JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2012 | Volume:5 | Issue:17|Papers Count:10

To study the effect of planting date (at the second cropping) sunflower on yield and its components a split plot design based on complete randomized block design with 3 replications an experiment was carried out in W. Islamabad Research Station in 2010. Planting dates consisting 10th, 26th June and 11th July and new hybrids consisting CMS 19´R43, SHF-81-85, SHF-81-90 and Allstar was located as main plots and subplots, respectively. Analysis of variance showed traits leaf area index, head diameter, head seed number, thousand seeds weight, seed yield, oil percent and oil yield at different planting date’s hade a significant difference. Hybrids considered for traits such as leaf area index, head diameter, head seed number, thousand seeds weight and oil yield showed a significant difference. Leaf area index, head diameter, thousand seeds weight, seed yield, oil percentage and oil yield in the first planting date (10th June) and the third planting date (11th July) showed the highest and lowest rates, respectively. First and third planting dates with 4244.7 kg/h and 2978 kg/ha, respectively, had highest and lowest of seed yield amounts. Interaction effects of the planting date ´ genotype were different significantly for head diameter, thousand seeds weight and oil yield. CMS 19´R43 and SHF-81-90 hybrids in the first planting date with 1817 and 1795 kg/ha showed greatest oil seed yield. We conclude that the first planting date due to the all traits is the best planting date.

To evaluate the planting date effects on yield and its components of new promising bread wheat genotypes, a field study was conducted using a split plot model based on RCBD with 3 replications during 87-88 (2008-09) cropping period. Planting dates (Sep.12, Nov. 1 and Nov. 21) and genotypes (Soissons, Gascogene, Alvand, Mahdavi, Zarrin, Marvdasht, Toos, Shiraz, Pishtaz, Kavir, M-79-7 (Bahar), M-81-13, MV17, C-81-14 and C-82-12) were arranged as main and sub plots, respectively. Variance analysis results showed that the planting date effect was significant for plant height, biologic yield, physiologic maturity, days to heading, 1000-seed weight at 1% level and for grain yield and harvest index at 5% level. The highest and lowest grain yield obtained from the second and third planting date with 9617 and 7588 kg/ha, respectively. Genotypes were significantly different for all recorded traits. The Highest (9617 kg/ha) and lowest (7588 kg/ha) grain yields produced by Marvdasht and Shiraz cv.

To evaluate genetic variation for spike related traits of 30 bread wheat genotypes; an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009-10 cropping seasons at the Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch. Based on consequences of variance analysis, there were meaningful differences at 1% probability level among the studied genotypes for all of the measured traits except, number of days to heading, number of spike per plant and grain yield per plant; that indicated the existence of sizable diversity among genotypes used in this research. The results of descriptive statistic parameters revealed that the majority of the traits especially; awn length, peduncle length, number of infertile floret per spikelet, grain number of main spike, spike weight and grain weight of main spike had the greatest diversity coefficients. Cluster analysis based on all of the measured traits, divided the genotypes into three groups. There were significant differences as far as majority of the traits and the third group was chosen as the favorable group, genotypes in this group (Marvdasht, Azadi, Tajan and Zarrin) were selected as the superior genotypes from the viewpoint of yield components and spike related traits.

To investigate the effect of plant population and row spacing on yield and yield components at soybean cultivar L17, an experiment was carried out in Saatloo Agricultural Research Station of Uremia during 2010. A factorial experiment in the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted. In this study, plant population factor was considered in 4 levels 20, 30, 40 and 50 plants in m2 and row spacing 30, 40 and 50 cm was tested in 3 levels. The results showed that levels of plant population on plant height, number of sub branches, 100-seed weight, seeds per plant, plant dry weight, seed yield and harvest index were significant. With increasing of plant population, seed yield was increased from 1743 Kg in hectare, in population of 20 plants in m2, to 2272 Kg in hectare in population of 30 plants in m2 treatment and then decreased. Row spacing also had significant effects on all of characters expect number of sub branches. The highest yield with average of 2291 Kg in hectare belonged to 30 cm row spacing that showed increased 798 Kg in hectare to 50 cm row spacing treatments. Two-factor interaction effects on seed number in plant, plant dry weight and seed yield were significant. The lowest seed yield average with 1072 Kg in hectare belonged to population of 50 plants in m2 at a 50 cm of row spacing and the highest of seed yield belonged to population of 40 plants in m2 with row spacing of 30 cm with an average of 2815 Kg in hectare.

To evaluate the effect of date and density of sowing on yield and yield components of (Pisum sativum L.) Rondo variety as second crop, an experiment was conducted in research fields of agriculture faculty at Islamic Azad University in Tabriz branch as spilt plot design in complete randomized blocks in three replications in 2010. The main factor consisted of 4 levels of sowing date (12 and 22 of July, 1 and 11 of August). The secondary factor consisted of sowing density (40, 20, 13.33 and 10 plants per m2). According to the results, sowing on 22nd of July and density of 20 plants per m2 obtained the highest stalk by 84 cm. Sowing date on 22nd of July and density of 10 plants per m2 had the lowest height by 62.3 cm. The highest number of pod per plant with 20.93 had brought on 22 July sowing date and the density of 10 plants per m2. The highest green yield 925.5 gr/m2 was obtained in sowing date on 22 July and 785.9 gr/m2 by density of 20 plants per m2 respectively. The highest number of seed per plant with 149.3 was produced on 22 July sowing date and the density of 10 plants per m2. Number of main branch and secondary branch was higher than the density of 10 plants per m2. The highest number of pods per m2 was obtained in sowing date on 22 July by density of 40 plants per m2 respectively. 100-seed weight was higher by density of 13.33 and 10 plants per m2 with 23.98 g. According to the results, on 22 July and density of 20 plants per m2 can be the best date and density for cultivation. By delaying the date of sowing, the plant dry yield is reduced. The highest dry yield 274.4 g/m2 was obtained on 22 July. The highest dry yield by 230.3 g/m2 was produced by plant density of 20 plants per m2.

To investigate the effects of urea fertilizer and Nytroksyn biofertilizer and iron, zinc and boron micronutrients on the agronomic traits, yield and its components of sunflower var. NSH45, an experiment was conducted during 2010 at Goharan village of Khoy city. This experiment was done in randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications. In this study, treatments were 100% of inorganic N, 50% of inorganic N + 50% of biologic N, 25% of inorganic N + 75% of biologic N, 100% of biologic N, 100% of inorganic N + soil application of micronutrients, 50% of inorganic N + 50% of biologic N + soil application of micronutrients, 25% of inorganic N + 75% of biologic N + soil application of micronutrients, 100% of biologic N + soil application of micronutrients, 100% of inorganic N + sprayed application of micronutrients, 50% of inorganic N + 50% of biologic N + sprayed application of micronutrients, 25% of inorganic N + 75% of biologic N + sprayed application of micronutrients and 100% of biologic N + sprayed application of micronutrients. Amount of inorganic and biologic N application was 200 kg and 1 lit in hectare, respectively. Results showed that the fertilizer was significantly effective on stem diameter, head diameter, hallow seed percentage, 1000- seed weight and seed yield characters and was not significantly effective on the stem height and number of full seeds in capitula. The highest and lowest seed yield with average of 3453 and 2535 kg/ha was obtained in 100% of inorganic N + spray micronutrients and using of 100% biological nitrogen treatments, respectively.

Using drought and salinity tolerance indices for the identification of sugar beet breeding populations, three trials were laid out in Karaj based on randomized complete blocks design with 10 populations and two controls with three replications under normal, drought and salinity conditions. The electronical conductivity of soil was measured 18 mmohs/cm2 in saline conditions in 30cm depth. The non-stress plots consisted of irrigation regimes (50-55% Field Capacity) and in the drought stress conditions with 85-90% depleted available water (wilting point). Statistical indices such as stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), geometrical mean productivity (GMP) and harmonic mean (HM), were used for white sugar yield at two stress conditions. The correlation coefficients resulted a high relation for white sugar yield between STI, HM, GMP and MP indices at drought stress conditions. The high correlation coefficients were estimated for SSI and STI (p£0.01) with the other indices in salinity conditions. The improved genotypes with high yields in stress conditions, recognized by drought tolerance indices. The second generations of populations BP-Mashhad and BP-Karaj were identified as genotypes with high potential for white sugar yield in drought conditions, and for salinity stress the third generation of 8001 and the second generation of BP-Karaj were tolerant. Population 191 showed the lowest yield in both stress conditions but the highest performance in non-stress.

Today identification of the economical traits manner of inheritance and level of being affected by environment is one of the problems of the improvers of the plants. For doing so, a test of dispersed generation’s results was conducted for obtaining further evidences of cultivar or special plants improvement behavior. Because of insufficient seeds, conduction of duplication experiment with experiment design was impossible. So, experiment design was not employed and experiment plot was considered is uniform. In this relation, in order to study the manner of heritance of morphologic and phonologic traits, effective on yield and their relationship with yield of line FM36, a research was conducted in cultivating year of 2009 (middle of March) in the field of Kashan research, laboratory and biotechnology institute as a random and uniform design. Morphologic diversity in two parents F2 wheat generation with contrary morphologic traits, the manner of the inheritance of some traits was studied and evaluation of genetics variance and the general inheritance capacity of experimental traits in the field and laboratory were conducted. The results showed that hair like glum and spring cultivar traits are controlled with recessive gene by independent inheritance. But ear density is controlled by more than one gene. Estimation of the general inheritance of the quantitative traits showed that traits like the height of the bush, the length of the ears, straw yield in the bush, the yield of the grain in the bush, number of the claws, dry matter produced in the bush and harvest index had the highest general inheritance capacity and number of the spikelet in the ears, number of days till appearance of the ears, number of days till physiologic growth had average general inheritance capacity and ear density had low inheritance capacity.

To study the effect of potassium and zinc sulphate application under drought stress condition a split plot factorial experiment based on randomized completed blocks design with three replications was conducted in Dehloran, Ilam province, during (2011- 2012). Experimental factor consisted of irrigation levels including: normal irrigation, irrigation holding in flowering stage and irrigation holding two weeks after flowering in main plots. Potassium and zinc sulphate levels including (0, 90 and 180 kg/ha) and (0, 15 and 30 kg/ha) respectively were allocated in sub plots. The results of analysis of variances showed that the simple effect of experimental treatments had significant effect on all of traits except harvest index. The double and triple interaction between experimental factors had not significant effect on traits except of the flowering branch in main and lateral stems. Results showed that potassium and zinc application had positive and increasing effect on traits and with potassium and zinc increasing yield and yield components better effect was demonstrated. Finally, we concluded that potassium and zinc application decreased the effect of drought stress and zinc application decreased the effect of drought stress. Therefore, using of 180 kg/ha potassium and 30 kg/ha zinc sulphate are advised for the highest yield.

For investigating the effect of seedling age and genotype on agronomic characteristics and grain yield of rice cultivars this experiment was conducted in experimental research field of climatology station in Guilan province- Rasht in 2012. The Experiment was arranged as split plot in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and four replications. Three cultivars of rice (Hashemi, Dorfak and Gohar hybrid) and four seedling stage of them were as the main and sub-plot in this research, respectively. According to the result, the highest final stem length was in Hashemi and there was no significant difference between Dorfak and Hybrid cultivars. The highest tiller 15.1 tiller per each hill) and length of panicle were observed in Hybrid cultivar and there was no significant difference between Dorfak and Hashemi. Also, 100-seed weight in Hashemi and hybrid cultivars was more than Dorfak. The lowest grain yield was obtained by 4351.6 kg ha-1 in Hashemi that there was no significant difference between Dorfak and Hybrid cultivars. The average yield of these two cultivars was 4893.3 kg per hectare which was approximately 11.5% higher than Hashemi cultivar.