JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY SCIENCE
Year:2012 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 (SERIES NO. 19 (2ND VOL.))|Papers Count:20

In order to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on some growth indices of rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), an experiment as factorial in RCBD with three replications was conducted during 2009 year in the Rice Research Institute, Iran, Rasht, central of Guilan and Rudsar, East of Guilan. Factors were cultivar (V1= Hashemi, V2= Ali Kazemi and V3= Khazar), and nitrogen fertilizer levels (N1= 0, N2= 30, N3=60, and N4= 90 Kg N/ha). Characters measured were: leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry weight (LDW), Total of dry weight (TDW), Crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and grain yield. Growth parameters were calculated during two growth stages Tillering and Flowering by harvesting samples in all treatments. Results of growth analysis indicated that, nitrogen increasing rates of fertilizer caused the increment of growth indexes in comparison with don’t application fertilizer, highest these growth indexes were obtained in N4 treatment. Among of rice cultivars, Khazar showed higher growth indices rather than Ali Kazemi and Hashemi.

Aim of this study is investigating quality and quantity characteristics of life renal in applied single selection method and control area in beech natural stand. Studied forest is located in siahkal natural resources department and in shenrood forestry project. Statistic method is selective sampling. After recognizing the area, 15 Cavity about 300 to 400 m in each method is selected separately. After recognizing the cavity and specifying its center, we move approximately 20 m in 4 basic directions, and make a 400m plot and quantity characteristics(sapling number, sapling height) and quality characteristics(freshness, hedging and working conditions) were taken. Total frequency and results of t-test in 95% possibility level indicated that regeneration is in desired conditions from quality state but there is no significant difference between regeneration number and sapling height in applied single selection method and control plot. Mixture percent and species combination in regeneration holes shows that other species appearance percent increased. In control plot method, sapling higher than 1.30 cm with 9.42% have greater percent of total regeneration when compared to single selection method with 4.37% sapling conditions in context of freshness in single selection method is better than control plot, so that in control plot,17.3% of saplings are not fresh. In conro plot, there was no grazed sapling by animals. But 2.9% of sapling in single selection method was grazed. High percentage of sapling both in single selection method and in control plot are in forked condition. So that there is no significant difference between two methods. Which is due to not correctly perfromreformation and development action on regeneration in single selection method.

To determine the amount of hematological parameters of pikes (Esox lucius linnaeus, 1785) in Anzali Wetland 120 of pikes have been caught randomly by hoop net and there was blood sampling from their tail stem after anesthesia of biometeric fish and After that hematological parameters went under evaluations by experimental and handy methods. The result shows the average total length was 49.28±14.44 (cm), total weight was 897.15±759.97 (gr), and both the length and weight were more in female in contrast to male. The average number of red blood cells (RBC) was 1131733.33±303011.6 (n/mm3), the average amount of hemoglobin (Hb) was 6.27±1.16 (g/dL), the average number of white blood cells (WBC) was 7358.33±1599.55 (n/mm3). the differential count shows that the maximum frequency relates orderly to Lymphocytes 60.58±6.86 percent, Neutrophils 35.77±6.76 percent, Eosinophils 1.92±0.85 percent, Monocytes 1.75±0.76 percent, and the the avarage amount of Hematocrit was counted to 26.88±5.53 percent. the result of blood index was MCV=246.13±35.43, MCH=56.50±8.59, MCHC=22.73±73. The outcomes put emphasis on this that, between blood parameters with the pike's sampling season is no relationships. also between parameters like hemoglobin, hematocrite, Neutrophile and the age no connection have been released but there are connections between amount of white and red blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), MCV, MCH, MCHC and the pike's age.

Gene transfer or DNA uptake process that specific piece of DNA (usually a foreign gene inserted in the bacterial plasmid) into the cells to enter. In plant breeding, gene transfer techniques related to sexual and vegetative reproduction through the common are well. The purpose of these techniques, genetic variation in plant communities, selection of superior plant genes controlling desirable traits and preserve diversity of plant varieties is Using conventional breeding techniques, advances dramatically improve crop yield in the field has been made. However, these techniques are time consuming. In recent years, plant biotechnology rich source of innovation and creativity to solve problems old and new solution provides. Therefore, in this paper that present and future savings - eye gene transfer in crop improvement consideration.

The main subject of discussion in this research is the use of restrictive environmental criteria in identification of suitable tourism zone in the southern coastal of the Caspian sea for accessing to sustainable development of tourism. The major aim of this research is specification of suitable areas for development of coastal tourism that have least adverse effects at the moment and in the long time on the environment. In this article, with investigation of existing sources, restrictive environmental criteria are identified and all areas, according to these criteria, divided in two suitable and unsuitable sections. On the base of Boolean method, by the method of singling out by GIS, 17 suitable coastal tourism zone have been identified. The result of this research shows that 6 identified zone in this research, have accordance with Guilan existing coastal tourism zone. Consequently, in appropriate site selection for coastal destination by GIS can be identified suitable areas of possible maximum activities of tourist potential and minimum negative effects on environment.

Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) is an economically valuable fish in the Caspian Sea. The fish enters to the rivers leading to the Caspian Sea for spawning. One of these rivers, is Shiroud River. In the artificial spawning process of Kutum, different factors involved in quality and quantity of female broods and their eggs and also the best temperature and migration time for spawning. For this reason, in spawning season, the influence of temperature and migration time on some of fecundity indices and fertilization rate of females in Shiroud River were studied. In this study, 90 individuals of female were studied from February to May 2008. Averages of total length, weight and age were 43.26 cm, 832.08 g, and 4.41 respectively. Results showed that maximum average egg diameter (1.86 mm), number of eggs in each gram of body weight (309.12), relative fecundity (56.21) and fertilization rate (95.82 %) obtained from 5 to 20 April (15.95°C). Maximum average of ovary weight (201.00 g) and absolute fecundity of eggs (49987.18) obtained from 6 to 20 March (17.74°C). Relationship between temperature and migration time with fecundity indices was linear and weak.

To study the effect of dietary Alcoholic Extract of Propolis (EEP) on Humoral Immune Response in Ross broiler chicks, an experiment for 42 days with 6 treatments (different levels of propolis including 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/kg diet) by measuring Immune Antibody response against ND vaccine with HI test method was performed in comparison to control group. Our investigation showed that immune antibody response against vaccine were higher for propolis fed birds and inclusion of propolis also at the concentrations of 200 and 250 mg/kg diet significantly increased immune antibody response in comparison to control diet. positive correlation were revealed between the concentration of propolis and increase titer. Therefore present studies showed that administration of EEP in broiler diets hase positive effect on humoral immunity against Newcastle disease vaccine and lead to increase in special antibody titer and high efficiency of body immune system.

In order to the effect of priming on germination the seed on Tarom Deilamani rice, an experiment under statical desing was done quite randomly three replications in the lab of agriculture researchers center and natural resources of Mazandran province in 2010. The treat ments included poly ethylone glycol (PEG) with densities of 5 and 10 percent, potassium nitrate (KNO3) with densities of 1 and 2 percent and potassium chloride (KCl) with densities of 2 and 4 percent and the times of 5, 10, 15 hours. The results implied that the maximum length of rootlees under the treatment of priming PEG and KNO3 was gained with densities of 5 and 2 percent respectively. The minimum of stem and seedline with priming by KCl was gained with density of 4 percent. The least vigor1 index for KCl solution with density of 4 and the most index vigor 2 under interactional effects of priming × time with density of 2 by KCl and the period of 10 hours were gained. The maximum germination was observed under priming treatment of PEG with density of 10 percent.

Khormarood Creek Branch is one of the important river city located in Golestan Province. This river moves the catchment of the south-east of Gorgon has led to the Caspian Sea. Reconnaissance benthos species and determine their From August 2007 to September 2008 at seven stations on a monthly basis by the frame with mesh (Surber sampler) 40×40 cm done Fixation with %4 formalin for transport to the laboratory with samples During which four straight major invertebrate aquatic Ephemeroptera, Diptera Trichoptera, Crustacea with the 3 families Bateidae, Caneaidae and Ecdyonuridae the Order Ephemeroptera, 4 family Chironomidae, Simulidae, Tabanidae, Tipulidae of the Order Diptera, 1 family Hydropsichilidae of the Order Trichoptera and 1 Order Gammaridae family of Crustacea were identified with the highest density and The Order Diptera Chironomidae and Simulidae in 2 families with 58 and 39% of dominant species and the highest density in the frequency In August 2007and lowest in March 2007 and August 2007 and May 2007 period in the Persian month January 2007 to June 2008 Chironomidae family has been substantially reduced level Due to feeding activity and vertical migration. The results of the qualitative indicators Hilsenhoff, show good quality of the creek during the different seasons and months of the year show.

Some factors relating to age and length were used to calculate with von berthalanffy formulae in a year from June 2008 to March 2009. In the current study, growth rate and maximum length were in turn computed to 0.31 and 21.17 cm in males and 0.33 and 21 cm in female. The mean fork length of females (16-26cm) was almost the same as that reported for males (15-23.6 cm) but the length-to-weight relationships were W=0.011 * FL3.055 (males) and W = 0.024 * FL2.82 (females). Although samples did not indicate any variation in sex ratio throughout a year (p>0.05), but observed few fluctuations in different months. This study revealed differences in the life history parameters of perch compared with perch compared with other geographical regions and may be associated with lack of appropriate food condition due to the degradation of environmental conditions.

In this study, species diversity in two protected and non- protected areas in Nave Asalem in North of Iran were compared in richness index and Evenness and to do this study, two protected and non-protected were selected because of having similar species combination and physiography. Systematic Random statistical method was done with the statistical web 100×100m and sample 7 for Analytic data, different tree index was calculated in each sample parcel and five significant experiment of the difference between mean indexes in two statistical experiments was used.The results show that this is a significance between used mean indexes only the species diversity N2 hill in two protected and non-protected areas.

The designing of forest road in Iran is carried out by traditional methods in forest projects from past to the present day. These days many scientists use new tools such as GIS and other software to design primary forest road. This study introduces the new method that could be a base for forest road designing; this is a compilation of GIS with traditional method, with regards to ecological, technical and environmental condition of forest. It will also be possible to use the experience traditional method experts. Thus at first the map of study area and data were valuated and with the use of Expert Choice soft wear the coefficient of importance of each layer were determined and power map of road construction introduced. Then with the compilation of tradition design road with power map, the positive and negative aspects of route planning were evaluated using traditional method. The results showed that the type map, geographic aspect map and natural terrace map were not considered traditional method. In order to overcome this problem, there considered layers in GIS were composed with topographic map. The tradition expert with use this map and with traditional method designed the road route. In the next stage with compilation of the planned route and the power map, the technical assessment of proposed planned route were carried out using Bockmond and tone/Km methods. The results showed that the designed road network (with density: 10.67 and lattice percent: 81.6) is more suitable. Also the tone/Km coefficient for the designed road is (6702637410) that in comparison with traditional road (8787879972) is lower and more suitable.

This study, the efficiency of Timberjack C-450 wheeled skidder was evaluated using and Soil erosion in Mazandaran Forests. In this study, the elemental times and effective factors on turn time were identified while 50 turns being studied. The effective factors included skidding distance, volume per turn, percent slope of skid trail, winching number of logs per turn. Main results after data analyses can be summarized as follows: For Timberjack C-450, the model of skidding turn time as a dependent variable is a function of the independent variables of skidding distance, volume per turn and winching distance volume per turn. Total production either without delays were 11.340 cubic meter per hour respectively. The production cost times were 58904 rials per cubic meter respectively. The coste of sleidding per turn was linearly related to eider of skidding or winching distances, as well as linearly related of increase in volume of log per travel turn.

In this research the vegetation biodiversity of the management and unmanagement heaps of parrotio–carpinetum has been studied and compared from the viewpoint of species richness, evenness and species diversity indexes in golband forestry project, series 5 behsara. For doing this research sampling was accomplished in the management (under exploitation) and unmanagement (witness) sample parcels which were similar in the habitat condition and vegetation structure. At first, by the use of data collection system with 100 and 150 m dimensions 60 sample plots with 20 and 20 dimensions for studying woody species and 5 one and one microplots in four corners and the center of every plot for studying grassy species were randomly–systematically sampled. After collecting data they were analyzed by past and spss software and independent–samples T test. The results show that the richness of dendroid and grassy species is in order 10 and 36 in the unmanagement heap and 11 and 50 in the management one, so the richness, evenness and diversity in dendroid species have no significant difference with each other. In grassy species the significant difference is %99 from the viewpoint of species richness and shanoon species diversity and the sympson species diversity and the difference is not significant from the viewpoint of shanoon evenness.

In this study for any claim the least marginal monetary of eleven forests& Rangelands nonmarket services including gas regulation, climate regulation, plants genetic reserve diversity, pollination, biological control, soil formation, flood control, hydrological current regulation, water erosion control, wind erosion control and ecotourism in five vegetative regions of khazari, arasbarani, zagrosi,Iran and torani and khalij–omani with area of about 162155626 acres have been estimated at 482091 billion rials annually($48.2 billion US dollars,2010).This amount is equal to about 43% of Iran GDP and four times of agricultural value added in 2010. Taking in to account the 1.73% share of the market services value of forests and rangelands in GDP, the importance of nonmarket services value of these resources in comparison to market goods will become diagnose.

Grafting as a common industrial tool is used for propagation of cactus plants. Gymno calycium doesnot have chlorophyll pigments and they should be grafted to root stock containing chlkorophyll. Preparation of scion of these ornamental plants is difficult. In this research, the effect of applied exogenous auxin treatment on micrograting of cactus plants was assessed. Gymno calycium and Tryco sereus were used as a scion and root stock, respectively. IBA is used as a auxin. Plants were treated with Four different concentrations of IBA (0, 50, 100 and 150ppm) and at three levels of time (3, 9 and 15 days after micrografting). 30 day grafted plants were compared. The best results were observed in 100 ppm especially in 100ppm-15days. The obtained results from present study indicated that IBA at the optimal concentration (100ppm) is more effective treatment and result in increased successfull grafts.