rules that exert “ symbolic harshness” in the field of “ mothers rights” so that they have “ implement view to motherhood rights” with choosing paternal approach. Thus it is necessary to have an approach that creates the least social inclusion for these children.

In this research, the role of the moderator of the source of control in the relationship between parental monitoring and high-risk behaviors of soft drug use (cigarettes, hookahs and alcoholic beverages) was studied in a student sample in Tehran. In this study, 460 students from different educational levels participated in this study. Students were asked to complete the questionnaire on parenting monitoring in the Risk and Consumers Consuming Materials Questionnaire (Revised Version), the Scale of Drug Abuse Scale from High Risk Behavior Questionnaire and Ruther's Control Source Control Questionnaire (RLCS). The results of the study showed that there is a significant correlation between the source of control and the high risk behavior of soft drug use. Parents' monitoring and high risk behaviors were also significant. The results of modulation regression analysis showed that the control source could moderate the relationship between parenting monitoring and the high risk behavior of soft drug use in students. Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the relationship between parental monitoring and high risk behavior of soft drug use is not a simple linear relationship and the source of control can affect this relationship.

Background and Aim: In this study, in addition to the epidemiology of mental disorders in the population aged 18-64 in Saigon, and indicating the socioeconomic factors which affect the prevalence of these disorders, we also compare them with the findings of mental health status in Arak. Theoretical Framework: Sociological theories of Anomie of Durkheim and Strain theory of Merton are the bases of our theoretical framework in this research. To determine the prevalence of mental disorders, the well-known General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and to determine the effective sociological parameters on them, questions derived from Durkheim and Merton's theories formed our second Questionnaire, the sociological one. The sample size was 384, using Cochran formula, and sampling was done using multi-stage cluster sampling. Findings: Results showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorder in Saigon is 10. 2%: in men 5. 5% and in women 12. 8%. Moreover, the components of immigration, job status, social status, ethnicity, structural and social pressures, family problems, and social capital, were shown to contribute to the risk of mental health and the occurrence of mental disorders. In the comparison of these two industrial cities, the state of mental disorder in the city of Arak is far worse than the city of Saigon: overall prevalence of mental disorder is 28/9% and in terms of respondant's sex, 34/55% in women and 23/31% in men. The only sociological factor that was not confirmed in Saigon, was religious adherence. All aforementioned factors were strongly confirmed in Arak, including the religious adherence. Conclusion: As it will be discussed, the size of mental health difference between the two cities is far from any initial expectations, since Saigon was the capital of South Vietnam and experienced a terrible war with America.