JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY SCIENCE
Year:2009 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 (SERIES NO. 9)|Papers Count:9

In the last decades environmental contamination especially with oil and its derivatives are the most important causes of environmental problems. The main aim of this study was research on the effect of nutrient for bioventing of gas oil contaminated soil by microorganisms. In this study gas oil was added to the soil with nutrient and without nutrient maintained in glass containers with dimensions of 30*30*30 cm stored at ambient temperature and relative humidity of 70% during the period of 70 days. Soil in the maintained conditioned were air vented by a pump with a flow rate of 0/8lit/min. During the period of venting, parameters like pH, total microbial count and gas chromatographic analysis of the gas oil were done. All the above condition and analysis were applied for soil with gas oil without air venting and compared to the result of gas oil with air venting. Result of total microbial count and GC analysis showed that microbial population of the soil with nutrient and without nutrient 70 days air venting were 1/1×1011 CFU/gr and 1/2×109 CFU/gr respectively. Gram negative bacilli with oxidas activity were the most dominant microorganisms. GC analysis of the samples showed that some of the gas oil constituents were disappeared or decreased after bioventing according the GC chromatogram and also nutrient has play effective role on the gas oil constituents by endogenous microorganisms living in the soil in the same air venting condition.

Khorma River is one of the main branches of Shalmanrood River in mountain areas of Langarood. One of the main fish species of this river is Brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario). Diet of 66 Brown trout has been studied since autumn 2003 till summer 2004. According to the obtained result average total length is 17.55 cm and average weight is 72.02 gr, average Index of fullness is 189.95, average Relative length gut 0.46, average growth coefficient (Fulton’s condition factor) 1639.67, average Vacuity index 15.5%. Brown trout in Khorma River was fed 23 foods. He was includes which are: Heptagenia, plecoptera, Baetis, Lipunera, Odonata, Simolium, Ecdyonurus, Hydropsica, Ephemera, Shell, Frog, Pelenomus, Rhyacophila, Lipuonerose, Epuorus, Spider, Fly, Snail, Ant, Grasshopper, Caenis, Spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) and other organs. Between them Hydropsica (68.18%), Plecoptera (68.16%), Baetis (57.58%) had the heighest percentage of frequency and Ant, Grasshopper, Snail and Frog (from each with .51% of abundance) had the lowest frequency percentage.

One of the Kilka Species in the Caspian Sea is Anchovy Kilka (Clupeonella engauliformes). The fish is major commercial species in the Kilka species have been existed in Iranian coastal waters and in the south-west of the Caspian Sea. During one year, from Oct.2007 until Sep.2008, we studied morphometric-meristic characteristics and diet of the fish in the regain. In the study, 200 fish were collected from the catching ships per months. Means (±SD) were: total weight 9.1±1.46 gr. Total length 110.3±8.61 mm, fork length 101.2±6.39 mm standard length 96.7±6.73 mm, … . results shown that average of electivity index 77.1±42.5, fat coefficient 649.84±82.15, Gastrosomatic index 0.0072±0.0043, Intestinal relative length 0.29±0.0715 and Index of Fullness 41.72±27.73. majore of food was planktons and included phytoplanktons: Spirolina 2%, Epitema 2%, Aphanizomon 3%, Thalassionema 3%, Chlostriopsis 3%, Ankistrodesmus 6%, Rizosolenia calcaravis 7%, Synedra 7%, Diatoma 8%, Nitzchia 9%, Exuviella cordata 10% and Zooplankton: Cyclops 3%, Triocyclops 3%, Nupeli cladocer 4%, Daphnia 7%, Acartia 7%, Balanus 8% and Rotatoria 8%.v.

Teleost fish larvae are typically visual feeders and as such it is important to provide conditions to optimize visual acuity enabling fish to detect and ingest prey effectively to maximize growth and survival. Conditions which may influence this process include prey density, orientation of lights, light intensity and wavelength, contrast of prey against the background, tank color, water turbidity and prey color. Tank color is an important factor to consider in the culture of fish, as different colored backgrounds can induce a variety of responses in relation to food intake, growth, survival and stress. As efficacy appointment of culture tank with different colors on growth performance, survival and body composition kutum larval, we provided 4 different colors for tanks (red, blue, black, white). Expatiated tanks used on accidentally pattern in 3 repetitions for culture kutum larvae. Kutum larvae after adjustment with concentrate foods with weight average 0.164±0.145 gram in 12 tanks (0.1m2) with density of 50 fishes in each tank during 8 weeks with 15% body weight in equal culture conditions (temperature= 24.61±0.2, oxygen= 7.09±0.06 mg/l, pH= 7.88±0.01). There were no significant difference in relation to FCR, SGR, BWI, GR, CF, FE and survival percent after finished culture period, in the treatments (p>0.05). Compare body weight showed that kutum larval with highly weight relation to treatment in red tank, this treatment had significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). The most body length relation to treatment in red tank that showed significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). With attention to observed significant difference statistic in kutum larvae growth process, as a result red color tank can used for culture kutum larvae.

Before taking any managerial measure it seems necessary to study the status of natural stands, as this enables the manager to assess the status of ecologic condition of stack in accordance with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of stack and provide a suitable managerial profile in accordance to ecology potential. To study aut ecology of yew tree species and to find out efficient factors in distribution limitation of yew tree in Arasbaran forest, 20 sample plot of 1000 m2 area were selected by selective sampling method in Kalale. In sample plot, geographic and ecologic properties of area, forestry characteristics of stacks containing yew tree and qualitative and quantitative properties of its basis were recorded. Next, SPSS and Excel software’s were used to profile figures. Then by utilizing one- sided variance analysis (ANOVA) test and on the basis of different group of stands due to altitude from sea level, geographic status and degree of slope, the stands of yew trees quantitatively were compared. By contrast of any of given quantitative characteristics of yew trees in studied area about altitude and different levels of ecology gradient, it was indicated that there is significant difference between averages of diameter at breast height, total height, trunk length without branch, crown diameter and crown area. However, there is no significant difference between averages of crown length with %95 probability. In addition, it was indicated that there is a significant difference between diameter at breast height, total length, and crown diameter and yew trees area in view of amplitude direction with probability of % 95. Note that between other quantitative characteristics there is no significant difference with probability of %95.

Amirkalayeh lagoon is a most important international wetland in north of Iran, with a vastness of more 1230 hectare. To study about variety and accumulation of Zooplankton in the wetland, Samples were taken from 6 selected stations in the wetland during 12 month. Each month, 30 Liter water filtered by Plankton net. Samples fixed by Formalin 4%, then transport to laboratory. According to results 5 Phylum of Zooplankton reported which include: Arthropoda, Protozoa, Rotatoria, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes, which Phylum of Arthropoda had a highest abundance in all the month of the years and Prevailing genus was “Ostracoda”. Averagely Prevalence of Zooplankton in each Liter of water was 35 Zooplankton per Liter. According to results 25 genus of Zooplankton reported which include, from Phylum Rotatoria, Monostyla, Platyias, Lepadella, Lecane, Philodina, Euchalanis, Anuraeopsis, Syncheata, Macrochaetus, Asplanchna, Testudienella from Phylum Protozoa, Centropyxis, Difflugia, Euglypha, Arcella, Cilophora, from Phylum Arthropoda, Chydrus, Alona, Moina, Ceriodaphnia, Nauplicopopoda, Ostracoda, Chydrus, Macrothrix, Cyclopoidae, Simocephalus. According to the survey the highest abundance of Zooplankton is in Summer Season especially in Mordad month with the increase in temperature and food materials, and stations 6 had the highest abundance and accumulation.

During Chasse operations, more than 15 ´ 106 tons from 56-87 ´ 10 6 m3 yearly interred sediments into Sepidrood dam are off- loaded into the river. The amount of TSS in the river reaches even more than 300 g/l, while its amount equals 55 mg/l in normal currents. The main aim of this survey was to study the ecological effect and lethal concentration of dam deposits on A. persicus fingerlings. Five treatments (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g/l with 3 replications and blank) of sediments were used with 10 A. persicus fingerlings (average weight=3- 4.8 g) in 20 liter aquaria at the International Research Institute of Sturgeon. The obtained results showed that 50% fingerlings mortality was observed in the 10 g/l sediment treatment during 96 h, while in 20- 30 g/l and 40-50 g/l mortality was observed at 72 and 48 h, respectively. Increasing in sediments concentrations was effective in decreasing the time range for mortality. Correlation between fingerlings mortality and time was linear and between 85- 99%. The total mortality of fingerlings was 76/7- 96/7% during 96h.The significant differences were observed between mortality recorded among the five treatments for different time periods. The results obtained indicate that 300 g/l suspended sediments concentration during the Chasse operation of Sepidrood dam is lethal for the most of fish fingerlings in a few hours.

Introduction and objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide. The Sporozoan protozoa causing various gastroenteritis in human, depending of their type and pathogenecity. These parasites causes a severe but self-limiting diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts, but the infection can be life-threatening in immunocompromised individuals. Infection is via fecal-oral transmission, which can occur by consuming contaminated drinking water, raw or undercooked food handled by an infected person, by direct contact with an infected animal or by exposure to contaminated recreational water. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Sporozoan protozoa and other enteropathogenic parasites in patients with gastroenteritis from Gilan Province. In this study, 617 stool samples of suspected human with gastroenteritis, were collected from patients referred to the Rasht Central Laboratory in Alzahra Hospital during one year 2008-09. All samples were examined directly and fixed in fixation buffer, then centrifuged by Paraseb kit. Three smears were prepared and applied with Acid Fest Staining (AFS), Auramin Phenol Flourescence (APF) and Giemsa Staining. The overall prevalence rate of parasitic infections was 3.9%, and the most common parasites were Giardia lamblia (1.5%), Entemoeba coli (0.2%), Entemoeba histolytica (0.3%), Cyclospora sp. (0.6%), Strongyluides sp. (0.2%), Cryptosporidium sp. (1.1%), Taenia sp. (0.2%) and the prevalence rate of Microsporidium sp. and Isospora sp. was zero. Detection of sporozoan parasites is uncommon in routine stool examinations in most laboratories and there is not also request to examine sporozoan parasites in stool. Due to importance of them among immunocompromised patients, the need for establishment of diagnostic methods is emphasized here.