Journal of Research and Health
Year:2016 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

Dear Chief in Editor, Health and well-being is a significant and vital condition for positive living which should be improved for a better status of life, a need of human being that he is seeking. But, there are some questions, such as: how is health affected and will be improved? Would media and some tools change, improve or present a healthy lifestyle? How does media usage affect peoples’ health? How would media and a healthy lifestyle get balanced and is there any relationship between them? We spend most of our time on using media, without knowing its impact on us. We also don’t realize that the overuse and the miss-use of media would affect all aspects of our life negatively. In spite of the fact that media have some negative impacts and most believe in these claims, the exact opposite is true as well, however the combination of some other social and individual factors together can also affect the health of individuals and communities. So many changes can be occurred such as behavioral changes.Media can be a positive, fast and cheap way and as a means to prevent people from sickness and promote their health and well-being. However some research findings showed that using social networks like Facebook and twitter makes the people lives worse (50% of the participants).

Stress has become an ingredient of the modern life. This study aimed to examine a model composed of direct and indirect effects with regard to the mediating role of self-assessment latent variable which includes self-efficacy and self-esteem components of physical perceptions construct including physical attractiveness and physical self-worth on perceived stress in athlete employees. This study was conducted using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all the athlete employees at Tehran Province Gas Company. Among the population, a sample of 187 individuals was selected using simple random sampling method. The reliable and valid instruments were employed. The findings indicated that the direct path in the proposed model should be eliminated and after removing this path, the model’s fitness parameters were optimized. According to the data of this research, it can be concluded that exercise effects perceived stress positively in employees primarily due to the improvement of physical perceptions and consequent effect of physical perceptions on perceived stress through increasing the self-assessment construct and its components.

Aggression and impulsivity are major challenges posed to adolescents and their families. Many medicinal and behavioral interventions have been conducted to control impulsivity and aggression. Mindfulness is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that can be effective in controlling these behaviors. The present study thus aims to assess the effect of mindfulness in reducing aggression and impulsivity in adolescents by using the pretestposttest approach and control group. The statistical population consisted of the entire population of 15-17 year-old female high school students, 168 of whom were selected through the multistage sampling method to undergo a screening process, which ultimately resulted in the selection of 50 students who were then divided into a trial and control group. Data were collected using the barratt impulsivity scale and the aggression questionnaire.The mindfulness program (8 sessions a week) was based on stress reduction and the cognitive-behavioral therapy model.Before conducting the main study, validity of the mindfulness program was ensured through running a preliminary study on a sample of 20 adolescents. Once the intervention ended, the levels of impulsivity and aggression were assessed and recorded in both groups. The analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results confirmed the effect of mindfulness therapy in reducing aggression and impulsivity in adolescents.

In designing work stations, maintaining best hand posture is particularly important in achieving the highest grip power. This study aims to assess the effect of hand posture on maximum force grip and discomfort in 24 tractor drivers in Sanandaj. maximum force grip in different postures using hydraulic dynamometer, and discomfort level using simulated 10-degree visual scale were measured and recorded. Significant relationships were observed between hand direction and also hand-shoulder distance and maximum force grip and discomfort level. The highest force grip was achieved at hand direction angles above 90 degrees.Maximum force grip was achieved at hand angle 135 degrees and hand-shoulder distance of 100 arm-reach (43.1 kg force). Also, the most discomfort was found at 45 degrees hand direction and hand-shoulder distance 50 of arm-reach (58.8 kg force).Discomfort level and hand direction angle affect maximum force grip, and unless these ergonomic factors are taken into account in designing hand tools and controls, consequences such as increased accidents, fatigue, and musculoskeletal problems will inevitably follow.

Puberty is most important stage of life with physical and psychological changes. Preparing adolescent girls for puberty should be planned based on their educational needs. This study was conducted to predict health behaviors of adolescent girls during puberty based on behavioral intention model. In this cross-sectional study, 200 high school girl students were surveyed. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select the participants. A questionnaire was designed based on BIM used for data collection including demographic data, knowledge and attitude and subjective norms. The mean score was 56.23±2.67 for knowledge and 34.29±5.77 for attitude. Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude (r=0.477). The analysis of subjective norms showed that most subjective norms were influenced by teachers (15.63%) at school and by mothers (67.18%) at home. And should be special attention to three factors of knowledge, attitudes, and subjective norms to help girls perform health behaviors. Furthermore, health education about puberty should continue in high schools.

Well-structured multi-dimensional and consists of emotional, cognitive, experience positive and negative emotions such as frustration and discomfort, and judging from the quality of individual lives. Psychological well-being criterion not only reflects child affections but also demonstrates aspects that person's life. The purpose of the present study was to develop and study characteristics of psychometric properties of suitable questionnaire to measure well-being of preschool children among their mothers. The research method of study was correlational and validation through developing its reliability. The sample consisted of 580 children that were selected by cluster multistage random sampling method. Preschool children’s well-being questionnaire was evaluated by construct validity (explanatory factor analysis and internal consistency), convergent validity and reliability (internal consistency) and Pearson correlation index in study group. As exploratory factor analysis of the five dimensions of well-being were extracted which including psychological, social, cognitive, educational, and family. As well as significant correlation between children's well-being of questionnaire and Q-set Questionnaire scores confirmed convergent validity.The reliability of each of the subscales of psychological, social, cognitive, educational, family and general well-being questionnaire preschoolers by Cronbach's alpha, respectively were 0.73, 0.83, 0.77, 0.70, 0.73, and 0.89. According to results of this research, the preschool children’s well-being questionnaire had good validity and reliability which can be used for evaluating preschool children’s well-being.

Forgiveness is one of the newest issues in the realm of positive psychology and family studies that has come into the limelight of counselors and psychologists due to its effect on the well-being and mental health of individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between forgiveness, personality characteristics, and family of origin features. The present study was a descriptive correlational research.124 Iranian university students (56 males and 68 females) were selected using singlestage random cluster sampling method. They were asked to complete the research tools. To collect data, three questionnaires were employed, including Forgiveness scale, the Big Five Inventory (BFI) of personality, and Family of Origin Scale (FOS).The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. The obtained results suggested that the factors including extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and the family of origin have significant positive relationships with forgiveness. Neuroticism also showed a negative relationship with forgiveness. Neuroticism and extroversion could explain 20% of the variance of forgiveness in two steps. In conclusion, personality characteristics and family of origin can explain variances of forgiveness; hence, the obtained results are deserved to be considered in the implementation of preventive and therapeutic programs.

Conception of individuals of their own physical influence on their psychological health and nutritional plans. The purpose of this paper is to determine the causal relationship between eating disorders and body image perception with depression meditation in adults The sample of the study consisted of 200 Iranian freshman students who were selected by the random multistage method.The correlational research method was kind of path analysis approach. The research instruments included a questionnaire of eating disorder of Coker and Rogers, Ten Fischer Image questionnaire and Beck depression measurement inventory.The results indicate that the proposed model is fitted the data.Furthermore, the analysis of the direct and indirect paths show that body image perception is directly affected by mediation of depression on eating disorders. and the overall relationships using the boot strap method has been at the significant level of p<0.05.so individuals who have more dissatisfaction in body image more probably suffering from eating disorders. Accordingly, we conclude that with the correct treatment and understanding of physical image perception of disorders, we can prevent peoples’involvement with mental disorders such as depression and eating disorder. And also we can benefit from treatments of physical image perception disorder for treating people with depression and eating disorders.

This study aimed to design and evaluate the effects of an educational program based on health belief model on beliefs of high school female students. Participants from 9th, 10th and 11th grades including 77 students from intervention school and 72 students from control school were assessed. The intervention group were received a 90-minute educational session based on the model. Data were collected through a valid self administered questionnaire at initial of the study and two months after intervention. The mean ages of intervention and control group were as 15.49±0.91 and 15.65±0.99 respectively. The two groups were the same at the beginning of the study in terms of all variables except for fathers’ education, mothers’ education and mothers’ occupation. After intervention the mean score of knowledge in intervention group (12.9±1.33) was significantly better than control group (10.6±1.85). Furthermore, at 2- month follow up, the mean scores of other constructs including perceived susceptibility (21.7±4.29), perceived severity (25.48±5.46), perceived benefit (22.18±2.9), perceived barrier (20.12±3.16) and perceived self efficacy (21.87 ±3.61) were significantly better than these constructs in control group. The educational program improved beliefs of the students regarding HIV/AIDs preventive behaviors.

Today, addiction is a major problem in human society, threatens health of the community, family, and individual, and leads to loss of personal, occupational, family and social achievements. This experimental pretest-posttest study with control group aimed to determine the effect of group logotherapy in reducing depression and increasing hope in drug addicts. From a total of 70 addicts, 60 were selected by random sampling method, and finally 20 were selected with the highest scores in Beck's depression inventory and the lowest scores in Snyder’s adult hope scale, who were then randomly divided into control and trial groups.The trial group received 10 sessions of group logotherapy, and the control group received no intervention at all. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential (covariance analysis) statistics. Results showed significantly lower mean depression scores, and significantly higher mean hope scores in posttest in trial group compared to control group. According to results, it can be concluded that group logotherapy is effective in reducing depression and increasing hope in drug addicts.

Different models and studies have tried to define symptoms of depression and anxiety through examining the correlation between cognitive and personality variables. In this respect, this study was conducted to determine the role of worry and rumination in the correlation between neuroticism and symptoms of depression and anxiety in students. The participants included 210 university students (164 females and 46 males). The students completed the Penn state worry questionnaire, Zung depression scale, ruminative responses scale of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow, Spielberger’s trait anxiety subscale, and neuroticism subscale of the NEO personality inventory. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the neurotic and ruminative variables respectively showed the highest effect on depression. Based on the path analysis, the indirect effect of worry on depression was significant. The correlation of anxiety with variables of worry, rumination, and neuroticism in the structural equation modeling was insignificant and was consequently ignored. However, worry and neuroticism significantly correlated with rumination. The variables of worry, rumination, and neuroticism could predict depression in the students.

In reports on human development, life expectancy at birth together with gross domestic product and literacy rates are taken into account for comparison and ranking of countries in terms of development. Calculation of life expectancy index independently from other vital indices is not compatible with these indices in health planning and policies. This study aim to revise life expectancy index using a statistical regression model between life expectancy in various provinces in 2006 and vital indices of natural population growth rate, crude birth and death rates, total fertility rate, and under 5 mortality rate in these provinces in 2009, which will indicate the effects of these indices on life expectancy in Iran. Revised life expectancy index at birth in 2009 shows the influence of vital indices on this index and the tangible changes in ranking of provinces compared to 2006. These changes are the result of policies to improve vital indices in provinces with improved ranking by affecting life expectancy. Life expectancy index is obtained based on life table and almost independent from vital indices.Vital indices are typically used in health policy and planning targets. In this study, effect of vital indices on life expectancy index is shown for the first time using revised life expectancy index by explanation of a statistical-regression correlation model between life expectancy and vital indices.