JOURNAL OF EARTH AND RESOURCES
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 (5)|Papers Count:9

Kaolin as clay has been known and used for years .The area under the study is located in the north of Iran of 15 Km from south-eastern part of Deilaman. Petro logical study of Kaolin mother - rock, under the microscope shows that the rock is vatic Tuff with a Rhyolitic combination. This layer formed uncomfortably on a layer of Conglomerate. Tuff is thus a kind of Pyroclastic and air fall. According to the result of the study, it is proved that ash - falling has happened in the water. Strata - bound layers show that the sin genetic deposits can be the main factor in the formation of the clay bound as a result of alterations.To do some test in order to determine physical features such as :water absorption, baking temperature and shrinkage & expansion parameters during baking and drying measuring brightness after baking the soil and eventually set formulation for use in housing construction , wall tiles ,which were determined this deposit has a suitable quality for use in porcelain industry and particularly in tiles industry .there is a good storage of kaolin (over 8 million ton) in this mine and it could be a very good future for this area.

Separation of different anomalies from background has most importance in geochemical studies. Fractal methods are proper methods in this operation because spatial distributions of data and anomalies geometrical features are accorded in these methods. One of the modern fractal methods is power spectral - area (P-A) method. In this method, data from concentration - place field are displaced to frequency - time field by 2D Fourier transportation and different frequency populations from geochemical data (geochemical signal) are separated. First, power spectrums are calculated for geochemical signals and digital filters are designed by fractal analysis. Finally, anomalies were separated from background by using these filters. In this paper, litho geochemical data from Kahang porphyry Cu-Mo deposit in Isfahan were used and high intensive Cu, Mo and Au anomalies were determined. For this operation and power spectral distribution map drawn for these elements, MATLAB software is used. Comparison between the results from this method by Litho logical units, alterations and tectonic information shows that P-A method has high ability in separation of different anomalies in geochemical exploration.

The zinc - lead deposits of Kuhbanan - Bahabad are situated in the Upper Permian carbonate rocks. Petrography studies on the carbonate host - rocks shows that these rocks, opposite to the other carbonates of the stratigraphy succession, have considerable primary auto morph sulfide minerals. Morphological and textural relations show that these minerals forms during primary to late stages of diagnosis. In some cases, frequency of sulfide minerals exceeds up to 5%. Geochemical studies on various rock types of foot - wall, host-rock and hanging - wall reveals that the host - rock has a unique chemical characteristic. High metal contents and similarity of rare earth elements (REEs) distribution patterns between ore types and host - rock shows that the metals originated from the host - rock. Local surveys in the mineralized area show contemporaneous exhalation with host-rock formation and caused metal enrichments of Upper Permian sediments. In turn, source rock and host-rock of these ore deposits are the same rocks and these roles were played by the Upper Permian carbonate rocks.

The metal industries generally create the contaminants in their lines of production and mostly enter them directly to the environment (Selinus et al., 2005). The region of Dandy and Maahneshan in Zanjan province is one of the regions having various metal industries in lead and zinc is facing the problem as the risk of toxic metal pollution. The studies show that the rate of many elements such as lead, zinc, cadmium and arsenic, are higher than allowed limit in comparison with international standards such as EPA-WHO; and these anomalies are directly connected with the leach cakes abandoned around the factories of the region and also with the move of dust resulted of dry wastes and the industrial chimneys. The incompliance of the rate of the elements presented in eater and soil of the region with the international standards brings this question in mind that which types of effects would have this environmental abnormality on the physiology of animals and plants of the region. The rate of heavy elements in the blood of animals represents that their blood are contaminated with these elements too and the most amounts of this contamination is related to cadmium and arsenic. In some cases, the rate of these elements reaches up to 10 times more than in the clean areas. This means a hazard that can put the health of cattle of region in difficulties. In order to prove this matter and as an evidence, some samples of cattle wool and hair were obtained and all of them confirmed the rate of contamination of lead, arsenic and cadmium in the body of the animals. Lead and cadmium level which is 4-8 times more than allowed limit were seen in wool of sheep more that the caws, but the rate of arsenic was more in the caws hairs. The measured plant samples also showed similar effects, and because the studied plants and the cattle both are of the human nutritional needs, it should be thought to solve this problem. Alongside these issues, it is considered the psychological aspect and the change of living system of the habitants. The realized research expressing the rate of anomalies and the amount of lead, cadmium and arsenic in blood, hair and food plants of the study region shows that the metal industries, especially of the lead and zinc, have left harmful effects on cattle and plants of the region.

In the primal stages of Uranium exploration, the main stage is to use the airborne geophysics data taken by means of flights of airplanes containing gamma ray detectors.  In this study by airborne radiometric data interpretation collected from Bandar - Anzali 1:25 0,000 sheet situated in North of Iran expectation areas for uranium were recognized. The results of these acquisitions are the digital data and contour maps of radiometry. Attention to distribution of Uranium element in the earth crust and study of these maps, the main parts of first stage of Uranium exploration are the factors and methods of separation of boundaries and hot points of anomaly from background parts. In this paper, in the first method, separation of anomaly values have been performed by means of classical statistics, the tables of frequency distribution of Uranium have been designed, and then the frequency distribution histograms that are introducer of distribution and dispersion of Uranium have been plotted. After plotting frequency distribution histograms, the statistical parameters of these elements have estimated. Then separation of anomaly value has done on the base of dispersion around the average.

This study tries to calculate the probability of flooding with definite frequency in Chalus drainage basin. Then the correlations between flood Debi and morph metric variables of the said basin will be calculated on the basis of selection of an appropriate statistical distribution for the calculation and prediction of in terms of  mathematical models. Based on these studies, Pearson logarithmic distribution function type 3 was found to be the most appropriate statistical distribution function of the region for the statistical data of the basin stations and the calculation of maximum flood in Chalus drainage basin. A statistical significant differences were found between different morph metric parameters of the basin  such as area  of sub-basin , length of drains, density of drains , slope of sub-basin and frequency of  drains on the one hand ,and maximum Debi of flood in the basin in terms of linear and non-linear models ,on the other . These can play a significant role in the calculation and prediction of flood in each sub-basin of Chalus basin.

The Veshnoveh area situated south of Qom in Orumieh - Dokhtar volcanic zone. The Veshnoveh volcani rocks show compositional variety from olivine basalt, basaltic Andesite and mega porphyry Andesite. These rocks belong to the tholeiite magmatic series. The study of range of the incompatible elements pattern and compare with the crustal range and incompatible elements ratios show that the basalts have been concerned to intra - continental rift magmatic which are contamination with continental crust.

Hot springs in the study area between the city of Ramsar of Mazandaran province and city Tonekabon Chaboksr of Gilan province is located. The hot springs Outcrops in the limestone rock units - Upper Triassic dolomite - Middle Jurassic, Dolomite Elika Triassic and sand Quaternary. To determine the amount of pollution geochemical hot springs Ramsar 9 sample water to determine the concentration of 72 element and ancillary carefully ppb by machine ICP-MS Laboratory ACME Canada took. study primary Medical Geology hot springs Ramsar Considering the importance risks quantities too elements dangerous in this study, after measuring samples of water nine hot springs comparing values obtained with international standards determined that account element Fe, Hg, Mn, Na, U, Al, As, B, Cl-declared to international standards over the limit is.