JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2012 | Volume:4 | Issue:16|Papers Count:14

Field experiment was conducted to study the interaction methanol foliar application and drought stress on soybean yield in 2008 in Maahdasht (Karaj, Iran). Three levels of irrigation (after 40, 60 and 70% depletion of available water) and 4 doses of methanol (0, 14, 21 and 28% of percentage volume of methanol to 0.2% glycine in each solution factor in a split plot arrange of treatment with four replication. 3 times spray was applied by time period of 14 days on plants foliage. Grain yield, oil and protein percentage were measured. Results of the experiment indicated that there was a significant difference between irrigation levels, methanol doses and interaction effects. Treatment of T1M3 (40% available water and 21% of methanol) had the highest yield with the 2890.5 kg/ha grain. Treatment T3M1 (70% available water and 14% of methanol) with 1384.5 kg/ha grain was at the least of yield level. The most protein and oil yield with 1112.11 and 639.06 kg/ha was for treatment of T1M3 and least protein and oil yield with 473.59 and 262.88 kg/ha was for treatment T3M1.

To study the effect of sowing time on yield and yield components of mung bean genotypes an investigation was carried out during 2007 in Dezful region in complete randomized block design with four replications. Mung bean genotypes were in four levels (V1) VC3-960-8, (V2) NM92, (V3) Gohar and V4 (CN-9-3) and also sowing times were in tree levels (D1) 22 June, (D2) 6 July and (D3) 22 July 2007. Results of mean comparisons showed that the first sowing date (D1) obtained the highest grain yield (2019.7 kg/ha) and biological yield (5286.6 kg/ha) and pods in plant (23) respectively. Results also showed highest thousand kernel weight (60g), number of seeds in pod (10) and harvest index (41%) were obtained in (D3). Further study of the genotypes effects and comparisons of the mean difference of traits showed the highest number of pods in plant (34), number of seeds in pod (12), pod length (9.1 cm), plant height (89.6 cm), grain yield (2362.2 kg/ha), biological yield (6489 kg/ha) obtained in NM92 genotype. NM92 genotype variety yielded a better performance than other genotypes. Results of interaction effects of sowing date and genotypes showed that D1V2 treatment with 2662.2 kg/ha grain yield and 36 pods per plant were the most appropriate. D1V3 treatment with 13 seeds in pod was the best treatments. The overall conclusion being that the first planting date (D1) and NM92 (V2) genotype are better than other genotypes for cultivation of mung bean in Dezful region.

To evaluate the planting date effect on yield and yield components of cotton cultivars named Varamin, Oltan and Meher in Miyaneh climate condition, an experiment was carried out as factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Planting dates were 29 April, 19 May, 9 June 2008. The traits including plant height, boll number per plant, ripe boll during number per plant, seed number per boll, 100- seed weight, biological and cork yield, harvest index, oil ratio, fiber weight and fiber length were measured. The results that indicated planting date effect were significant in all traits except fiber length and seed number per boll. Also, interaction between cultivar and planting date was significant in terms of biological yield, fiber weight, harvest index, yield. All traits except plant height were influenced by cultivars. Meher cork yield the highest (3733 kg/ha) and the lowest (537 kg/ha) amount was in varamin in the third planting date, respectively. The highest oil ratio in seed was in Meher (16.27%) and the lowest was in varamin (13.86%). The first and third planting dates had the highest (20.6%) and lowest (10.4%) oil ratio, respectively. According to the mentioned cases Meher is the best case for planting in this studied area according to the date of planting in early April.

To study the effect of zinc and iron foliar application on yield and yield components of soybean an experiment was carried out in factorial based on complete randomized design (CRD) with four replications in the research fields of Islamic Azad University- Karaj branch in 2009. Foliar treatment was included three levels Iron (non foliar, once foliar, twice foliar) and three levels Zinc (non foliar, once foliar, twice foliar). Results indicated that iron foliar did not have significant difference on soybean yield. Interaction between iron and zinc showed that the total of traits were not of significant difference. Results indicated that effect of twice foliar zinc had significant differences on yield and yield components and seed yield increased as compared with control (example or non foliar) about 1276 kilogram in hectare. also zinc once of foliar indicated significant differences of soybean yield increased as compared with control (example or non foliar) about 607 kilogram in hectare. Also results indicated zinc to twice foliar caused significant increase of seed dry matter that this increase in zinc twice foliar treatment was 95 percent more than none foliar treatment. This experiment results indicated that zinc foliar could increase the soybean yield.

Intercropping of two or more plants creates a plant community that may take advantage of the limited resources which are needed to improve product quality and quantity. In order to investigate the study of grain yield of corn and sunflower in different ratios of intercropping, the experiment was conducted randomized complete blocks design with four replications in Khoy Agricultural and Natural Research Resources in 2009. The experimented treatments were, m1 (pure cropping of sunflower), m2 (50 percent of sunflower + 50 percent of corn of intercropping), m3 (25 percent of sunflower + 75 percent of corn of intercropping), m4 (75 percent of sunflower + 25 percent of corn of intercropping) and m5 (pure cropping of corn). The result showed that the stem diameter, seed yield and biological yield of maize and stem diameter, seed yield and biological yield significantly were affected by intercropping. The highest intercropping treatment was related to m3 (25 percent of intercropping of sunflower + 75 percent maize), respectively. The plant stem was not affected by none of the ratios of different intercropping. Sunflower planting mix of 10.6 percent in m3 (25 percent of sunflower + 75 percent of corn of intercropping) and 23 percent reduction of corn yield compared to m3 (25 percent of sunflower + 75 percent of corn of intercropping) were related to pure culture. To assess the intercropping indicators of land equivalent ratio and relative total value were calculated. The highest rate belonged to 2.1 and 2.6 treatment m3 (25 percent of intercropping of sunflower + 75 percent maize). Thus this combination of economic mix is recommended.

To evaluate the effects of micronutrient with biofertilizer (Biosuper) on yield and some characteristics of three cultivars of winter wheat, an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with four replicates at Research Station of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch, in 2009-2010. Treatments were cultivars of winter wheat with 3 levels (Sardari, Atila, Azar), micronutrient (manganese, boron, iron and control), and Biosuper with two levels (applied and non-applied).The results showed that the interaction of biofertilizer and micronutrient on grain yield and number of fertile tiller at level 1 and 5 percent respectively, were significant and effect of wheat cultivars on harvest index, plant height and shoot dry weight at 1 percent probability level was significant. Results of mean comparisons showed that the highest grain yield belonged to biofertilizer and manganese and the lowest was not related to fertilizer. The highest number of spikelet was by using biofertilizer in Atila. The most fertile tillers associated with the biofertilizer boron and the lowest was the lack of fertilizer.

In this research cytogenetical and agricultural characteristic of H. tuberosus and H. annuus including chromosomal morphology‚ shape‚ size‚ number of satellite chromosomes were studied. In caryotypic analysis of H. tuberosus it showed that this species with genome formula of 2n = 6x = 102 is a hexaploid. In this species the average length of haploid chromosome set was 230.415±3.311 (m). The biggest chromosome with the length of 5.767±0.019 (m) and relative length of 2.503±0.008 % was determined as sub acrocentric. The smallest chromosome was metacentric with the length of 3.48±0.032 (m). Out of 51 pairs of chromosomes 34 were identified as metacentric‚ 14 Pairs sub metacentric and 3 pairs sub acrocentric. Among them 3 pairs of satellite chromosomes were observed. The biggest arm ratio index was obtained for chromosome number of 33‚ 3.265±0.327 (m). The caryotypic analysis of H. annuus showed that it was a diploid species 2n = 2x = 34. Average length of haploid chromosome set was 75.682±2.995 (m). The chromosome number 1 had the biggest length 6.033±0.341 (m) with the relative length of 7.939±0.285 % and was metacentric. The smallest chromosome was sub metacentric with the length of 3.563±0.208 (m). Out of 17 pairs of chromosomes‚ 11 pairs were metacentric‚ 2 pairs sub metacentric and 4 pairs were sub acrocentric. Among them 2 pairs of satellite were observed. In the study of arm ratio index‚ the biggest arm ratio index was obtained for chromosome 15‚ 5.634±0.544 and was sub acrocentric. The caryotypic analysis of these two species showed that there were some differences in the chromosomes morphology‚ number and kind of metacentric‚ sub metacentric and sub acrocentric‚ number of satellite‚ arm ratio index and chromosomal formula.

To study the nitrogen effects and plant residues management on the yield of rice ratoon, Tarom Hashemi rice, an experiment was performed in the research farm of Islamic Azad university of Chalus in 2010. The experiment was performed as a split plot design based on completely randomized blocks design with four replications. In this experiment nitrogen fertilizer rate was considered as the main factor in four levels (0,60,120,180 kg N ha-1) and plant residues management was considered as the secondary factor in three levels (standing with 40 cm height, lodging stubble with 40 cm height and ground cutting). Results showed that nitrogen fertilizer rates had significant effects on grain, straw, biologic yield and the number of cluster per square meter, numbers of tiller, numbers of effective tiller, and the stem height. Highest rate of grain yield included 290 g/m2 that were related to the use of 180 kg of nitrogen per hectare. Grain yield had a significant and positive correlation coefficient with the number of tillers in mass and the number of fertilized tillers in mass at the 1% probability level. And grain yield had a significant and positive correlation with the number of cluster per square meter at 5% probability level. Moreover, despite the fact that the rates of fertilizers used are statistically in the same level, but using 60 kg nitrogen per hectare is recommended. Plant residues management method did not have any significant effect on the yield of ratoon grain.

To assess the different rates of nitrogen and plant density on quantitative and qualitative yield of rapeseed (Hyola 401) an experiment was conducted as strip split-plot design in the form of randomized completely block in four replications at Sari province in 2009. Treatments were plant density at three levels (20, 100 and 120) plant per square meter and nitrogen rates at four levels (0, 34.5, 69 and 103.5 Kg per hectare). Statistical analysis showed that different rates of plant density had the significant effect on seed yield, number of pods per plant, number of lateral branches, stem diameter, seed protein and 1000-seed weight, while, number of seeds per pod, plant height and oil percentage were not affected by this treatment. Increasment of nitrogen rates had the additive effect on all of the traits except oil percentage, but increasement of plant density caused the decline of number of lateral branches, stem diameter and seed protein. The uppermost amount of seed yield (4012 Kg per hectare) was seen in 120 plants per square meter and 103/5 Kg per hectare nitrogen.

To evaluate the effects of plant density and distance between rows on the yield and yield components of pinto bean an experiment was conducted in Ghezelje region; 5 Km south-west of Salmas city in 2010. The experiment was carried out using factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two factors. The first factor, plant density in three levels (20, 30 and 40 plants in m2) and the second factor distances between rows in four levels (30, 40, 50 and 60 cm) were considered. The results showed that the effect of plant density on plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield per plant and grain yield in m2 were significant. The maximum grain yield in m2 was obtained from plant density of 40 plants in m2. The effect of distance between rows on plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant, number of pods per plant, grain yield per plant and grain yield in m2 were significant. The maximum grain yield in m2 was obtained from distance between rows of 60 cm. the interaction effect of plant density and distance between rows on grain yield in m2 was significant. The maximum grain yield in m2 (237.8 gr. M2) was obtained from plant density of 40 plants in m2 and distance between rows 30 cm. therefore, this treatment was recommended at the best cropping pattern in this experiment.