JOURNAL OF POLITICAL STUDIES
Year:2017 | Volume:10 | Issue:37 |Papers Count:9

The present article examines the evolution and transformation of approaches and methodological perspectives of the early centuries of modernism to the fundamental change in the philosophical perspectives of Western thought in the form of postmodern views in the field of political thought. Analysis and evaluation will do. In this regard, on the one hand, the transformation of raw empiricism and its transition to positivism, logical positivism, and the transition from positivism to falsification will be evaluated. On the other hand, the emergence of a transformation in positivist and fanatical componentistic attitudes and its shifting to macroeconomic attitudes and structures will be considered in the framework of the study of Imar Lakatos and the Thomas Cohen paradigm. Finally, the Feyerabend anarchist approach will be considered. And finally, an overview of how postmodern approaches are developed, which is a product of rotation and a fundamental change in the philosophical and sociological attitudes of the West. Of course, attempts to avoid entering into the details of these perspectives should be avoided as far as possible, since the central focus of this paper is to analyze the evolution of methodological perspectives from "science" (philosophy of science) to postmodernism.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of the sanctions imposed on the political economy of the Islamic Republic of Iran by the European Union and the effects of these sanctions on the political economy of the Union, which uses a descriptive-analytical method and reliance on documentary-librarian resources, as well as the analysis of some existing works. You have a snapshot of resources and documents. Research findings showed that, firstly, political economy is considered as the most powerful economic analysis mechanism and its key political related elements in the affairs of countries, organizations and activities, such as the European Union. Second, the coordinated EU-US policy with regard to Iran's nuclear program and its efforts to issue sanctions resolutions against Iran and its unilateral sanctions against Iran, in particular the sanctions on Iranian oil purchases, as well as the reduction of economic and trade-related levels of incitement The cooperation of Tehran has not been successful and the policy of boycott of the West has led to Iran's more radicalization. Thirdly, the costs imposed on the United States and the European Union are widespread and are still widespread, and fourthly, the result of the study suggests that the United States and the European Union, through the sanctions policy, will further increase the influence of the East and, in particular, China on the Iranian market. They were In other words, the West boycotted its influence on Iran and opened the way for rivals such as China, Russia and India. In fact, the sanctions changed Iran's international trade from west to east, causing the two sides to be sanctioned and sanctioned in the process of sanctioning.

The aim of this study is the comparision of domestic policy campaigns of three conquered Iran's presidential election. It seems that the general perception has blurred the differences and similarities of these campaigns. Here we tried to go beyond total and general perceptions and to analyze more precisely and with more details the electoral texts of victorious candidates. In this research, we examined their electoral booklet one of the main electoral texts of each candidate. This research was conducted using qualitative content analysis. After coding and finding the main topic of their electoral booklets were compared. The findings show that the three candidates' policy program in a number of ways, refer to some of the components of Good Governance. But comparing and summarizing the different points of each candidate show; main theme of Khatami's program is modernization along with identifying political climate, Ahmadinejad's program is pure Islamic management and Rohani's program is reconstruction and building trust.

This study is based on subjective as if the two countries, strained relations after the Islamic Revolution is to stop the relationship, economic sanctions, supporting the Iraq war, to win the war and pressure and sanctions and intervention in the political development. The main hypothesis of this study is based on the structure of psychic and social construct in contrast to other governments of Iran and America, which led to strained relations between the two countries is continuing. Consequently, if a theoretical perspective, we must draw between Iran and America's sustained campaign against the Islamic Republic of Iran with America ends when the interests of its identity and controversial role in securing the ontological does not play. It also occurs when the first, and the nature of identity, imperialistic and hegemonic America, the Islamic Republic of Iran to change, so that this will ensure that America is a developer of state to seek a national security has become common. Secondly, America will lose when the new identity through their behaviors and practices to demonstrate it. Because if America can to consolidate its new identity and peaceful That the effect of different behaviors and practices, the Iranian regime to change. Hence, the Islamic Republic's leaders and decision makers have repeatedly stated that a change in identity and America's behavior toward Iran, there is the possibility of normalizing relations.

The rate of smuggling of goods in our country, despite the high level of follow-up and attention of senior executives from many years ago, although fluctuating and somewhat diminished, still hurts the foundations of the country's economy and production, which today is among the most important problems in the country. Economic is considered. Despite the various efforts and actions that have been taken in these years in the field of combating smuggling of goods, the desired and anticipated outcome of these coping policies has not been achieved. Therefore, the research aims to investigate the causes of the ineffectiveness of anti-smuggling policies, followed by pathology and How to deal with smuggling policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to provide practical solutions to this problem. In this research, a qualitative approach has been used and the analysis method in this research is the content analysis. Data entry, upstream and downstream documentation of organizations Related to smuggling goods and e It is also an interview with the relevant people. The woven research shows that the rule of law, the most important feature of which is thinking, thinking and tedium, is a lot of misgivings.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate influential factors on working women's political participation in Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr. The total number of 64 women (equals to the total population) filled out the relevant questionnaire. The standardized questionnaire of political participation was used to analyze the dependent variable and the researcher-made questionnaire with the validation (93%) was used to measure the independent variables. Furthermore, some statistical techniques including T-test, Spearman correlation coefficient and ANOVA were used. The statistical techniques and descriptive analysis showed that 62. 2% of respondents had a high level, 24. 1% of respondents had a moderate level and 13. 7% of the respondents involved in the low level of political participation. The analysis of the correlation between dependent and independent variables showed that there exists a significant relationship between the level of working women's education, age, motivation, political associations and their political participation. However, no significant relationship was observed between women's marital status and political participation. Examining the regression model of the influential factors affecting on the increase in women's political participation showed that these factors can explain up to 68% of the dependent variable. Calculating the impacts of cause-effects, the results of path analysis indicated that the variable of motivation had the highest rate, the variables of education, political association and age were placed at other levels of analysis and the variables which showed to have the least impact was the marital status of working women.

Terrorism isn’ t new event that occurred repeatedly throught history and it appeared formally in world political literature from France Revolution period, that means making fear at society with political motives. Technology globalization led to change concept and form of this event during 80 decade that created variable forms. Drug terrorism is also carried out as new forms by organised terrorist bands along with producing and distributing different kinds of drugs and Psychedelic drug considering its use from political perspective to threaten world community security. This research aims to investigate drug terrorism and preventive legal approach of world and regional roganisations specially Islamic Republic of Iran efforts coping it. It seems that preventive efforts were almost useful to fight against drug terrorism, but these efforts were not sufficient to establish compiled legal mechanism, so it is necessary to explain and compile comprehensive efforts for abolishing this kind of terrorism that is accepted by all countries and international community. Research method is based on documentary study and content anlysis.

The US presidents’ views on the Shah had the major impact upon Iran’ s critical situation and strategic importance during the Second World War and its aftermath. The U. S. policy toward the Shah in the Democrats tenure in the White House were mostly inspired by the presidents’ judgments that was critical to the his rule; while under the Republicans presidents, their policies were determined by the party structure that usually supported him. In the FDR’ s and Truman’ s era, the Shah’ s role was not regarded as important, while preserving Iranian stability was essetial. In the Eisenhower era, the Shah’ s role in the Iranian politics had got a major boost. However, and in the contrary to the conventional viewpoints, Eisenhower had no desire to stage any coup against government of Dr. Mossadeq. The coup, itself, was more the dictate of international system. President John Kennedy put aside Eisenhower’ s relentless policy of supporting the Shah, and instead, criticized him for not paying due attention to the wellbeing of the Iranian people. He pressed the Shah for the economic development, political reforms and curtailing its military expenditure. With Lyndon Johnson’ s presidency, long term stability of the shah’ s regime and the support of his White Revolution, had become the two major American concerns. However, unending Shah’ s apatite to purchase more and newer weaponry was considered by the American officials as the real bone of contention in the U. S. – Iran relations. After Richard Nixon came to power, the Shah got the opportunity to breath free. In the 1969 onwared, the U. S. President’ s relations with the Shah had undergone a completely new arrangement, called the Nixon doctrine. This arrangement assigned the task of maintaining security of the Persian Gulf to the Iranian forces with the U. S. as only, the arms supplier. The Nixon policy continued in the Ford Administration. Nevertheless, problems in the U. S.-Iran relations and in fact the Shah’ s countdown of the fall, started in that short years. Jimmy Carter’ s coming to power ended the previous U. S. presidents’ committments to the Shah. He particularly put aside their policies of exporting unwarranted arms to Iran, while closing eyes to the regime’ s human rights violation.

Today's humanitarian law is one of the basic pillars of preventing chaos in the international community. In practice, human rights have been able to prevent some of the human tragedies which, unfortunately, have emerged in recent years with the advent of various weapons. The 1980 Convention prohibits certain conventional weapons by prohibiting or even limiting certain weapons from creating a suitable environment for wars to do anything. Humanitarian law is at the beginning of its work and can not be expected to function as fully functional and effective as domestic law and to be considered a definite obstacle to dealing with these war crimes and human beings, while in the formation of domestic law in its modern sense It has also been. One of the most important human rights conventions of the 1980 Convention is conventional weapons. The main purpose of the Convention on Conventional Weapons is to provide better legal protection than civilians in armed conflicts. In fact, the Convention and its annexed protocols, based on international humanitarian law, govern the use of conventional conventional weapons as well as new conventional weapons.