Sport Management Journal
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:17

Formation of fan-team identification can pay the way for development of sport team brands and reinforcing fan base and economic base of sport teams. The purpose of the current study was to provide a model from the formation process of fan-team identification among football fans in Iran. The research method was descriptive – survey and a practical one, and the data was collected by using a combination of Batacharia & Sen’ s distinction identity, similarity identity, and prestige identity survey, Ahearn et al’ s attractiveness identity, and Meal & Ashforth’ s fan-team identification survey. The research population consisted football fans in Iran and based on a pilot study a sample of (n=344) was selected through random sampling. The validity of questionnaire was verified by using comments of experts in sport management and the reliability of the total questionnaire was found to be 0, 86 according to Chronbach’ s alpha. The conceptual framework of the current study was a hypothesized model involved identity distinction, identity similarity, identity prestige, identity attractiveness, and fan-team identification. To measure the validity and fitness of the model, Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) has been applied. PLS and SPSS18 were used for data analysis. The results showed that among the four casual relationships, all directions except to the direction of similarity identity to attractiveness identity were verified.

The purpose of this research was to design of Relationship Marketing Model in the Iranian premier Football league. The research method was descriptive and survey that the necessary data were gathered through interviews with relevant experts in the field with the fans, observation, review the relevant theoretical literature and researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population was consisted the upper of sixteen years of football fans in the Iranian premier football league. The number of 527 questionnaire were selected from gathered 674 questionnaires based on research fans definition that attendance average of them was above of 8 games in a season for their teams favorite. Structural equation models (SEM) and were used to analyze the data. Results indicate that fan relationship management effects positively and significantly on relationship quality in the Iranian premier football league clubs. Also, data fitting indices and significant regression coefficients showed that the impact of fan relationship management on the fan lifetime value depends on the relationship quality with fans in the Iranian premier football league clubs. Improving relationship quality eventually lead to increase fan lifetime value that has behavioral issues such as consumption quantity, word of mouth, media usage and re-attend by fans.

The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the questionnaire on the development of sport for all culture via TV. The population consisted of all experts in sport management with a record of administration or research in sport for all, sport managers and senior assistants and all experts in sport media and sport for all (N=230). Cronbach’ s alpha test was used to determine internal consistency; KMO test was used to determine sampling adequacy and confirmatory factor analysis was applied to determine construct validity. The findings showed that KMO and Bartlett figures were significant which validated the sample adequacy for confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggested the reliability (α =0. 94) for the questionnaire. As for the construct validity and based on the relationships and T-value, except for the questions 17 and 45, all questions had a significant relationship with their factor and could favorably predict their own factor. Also, regarding the relationship of factors with the concept of “ development of sport for all culture via TV” , the results showed that all factors were able to favorably predict the above-mentioned concept. As a result, the internal and external validity of the questionnaire were confirmed.

The aim of the present study was to investigate sport boards efficiency in Qom province and its relationship with their input and output sources. The research method was correlation and retrospective. The statistical population included 41 sports boards of Qom province. Due to low number of population, census sampling method was used. In addition, the data of boards in 2013 were collected. In order to evaluate performance of boards, Data Envelopment Analysis method (DEA) was used. To determine the most appropriate input and output indexes, performance evaluation form for sport boards and viewpoints of 10 sport management experts were used. Athletes, budget, trainers, referees were introduced as input indexes and sport for all, championship sport, sport events and educational activities were introduced as output indexes. In order to investigate boards efficiency, CCR and BCC with output nature, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman correlation test were used. DEA solver and SPSS. 20 software also were used to analyze data. Results showed a negative and significant relationship between input of sports boards and CCR efficiency and there was not a significant relationship between output of boards and CCR efficiency. Also, a positive and significant relationship was observed between output of sport for all and BCC efficiency.

Sport diplomacy is a new phenomenon that seeks to increase dialogue to open new perspectives and to help to understand the culture of the people around the world. This qualitative study used Grounded Theory and defined different aspects of sport diplomacy phenomenon. The study population consisted of experts and managers in the field of theory and practice and sample was selected by non-randomized, purposive and often snowball sampling methods. After review of the related literature, 18 in-depth interviews were analyzed and coded simultaneously. The results of open, axial and selective coding identified 165 open sources, 14 categories and 60 concepts. Categories were assigned to causal conditions, grounded conditions, intervening conditions, action/ interaction strategies and consequences based on Strauss and Corbin paradigm. The results suggested that program orientation and knowledge of sport diplomacy cover major implications in the development of political sociology, foreign policy and international sport.

The aim of this study was to assess the use, needs, and attitudes of soccer coaches towards computer. The statistical population consisted of football coaches of Isfahan city. The sample was selected from literate soccer coaches (diploma and higher) of Isfahan city by convenience purposive sampling method. According to the research objectives, a questionnaire which was the combination of two standard questionnaires (FAIT, TAC) was used for data collection. This questionnaires was sent to 150 football coaches and finally 109 questionnaires were completed and returned. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal consistency technique (Cronbach’ s alpha) which was 0. 94, 0. 64, 0. 72 and 0. 78 for attitude, accessibility, use and needs respectively. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the current needs of coaches and statistical analysis was used to determine attitudes, accessibility, use, and the needs of coaches by one-sample t test. The results were measured by mean scores in each section. Statistical analysis of data gathered by the questionnaire revealed that in general, coaches' feeling toward computer was positive, accessibility of computer was higher than average, use of computer was very low (once a month) and feeling to need a computer was relatively high (P≤ 0. 05).

Due to the universality of sport, it is an appropriate asset to communicate with social activities of the commercial companies through the cause-related marketing. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of team and organization identity in the success of cause-related marketing programs. The research method was descriptive-correlation and applied-developmental in terms of the research goals, which was conducted based on the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the field. The statistical population consisted of the customers of the Meizu Company; 393 questionnaires were distributed among them in two ways: in person and online based on stratified random sampling method. Its reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR), the convergent validity was made through Average Variance Extracted (AVE) and divergent validity was obtained through the Fornell and Larcker matrix. The data were analyzed with the SPSS24 and the WarpPLS. The results showed that team identification and organizational identification had a positive and significant effect on the consumer attitude and consumer attitude had a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. According to these findings, it is recommended that appropriate with its brand, the Meizu Company should prioritize its cooperation with major and valuable sport teams in implementing cause-related marketing programs.

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of internet advertising factors on behavior of sport consumers. This research was applied in terms of goals and descriptive-survey. The statistical population consisted of all students of physical education faculties and departments in the city of Tehran. The sample size was determined by Cochran formula (n=344). Wu et al. (2008) questionnaire was used to collect data. Its face and content validity was approved by 12 professionals and professors of sport management and marketing and the reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient: between 0. 86 and 0. 91 for different parts. SPSS 23, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for data normality, Cronbach's alpha for reliability, Pearson correlation and independent t test were used and LISREL 8. 8 was applied to determine and confirm the structural equation model. The results showed that the factors of product involvement, attitudes towards internet advertising, internet advertising content and attention and contact with internet advertising respectively had the highest effect on behavior of sport consumers. Internet advertising involvement and its role in purchasing goods was firstly based on necessity, usage and importance for people and then goods sale can increase by attitude and good content.

In today's competitive environment, political behavior will help businesses to achieve organizational competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to design and test a model of those elements influencing political behaviors in sport industry. The study sample consisted of 705 employees in Ministry of Sport and Youth and federation who were selected by simple random sampling method. In order to measure the studied variables, a questionnaire was used. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and SPSS software V. 19 and PLS were used to evaluate the proposed model. The results showed that the proposed model had a good fit with the data. In organizations, policy is a life reality. Those who cannot understand political behaviors cannot understand this reality that an organization is a political system. Thus, organizations must be directed to politicization and managers need to try their best so that they can reach organizational goals.

The aim of this study was to design the structural equation model of the relationship of organizational intelligence with organizational performance with mediating role of the deployment process of Six Sigma in experts of Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality. The study population consisted of all experts of Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality (N=200). According to Morgan Sampling Table, 127 subjects were selected as the sample of this study. Data were collected by Albrecht organizational intelligence questionnaire (2003), Choudhury organizational performance questionnaire (2001) and Bikzad questionnaire (2010). Their validity was confirmed in the previous studies and their reliability was obtained as 0. 88, 0. 78 and 0. 90 respectively that showed their good and acceptable reliability. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using AMOS software. The results confirmed the hypothesized structural relationships, that is to say organizational intelligence had an effect both directly (0. 35) and indirectly (0. 81) on organizational performance through mediating Six Sigma. Also, the Six Sigma variable directly had a positive and significant effect on organizational performance (0. 55). So, the results of the structural modeling note that organizational performance will develop in experts of Sport Organization of Tehran Municipality by an increase in their organizational intelligence and improvement of the Six Sigma process.

The aim of the present study was importance – performance analysis of characteristics of bike paths influencing cycling decision with IPA model application. The research method was descriptive analytical. The statistical population consisted of all users of bike sharing system of Isfahan city and 384 subjects were selected by convenience sampling method as the research sample. The bike paths characteristics were recognized with a review of related literature and used to design the research questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was investigated by 10 experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha coefficient; the alpha coefficient in importance dimension was 0. 93 and in performance dimension was 0. 94. The data analysis was performed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that all 34 bike paths characteristics were located in “ concentrate” area where the factors received low satisfaction scores from users, but they were important in their viewpoints. Such characteristics require immediate correction and have a high priority. So, it is necessary for urban authorities to pay a special attention to eliminating these deficiencies in the existing bike paths and considering them to design future paths so that bike riding can expand in everyday life of citizens and can replace motor vehicles.

This paper studied the effect of strategic thinking training of sport managers using gamification. In this semi-experimental study, the statistical population consisted of sport managers of Sport and Youth general offices in Iran. The sample was 45 subjects who were selected from the statistical population purposively. A researcher-made questionnaire which was designed in 7 parts electronically and on paper was used. Its validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was determined as 0. 98 and for the computer game was 0. 90. Frequency measure and percentage of frequency were used to represent descriptive data and Shaper-Wilk test was used to investigate the normal distribution of data in the inferential statistics. Also, Leven test was used to investigate homogeneity of variance and Univariate test was used to analyze the data and to compare the mean of different study groups. According to the results of Univariate test, strategic thinking training through gamification had a significant effect (F=52. 629, sig=0. 001). Given these results, it can be noted that as strategic thinking is needed for sport managers in our country, methodology of training affects their learning and motivation which shows the higher effect of gamification on learning strategic thinking compared with traditional methods.