NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT (JOURNAL OF FISHERIES)
Year:2011 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 (16)|Papers Count:15

Genetic diversity of Neogobius kessleri gorlap poplution was examined by 100 samples from Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea (Guilan and Golestan). Genomic DNA was extracted from fin tissue by phenol-chlorophorm method and its concentration was 50 to 100 nanogram. PCR was performed using 6 microsatellite primers. PCR products were resolved through vertical non-denaturing 8% polyacrylamide gels electrophoresis. The amplified microsatellite loci were visualized through silver staining. The results showed that each of 6 primers were polymorphism in Neogobius kessleri gorlap. The mean of observed and effective allel number was 11.333 and 7.066 respectively in Golestan coast and 10.200 and 5.737 in Guilan coast. Also the mean of observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.571 and 0.812 respectively. It was also seen that specimens from two regions (exception locus NG71, NG111 and NG215 in Golestan coast) were not in Hardy-Weinberg Equibrium in all of the loci. Based on Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) FST was 0.052 between Golestan and Guilan coasts. Also Nm value was 4.521 between two regions. Genetic distance was 0.634 between specimens from Guilan and Golestan coasts. As result, there is a significant genetic divergence between some of samples. Therefore, two genetic group of Neogobius kessleri gorlap were identified in Iranian coasts of the Caspian Sea (Guilan and Golestan coasts).

In this research, effects of replacement of different levels of vegetable oils instead of dietary fish oil on growth parameters, chemical composition and fatty acids profile of cultured Beluga juveniles (27.01±0.49 g) were studied for eight weeks. For this mean, three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, containing 10% of added oil. Diets were consisting of 100% kilka fish oil in the first treatment (control diet), 50% fish oil and 50% mixed vegetable oils (soybean and canola oils, 1:1) in the second treatment and 100% mixed vegetable oils (soybean, canola and sunflower oils, 1:1:1) in the third treatment. There were no significant differences in the growth performance parameters and food consumption consisting of WG%, K, GR, SGR, Feed intake, FCR, PER and also chemical composition of carcass, consisting of raw protein, raw fat, moisture and ash among different treatments. By the inclusion of dietary vegetable oils, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA), particularly linoleic acid (18:2n-6) significantly increased in beluga carcass, but docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) and the ratio n-3/n-6 in beluga carcass were significantly reduced. Generally, the fatty acids composition of fish carcasses was highly reflective of the dietary lipid sources. With consideration to lack of significant difference, the fishes of second treatment obtained a better growth performance than other treatments and these results suggest that cultured Beluga require n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acids in diets.

The Anzali lagoon has the high ecological potential and suitable conditions for carp breeding beside the other fishes. Release and recapture of these four species (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and Cyprinus carpio) after a period of 4-7 months and determine the returned rate, were this research goal. This research started in spring and summer of 2005 with release of 2200000 number of four species of carp fingerling with average of 30±2 gram to the west part of Anzali lagoon (Abkenar, Maroozeh and Ghoraba) in 95 times. The percent of each species fingerling’s release were %48 Ctenopharyngodon idella, %8.5 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, %32.5 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and %11 Cyprinus carpio. In the six mounths of sampeling with twice per week, samples measured. The weight with accuracy of one gr. And the length with accuracy of one mm. The data analysed with excel software. Final biomass of this fishes were 3.4 T for Ctenopharyngodon idella, 71.2 T for Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, 167.8 T for Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and 23.5 T for Cyprinus carpio. Generally, the Abkenar station has more catch ability than the other stations, because %48 of the fingerlings was released in this locality. The average of length and weight of Ctenopharyngodon idella were 42±3 Cm and 1121.7±26 gram, of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis were 47.5±2 Cm and 1185.4±42 gram, of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were 49±4 Cm and 1168.6±67 gram, of Cyprinus carpio were 38.7±3 Cm and 1208±35 gram. The results showed that with due attention to suitable depth and wide surface of west part of Anzali lagoon, the survival rate of the released fingerlings were %10.

The present study was performed to find the suitable conditions for the breeding of Eisenia foetida earthworm. The worms were studied in the storage densities of 50 and 70 grams and in three life stages during 15 weeks. The air temperature and humidity (percentage) were recorded every day. For both storage densities, the worms were selected from the adults with genital belts and mean body weight of 0.51 g; the young worms with no genital belt and mean weight of 0.38, and the infant worms with the mean weight of 0.27 g. After 15 weeks, the worms were picked up from the cultivated area. The final growth rate in the density of 70 grams for adult worms was 51.66; for young worms 7.2 and for infant worms 86.17, but their growth rates for adult worms in the density of 50 grams were 31.4, 10.4 and 10.8 for adult, young and infant worms, respectively. The results of breeding red earthworms (Eisenia foetida) showed that the appropriate storage density for biomass production is the initial density of 70 grams for adult worms. To reach higher mass and better growth, it is better to harvest the worms when ten weeks old.

Understanding biometric and reproductive indices in sturgeon broodstocks can improve and help to artificial propagation quality. This study was conducted to aim of determination of biometric and reproductive indices in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedti) in Iran climate condition and was compared to broodstock condition in sturgeon hatcheries in Russia. 27 female and 13 male broodstocks were considered in Shahid Marjani hatchery centre. After maintaining the broodstocks at Kuranski ponds and measuring the germinal vesicle position, 12 female was eliminated from artificial propagation and the others was injected by pituitary hormone. After maturity duration, 10 females and 5 males showed positive response to the hormone injection. For comparing the obtained results to sturgeon artificial propagation and rearing activities, the data was compared to hatcheries normatives in Russia. Results showed that some of parameters including weight, age, fecundity and percent of egg donating broodstocks in Iran are less than to Russian hatcheries, it seems that the broodstocks are not in high maturating level and they are before maturity stage, but oocyte size and ovary weight were at the same mean size and weight in Volga broodstocks. Therefore, it seems that there is no suitable conditions to Russian sturgeon migrating in south of the Caspian Sea, so there are not suitable broodstocks according to physiological and reproductive parameters in hatcheries, and after propagating this kind of broodstocks, there will be some problems in artificial propagation like low inducing the broodstocks, percent of fertility, survival at incubation period and so on.

Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is one of the economically valuable fishes in the Caspian Sea. This fish enters the rivers leading to the Caspian Sea for spawning. One of these rivers, which the fish migrate to, is Shiroud River. In the artificial propagation process of Kutum, different factors are involved in quality and quantity of female broods and their eggs. For this target, in the propagation season of 2008 we studied the effect of age, length and weight on artificial propagation efficiency in Kutum broods migrating to Shiroud River. For this reason, from February to May 2009 we studied the age, length and weight of 90 female Kutum. According to the results, average of total length was 43.26 cm, average of weight 832.08 grams, average of age 4.41, average of egg diameter 1.85 ml, average of egg number 294.49, average of absolute fecundity 41370, average of relative fecundity 52, average of fertilization percentage 93.55. Also, according to Kruskal wails test and Man-Whitney, there was a significant difference between age and total factors. Relationship between age and total factors was linear and weak to average, but relationship between fork length and weight with total factors were weak to strong.

In this study, data collected and analyzed from nineteen fish beach seine cooperative companies, located in Golestan province, Caspian Sea. By fulfilling of question sheets in relation to stable and temporary expenditures, profitability, and payback period. Results showed that payback period is 0.14-2.42 years and mean yearly profit for each fisherman ranged between 1626155-41585259 Rl. In attention of traditional fisheries industry, development of fisheries capacity in Golestan province is necessary.

Nowadays, in lights of the many beneficial effects of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), their usage in fish breeding is on rise. Antagonism with pathogenic bacteria, their ability to colonize the intestinal tract, and increasing the innate resistance towards diseases are amongst the beneficial effects of their usage. These bacteria elaborate a great deal of metabolites that may have adverse effects upon many pathogenic microbes in fish intestinal tract. The effects of seven LAB involve: Entrococcus spp., Pediococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp., Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, L. acidofilus, L. viridence, that were previously isolated and identified from 25 fish gut in summer, studied by using well-diffusion method. Bacteria were poured in wells on TSA medium; Aeromonas hydrophila were cultured on medium after 24 hours then after incubation in 30°C with 24 hours, inhibition of growth effect were studied. The Entrococcus spp. were shown to display the highest inhibitory effect against this pathogen bacteria but L. fermentum, L. acidofilus showed no antagonistic effect against Aeromonas.

This study has been conducted for duration of two years (2003-2004) with the aim of hygienic, quantitative and qualitative monitoring of fingerling fish (Salmo trutta caspius). A total of 118 brood stock fishes (Brown trout) were caught from opening place of Tonekabon River with an average weight of 2.35 kg. 79 of adult fishes were kept in fresh water fish farm to reach sexual maturity for duration of two months. During breeding time (along with other adults that were already kept from previous years), a total of 197 fishes were bred and the results were as follow: The average weight (kg) and length (cm) of propagated females were 2.33±0.92 and 56.4±1.54 respectively. But in males the average weight (kg) and length (cm) of propagated fishes were 2.35±13 and 60±0.86 respectively. At this time the males ratio number to females were 2:2 and the number of egg yield during propagation was 568989 (each matured female was holding 2888 of eggs). The average percentage of fertilization, eggs eyes survival and percentage of hatching survival were 97±0.86, 95±1.39 and 90±1.22 respectively. The total number of and percentage of larvae earned from obtainable eggs were 486523 and 85.5% respectively. The average larvae weight (after post hatching), larvae (mix feeding) and fry fishes (active feeding) were 96±10, 130±12, and 200±7 milligrams respectively. Therefore, food conversion in different weights were 96-130 mg: 0.87, 130.200 mg: 0.95, 200-400 mg: 1,400-2000 mg: 1.1,and for conversion of 1.4 need more than 5 grams respectively. The biometric factors on fingerlings are related to those fingerlings which their propagation happened during 2001 and 2002. Maximum and minimum weight, length and fat coefficient of one year class were 21.95 and 1 gram, 12.6 and 5.2 cm, 1.22 and 1.01 respectively. Maximum and minimum weight and length of two years class were 80 grams and 5 grams, 19and 3.8cm respectively. From parasitological point of view about 756 fingerlings with the weight of 1.95-20 grams were under consideration. In this connection the percentage of parasitic infestation such as gyrodactylus, myxobolus and scyphidia were 54, 14.2 and 13.8 respectively. The resistance of those fingerlings and direct exposure to 12.5 ppt (Caspian Sea water) for one-year and two-year classes were 53 and 100 percent. The physicochemical parameters in this survey for main entrance water to fish farm, stream and Tonecabon river water were determined as follows: TDS, EC, PH, DO, PO43-, NH4+, CO32-, BOD5, Ca2+ and Mg2+.

In the present study we determined growth performance, carcass quality and hematological parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss juvenile (initial weight 8.4±0.1 g) fed diets containing Thymol-Carvacrol powder at the levels of 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 g kg-1. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish at 45 days consecutive. Results showed that fish fed diets containing Thymol-Carvacrol had significantly higher growth than the control group. Survival was not different among all dietary treatments. The number lymphocyte increased when Thymol-Carvacrol used at higher levels. No significance difference in RBC, WBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC was observed. Furthermore, whole body lipid content was higher in fish fed 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1 Thymol-Carvacrol than the other groups, but body protein in group fed 3.0 g kg-1 was higher than the other groups. Also, body ash in control group was higher than the other groups. Whole body dry matter was not affected by dietary treatments. These results indicated that dietary administration of Thymol-Carvacrol can influence some growth, hematological parameters and tissue composition in rainbow trout juveniles.

To quantify the hematological parameters of Sander Lucioperca to winter season 1387, 32 Sander Lucioperca specimens were randomly caught from the south coast of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Anzali). Blood samples were collected from the fish after biometry had been done. Blood was taken using a syringe from peduncle vein and poured into vials containing Heparin (anti-clotting of blood). Hematological parameters in blood samples were measured following laboratory standards methods. The following parameters red blood cell counts (RBC) 1772854.17 in mm3, white blood cell counts (WBC) 11444.375 in mm3, hematocrit (Hct) 33.1 percent, hemoglobin (Hb) 6.85 gr/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 238.98 femtoliter, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 40.74 picogram. Mean cellular hemoglobin concentraction (MCHC) 21.05 gr, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils were 86.1625, 1.46 and 11.0, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that mean hematological parameters in different age difference was not statistically view (P>0.05).

Nowadays empirical methods as an effective tool for considering coastal process are the best for technical and engineering problems. According to different abilities of empirical methods Because of complexity of sediment transport phenomenon, sufficient studies for choosing the best method in coastal areas appear essential. In this research, wave models, current, sediment transport in the Rig port is examined by different empirical methods. First wind statistics analysis is done and then wind turned to a wave statistics based on SMB method which registered in last 30 years. On coastal weather station of Boushehr in 8 directions and 3-6-9 hours intervals of different speed classes and predicted periods up to 100 last years. Then sediment transport range is calculated by empirical methods. In this research CERC method is selected as sufficient method in this area. This method shows the best compatibility to residential data.