JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CROP SCIENCES
Year:2010 | Volume:2 | Issue:8|Papers Count:9

To evaluate the growth characteristics, yield, its components and oil content of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes in East Azerbaijan an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2007–2008 in Hadishahr of Jolfa. Seed weight per plant on main and secondary spike, oil yield and its percentage, 100 seeds weight per main and secondary spike, biological yield and harvest index were assessed. The results showed that seed and oil yields and most of characteristics were significantly different among castor bean genotypes. Ashtiyan 1 had higher values for most traits except 100 seeds weight per main and secondary spike, length of main stem, oil percentage and harvest index, with respect to other genotypes. Oil percentage, was higher in Shahreza 1 and Ashtiyan 2 genotypes than other genotypes. Low oil yield of Shahreza 1 genotypes was due to low seed yield. But in Ashtiyan 2 genotype high oil percentage amends low seed yield and this genotype like genotype Ashtiyan 1 had preference with respect to other genotypes in oil yield. It seems that Ashtiyan 1, Ashtiyan 2, and Shahreza 2 genotypes are suitble for cultivation in Hadishahr areas.

Regarding the importance of sunflower in production of nuts and oil, it has been tried to calculate the production function of sunflower growers in khoy. To this purpose the timer linear programming (LP) method was used, which was based on a field research, using the cross sectional data in 1387. The results obtained showed that the average technical efficiency of sunflower growers in Khoy was about %53, which in dicated the %47 wastage of the production resources. It was recognized that the lack of training and agricultural extension services were the effective social factors in technical workability of sunflower growers in Khoy. In conclusion, we suggest the governmental authorities to increase the allocated budget to promote the versatility of the sunflower growers and eliminate the unnecessary losses.

To study of efficacy of drought stress on the growth stages of durum wheat, a research split plot experiment based on randomized complete design with 3 replications was conducted at Islamic Azad University Tabriz branch, Agriculture Research Station in 2007. Main factor was stress in growth stages with 5 levels: a0 (without drought stress), a1 (stress in tillering), a2 (stress in steming), a3 (stress in flowering), a4 (stress in grain filling period) and minor factors were 8 durum wheat lines. Result of variance analysis showed that drought stress had significant effect on all traits. Also significant interaction of genotypes×stage of drought stress for all traits except biomass showed different behavior of lines for stresses in different growth stages. The drought stress in each growth stage of durum wheat, reduced yield and most effects of them were in tillering and flowering stages. The estimation of correlation between traits showed that there was significant and positive correlation between seed yield with harvest index. In this research, from calculated of resistance indexes, the STI and GMP were determined most suitable indexes, and according to this resistance index, the line of numbers 1 and 2 were of highly yield and most tolerant toward drought stress.

To investigation the effects of water stress and different rates of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield of forage sorghum variety speedfeed (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in second cropping, a field study was conducted at 2009 cropping season in Khoy Research Station. Experiment was carried out using a split plot design, used on RCBD with 3 replications. Treatments consisted three level of water stress (I1=70, I2=105, I3=140 )mm evaporation from the pan of class A, as main factors and sub factors consisting nitrogen consumption in three levels (N1=300),(N2=400),(N3=500) kg/ha as source, urea and potassium in three levels (K1=0),(K2=150),(K3=300)kg/ha as source K2So4, of course foliar application urea in amount 33 kg/ha in stage doughying grain in single treatment and phosphorous consumption based on fertilizer recommendation in amount (P=50)kg/ha as source Tsp in total treatment was carried out. Investigated characteristics were, plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, tiller number per plant, leaf to stem ratio, fresh fodder and biologic yield ear yield, relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll content. The results analysis of variances showed that plant height, fresh fodder and biologic yield, chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC) impressed after of stage leaf 4-5 by water stress, but significant difference was not observed in other traits. Applying amounts of fertilizers reduced significantly plant height, stem diameter, tiller number, fresh fodder and biologic yield, ear dry weight, chlorophyll content. So that applying 500 kg/ha urea and 300 kg/ha K2SO4 and 50 kg/ha TSP reduced increase yield.

To study the effect of intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on the grain yield, a field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Islamic Azad Uuiversity, Shooshtar, in 2005. The planting methods were laid out in a randomized complete block design in split-plot arrangements keeping different nitrogen rates, (50, 100 and 150 kg from urea resource) as main plots and various rates of intercropping corn-sunflower as sub plots with three replications. The intercropping treatments were S1 (100% sunflower), S2 (25% corn plus 75% sunflower), S3 (50% corn plus 50% sunflower), S4 (75% corn plus 25% sunflower) and S5 (100% corn). The results of the study indicated that seed yield of sunflower and grain yield of corn, total yield of sunflower and corn, 1000-seed weight and oil percentage of sunflower were significant. But 1000-grain weight and the grain number per pod wasn’t significant. The highest grain yield observed in N2S1 and N3S5 for sunflower and corn, was respectively (462 and 1319 per gr.m-2). In intercropping got the highest and the lowest seed yield of sunflower to pure stand and in S3, and at corn got to pure stand and in S4, respectively. An increase in nitrogen proportion raised the land equivalent ratio (LER). The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio for grain yield were observed in hybrid levels of S4 and S3, respectively. The highest and the lowest land equivalent ratio (LER) were relevant to N1S2 and N3S4 (1.85 and 1.08, respectively). In addition, the highest and the lowest relative crowding coefficient (K) were relevant to N3S4 and N3S2 (0.2 and 7.2, respectively).

To assess some of the physiological changes, an experiment in the form of split plots and complete randomized blocks was performed in three replications in the research fields of the Islamic Azad university of Shiraz. The firs factor was irrigation level (normal and drought stress) and the second factor included white bean genotypes, (Daneshkadeh shekoofa and G11867), which were categorized as sensitive, semi-tolerant and tolerant dehiscent based on morphological indices. Samples were taken in the 50% flowering stage and the amounts of soluble glucose, proline content, sodium and potassium were measured. The results of the experiment showed that the soluble solution density, proline content and potassium ion increased under stress and the amount of sodium ion decreased. The G11867 dehiscent genotype had the highest amount of soluble glucose and sodium ion. The Daneshkadeh sensitive genotype had the highest amount of potassium ion and proline content. The results indicated that the accumulation of excess potassium and proline content in beans under drought stress can create a kind of adaptation for the plant against drought and help production under these conditions.

To evaluate some of morphological traits, yield and yield components in wheat genotypes under normal and water stress codition after anthesis, an experiment was carried out in Agriculture and Natural Research Station of Ardabil in 2008-2009. Then advanced winter and intermediate wheat genotypes obtained from this research station were evaluated in two separate experiments under normal irrigation and deficit irrigation after anthesis in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Significant differences were observed among genotypes in terms of grain number in spike. Genotypes No.6 and 10 had the highest amount of this trait (42.2 and 42.6, respectively). 1000 grains weigh decreased significantly under water stress, also the amount that were different significant among genotypes. The highest and lowest grain yields (6093.3 and 4819.4 Kg per hectare) were obtained by normal and water stress conditions, respectively. In terms of grain yield, the genotypes which had gain number per spike and 1000 grains weight in high value in both condition, had better yield in comparison with others.

To study the effects of different planting time on yield, yield components and some of agronomic traits of soybean varieties, an experiment was conducted as factorial on the basis of completely randomized block design at three replications in Agricultural Research Station of Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2009. The first factor in this experiment was planting time in four levels (27 May, 5, 15 and 26 June) and the second factor involved varieties of Williams and L17 Line. Experiment results showed that differences between varieties were not significant for all traits, while there were significant differences between planting times for all traits except grain number per pod. Also interaction of planting date×varieties was not significant for all of traits. Planting dates of (27 May and 5 Jun) were placed in a single class for plant height, biological yield, oil percentage (18/5 and 15/98), 100 grain weight (13/5 and12.36 gr). Also, the mentioned traits had the highest values in those planting dates. Planting date of 27 May had the highest values for final yield (2227 kg/ha), nod number per plant and pod number per plant. Results of this research indicated that plant could not get its potentiality. Because, they lacked suitable time for growth and this subject cause to reduce in yield. Therefore, the planting date of 27 May was recommended for Ardabil cold climate.