Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:18 | Issue:11|Papers Count:10

Background: Related reviews reveal that the impact of obestatin (with or without exercise) on the level of ghrelin has not been investigated. The present study investigates the possible effect of intraperitoneally (IP) -administrated obestatin and short-term exercise on serum acyl-ghrelin and body weight in rats.Methods: In present experimental study forty-five male rats weighing 1005 g were divided into five groups; Group 1: control group was normally reared, and did not receive any injections or exercise. Group 2 (placebo) was treated with basal solution (50mLdistilled water). Group 3 was referred to as obestatin group which was subjected to double-injection during the test with obestatin (10g obestatin/ rat). Group 4 was known as treadmill group whichwassubjected to treadmill exercise. Finally, group 5, knownas obestatin /treadmill group (OT), wassubjected to injection with obestatin and treadmill exercise. The exercise groups were trained for 3 weeks (run at 25 m/min for 60 minutes, 5 days/week).The data were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.Results: Twomain parameters include body weight gain and serum acyl-ghrelin was assayed. The results indicate that body weight and ghrelin level in obestatin and OT groups did not significant changes compared with the control group (P<0.001). However, treadmill group had less ghrelin level was different significantly from control group (P<0.0001). Also, the treadmill group had the least weight gain (P<0.0001).Conclusions: It was found that whereas short-term treadmill exercise significantly reduces serum acyl-ghrelin, IP-administration of obestatin had no significant impact on serum acyl-ghrelin and final body weight. The short-term treadmill exercise reduced weight gain rate. The results of the study indicated that the combination of obestatin injection and treadmill exercise had no significant impact on the measured variables.

Background: Nowadays, through the previous researches, it has become clear that Salvia has important health benefits. Salvia chorassanicais one of the valuable native Iranian species which only grows in Khorasan province, Iran.Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Salvia chorassanica root aqueous, ethanolic and hydro alcoholic extracts onStaphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli.Methods: In this experimental study, maceration method was used to prepare extracts. Study setup was conducted in March 2014.The duration of study setup took for two months. The micro dilution method by ELISA was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of aqueous, ethanolic and hydro alcoholic extracts of root ofSalvia chorassanica against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. The antibacterial effect also was evaluated using agar diffusion method. The inhibition zones of growth against the extracts were measured in comparison to standards antibiotics. Chloramphenicol as positive control onEnterococcus faecalis, Tetracycline on Staphylococcus aureus, Gentamicin on Escherichia coli and Neomycin on Salmonella typhimurium. The data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 16.Results: The highest inhibition zone in diffusionmethod was related to ethanolic extract of Salvia chorassanica root against Grampositive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The calculated MIC in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of root for Staphylococcus aureuswas 240 and 120 mg/mL, for Enterococcus faecalis was 120 and 60mg/mLrespectively, and for Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimuriumwas equal to 240 mg/mL. The amount in hydro alcoholic extracts for Gram-positive bacteria was 60 mg/mL and for Gram-negative bacteria was 120 mg/mL. The extract ofSalvia chorassanica root was showed acceptable antimicrobial effect against studied bacteria.Conclusions: The results of the disk agar diffusion and micro dilution showed the highest inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria was related to ethanolic and hydro alcoholic extracts of rootSalvia chorassanica. It was also observed that the Gram-positive bacteria compared to the Gram- negative bacteria, have greater sensitivity against different extracts ofSalvia chorassanica.

Background: Thioacetamide causes lipid and kidney dysfunction.Omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids prevent the progression of renal diseases.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the protective effects of omega-3 fish oil supplement on thioacetamide induced lipid and kidney dysfunction in male rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male rats were divided into 6 groups of 7: control group sham group which received 0.4 mL olive oil as a solvent, Thioacetamide group receiving thioacetamide at a dose of 150 mg/kg once as intraperitoneal injection, Experimental groups of 1, 2 and 3 which received omega-3 fish oil supplement at the doses of 100, 200, 300 mg/kg orally for 3 months respectively and then they received thioacetamide at the dose of 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally for once. The levels of serum creatinine, BUN, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, FBS, triglyceride, sodium and potassium were measured. The pathological changes of tissue samples of the kidneys were studied after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software and using one way ANOVA and Tukey as post hoc test. Significant level was considered to be P<0.05.Results: The mean serum levels of potassium in the second experimental group significantly decreased (5.260.02) compared to the group receiving thioacetamide (6.50 0). The mean serum sodium in all experimental groups decreased significantly compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. The mean serum levels of total cholesterol in experimental group 3 (66.80 1.46) significantly decreased compared to the group receiving thioacetamide (84 0.57). No significant changes were observed in the mean serum levels of FBS, BUN, HDL, LDL, triglycerides and creatinine in all experimental groups compared to the group receiving thioacetamide. All the experimental groups improved renal histological changes induced by thioacetamide and these protective effects were dose-dependent (P0.05).Conclusions: The results of this study showed the protective effect of omega-3 fish oil supplement against thioacetamide induced lipid and renal dysfunction in male rats.

Background: In this study, in vitro prebiotic effects of Jerusalem artichoke poly-fructans on the survivability and activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Escherichia coli were investigated and compared with HP-Inulin (a high molecular-weight fraction of chicoryderived inulin).Objectives: The prebiotic potential of poly-fructans extracted from native Jerusalem artichoke tubers on the survivability of B. bifidum andE. coli was evaluated in this study.Methods: In this experimental study, 24 treatments divided to 2 groups (Extracted poly-fructose from Jerusalem artichoke tubers and standard inulin) randomly. The turbidity and pH variations during 48 hours incubation were determined using final concentrations of each group (0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% (w/v)). The data were analyzed by MINITAB 14 and MSTATC statistical software, one way ANOVA and Duncan’s test.Results: This study suggests that Jerusalem artichoke tuber fructooligosaccharides (JA-Fr) had the potential to be used as a prebiotic component. The growth ofB. bifidum improved significantly in the presence of Jerusalem artichoke fructanscomparedto the control.There was no significant differences (P<0.05) inBifidobacterium population in different concentrations of Jerusalem artichoke polyfructans, but the population was significantly higher than the count in the presence of HP-inulin. The pH decreased in both media during 48 hours incubation time. Specific rate of growth and doubling time determined forE. coli demonstrated that the efficacy of various carbon sources in stimulating bacterial growth were influenced by the concentration and DP (degree of polymerization) of fructan chains in the media.Conclusions: Jerusalem artichoke fructooligosaccharides can provide the greater stability of probiotics and acid production, so it can be considered as a potential source of high-yielding oligosaccharide for commercial prebiotic production to develop food industry and improve host health.

Background: Violent poisoning by cadmium in human is created through drinks or meals which have packed in the metallic tins withcadmiumplating. Thesymptomsof variation in the mineral metabolism of bones are observed and different conditionsmaybe appeared. The toxic (poisonous) effect due to cadmium can be neutralized by intervening zinc. This study has been designed to investigate the protective effects of zinc for reducing the poisonous effects due to cadmium on the metabolism in the parameters related to the bone in rat.Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rats of wistar species were distributed in eight experimental groups and tested in the investigative lab of Falavarjan university. These groups were received 0.5 cc physiological serum, 0.5 mg/kg Zinc, 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg Cadmium respectively and some groups were included in those were taken all there cadmium and zinc concentrations synchronously.Blood samples were taken in a 60 days period and those factors related to the bone metabolism were measured. The data were analyzed by 2-ANOVAWays, complementary tests through software SPSS 16.Results: The results showed that 0.5, 1, 2 mg/kg doses cadmium chloride caused to increase alkaline Phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and decrease albumin as compared with control group. Also, synchronous usage of all threecadmiumchloride concentrations with zinc cause to decrease alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and increase albumin concentration.In a word, the other bone parameters have been significant in different cadmium and zinc doses (P<0.05).Conclusions: Findings showed that zinc can play a protective role on the metabolism parameters related to bone against to poisoning caused by cadmium.

Background: Past history indicates that plants were served as an important source of medicine. Otherwise, in developing countries people use medicinal plants against infectious disease because they cannot afford expensive drugs. Due to increasing rate of drugresistant diseases, there is an urgent need to detect novel antimicrobial compounds from medicinal plants.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to determine Antimicrobial activity of Ephedra pachyclada methanol extract on some enteric Gram-negative bacteria which causes nosocomial infections by agar dilution method.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, in order to examine the antimicrobial effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on intestinal Gram-negative bacteria, we exposed them to 0/128, 0/25, 0/5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/mL of the extract.Ephedra pachyclada was collected from Jiroft Heights and methanolic extract was prepared with maceration method, during which, 50 gr powder ofEphedra pachyclada was dissolved in 300 mL of 80% methanol.Results: In this study, the antibacterial effects of Ephedra pachyclada extract on Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli(PTCC-O157), Escherichia coli (ATCC-25922), Klebsiella pnemoniae, Serratia marcescens was investigated, defining theminimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) by agar dilutionmethod. It has been demonstrated that methanolic extract ofEphedra pachycladaaffect intestinal Gram-negative bacteria.Conclusions: The result showed that, Ephedra pachyclada extract has effective antimicrobial ingredients which are cheap and readily available. It can be used for medicinal purposes in the production of antimicrobial drug.

Background: This study evaluated the brine shrimp larvae toxicity and enzymes inhibitory especially anti-diabetic potential of Caloplaca biatorinavia in vitro inhibition of-amylase and-glucosidase using the methanol extracts. Also aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase enzymes inhibitory, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activities of the species were determined.Methods: In this experimental study, different concentrations of the extracts (0.2, 5.0, 1 and 1.5 mg/mL) were incubated with enzyme substrate solutionandthe percentage of enzymeinhibitory activityandIC50 wascalculated. Folin- Ciocalteu reagentandaluminium chloride colorimetric methods were used to estimate total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts. The toxicity of the extract was assessed using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. High-performance liquid chromatography and Thin-layer chromatography analysis were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS V.21 software.Results: Parietin, Emodin, 1, 8-Dihydroxy-3- (hydroxymethyl) -6- methoxy-9.10-anthracenedione and Rhein were identified. The extract showed strong-glucosidase, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities with IC50 value of 17.12, 40.09 and 11.02mg/mL respectively. Also methanol extract displayed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging and brine shrimp toxicity (IC50= 91.11) properties.Conclusions: The result obtained suggests that the C. biatorina extract can be classified as non-toxic. Also, it revealed the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the lichen.

Background: Resistance to various classes of antibiotics iscommonamong extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) -producing bacteria.Objectives: To determine the antibiotic resistance pattern of ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from Zahedan.Methods: In this sectional-descriptive study, susceptibility of 51 ESBLs-producing K. pneumoniae isolates to 18 antimicrobial agents was determined.Results: All isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, cefpodoxime and amoxicillin as well as susceptible to colistin sulfate. Also, most isolates were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and aztreonam.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that the rate of resistance to beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in ESBLs-producingK. pneumoniae isolates is high in Zahedan.

Background: Flavonoids have been reported as mammalian alpha-amylase inhibitors, a property which could be useful in the management of postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes and its related disorders.Objectives: In the present study the inhibitory effect of aspalathin as a flavonoid on alpha amylase activity and levels of sugar and lipids in rats, has been investigated.Methods: In this experimental study, type inhibition of aspalatin on amylase and in the part of in vivo, the effect of aspalathin orally doses 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg body weight on sugar and lipids levels was tested in a streptozotocin-induced model of diabetes and normal rats. The data were analyzed by one-sample Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Levene and ANOVA tests through SPSS version 22.Results: The results showed that aspalathin is a competitive inhibitor for alpha amylase with Ki=37.0 M. In both diabetic and normal groups in all doses nearly dose dependent manner reduced blood glucose levels and beneficial effect on dyslipidemia were observed in diabetic rats, as well as reduction of disturbing consequences of diabetes such as high urine volume and water intake.Aspalathin was observed to have a weight loss-inductive effect, alongside with a reduction in food intake.Conclusions: It seems that, this compound could be proposed as an antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agent in diabetes and potential therapeutic in obesity.

Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid or ascorbate) is a biomolecule that participates in many biochemical processes. It is an essential nutrient for humans, however, in some species such as rodents and guinea pigs is synthesized. It has a variety of functions in the body that we might venture to say make it a very important antioxidant nature and pro-oxidant. L-ascorbic acidic a reduced form of vitamin C and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) is the oxidized form of ascorbate, both L-ascorbic acid and dihydroascorbic acid retain the vitamin C activity. Dehydro-ascorbate is reconverted to ascorbate in the cytosol by cytochrome b reductase and thioredoxin reductase in reactions involving NADH and NADPH, respectively. Ascorbate is transported into the cell via the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCTs), which causes accumulation of ascorbate within cells against a concentration gradient. Dehydroascorbic acid, the oxidized form of ascorbate, is transported via glucose transporters family (GLUTs). The highest concentrations of ascorbate in the body are found in brain and adrenal gland. Vitamin C also acts as a co-factor in several enzyme reactions. This vitamin is an essential biochemical factor in the reproductive process. The pharmacophore of vitamin C is the ascorbate, ascorbate is an antioxidant.Ascorbate is a neuromodulator of glutamatergic and dopaminergic system and related behaviors. It also improves components of theimmunesystem. Given the wide role of ascorbate, further investigation is necessary to evaluate the exact mechanism (s) underlying these effects. In this review we will consider a short overview of the characteristics and function of vitamin C (relying on antioxidant function) in various tissues.