POLITICAL SCIENCE QUARTERLY
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:19|Papers Count:11

The origin of the political thought returns back to the Western and especially ancient Greek political experiences. At the length of time, as politics has changed and modernized, so the traditional way of life taken a new shape.The question whether tradition or modernity better secures society stability and individual responsibility has much been discussed in recent years. As a result, it is said that some of existing traditions in societies have caused development and dynamism of thought generally and political thought specially and some others have reversely caused the weakness and decline of thought. Also, in Iran’s civilization realm, in some periods of general history of thought, Iranians have made a synthesis between individualistic Greek thought with rational understanding of Islam and have established new thought system.However, gradually, such a golden era of thinking has declined and finally led to our isolaton and absence from the world thought arena. The article intends to consider the Iran’s mysticism and mystic thoughts, which have rooted in tradition, as an obstacle in the way of the growth and richness of Iran political thought and consequently to introduce its specifications.

The idea of republicanism or government by the people (Democracy) as a type of political thinking and political alternative about political power has been Presented in Iran since the Qajar dynasty. The idea challenges the other sort of political thought which believes Shah’s power is based on his charisma that is inspired from the God's grace. The article deals with the past history of the idea and follows the case until the end of Reza Shah's period and his move towards republicanism.

Modernity is a situation in which, by interaction between social being and life-consciousness, the life pattern and modern thinking is reproduced. In such a life situation, modern autonomous subject considers all modern civil institutions as a reflection of relation between his consciousness and life and manages his political, social, economic and cultural action on the basis of his conscious perception of his world-life. Certainly, self-consciousness does not necessarily reveal in all citizens in a modern society; but it could be seen in totality of life in this society. In this condition, art, thought politics and…, simultaneously are shaped and reproduced on the basis of autonomous consciousness.

One of the fundamental pillars of every country’s development is its educational sector. The great importance of this sector is mostly due to the fact that it is considered at the same time as an important instrument for development as well as one of the development's goals.In different countries, to set up and activity of educational systems are regarded as an ordinary job and each year, a huge amount of financial resources are spent on it through government's budgets and private spendings.Such an importance has gradually made the education category to be known as a subject of recent policy making in both national and international levels and also to be discussed much on it. To accept the education’s increasing role to improve national development makes it necessary to study and analyse the importance of educational public policies in the country. This is the cause which the article is going to deal with.

Pakistan in the Indian sub-continent is a country which has passed more than a half century from its establishment. However, despite of such a short history, it has caused many critical crises in the region. Wars with India over the problem of sovereignty of Kashmir province, arms competition, especially relation to nuclear arms with this county and continuous attempt to influence Afghanistan in order to coup with its ethnic problems are some examples of the crises mentioned. Pakistan, before 9/11 terrorist attack, by educating Talibans through its religious schools and sending them into Afghanistan, created Afghan Taliban government and used them as a means to maintain its national interests and security. But, soon after the event, Pakistan was forced to conceal its evident support of Afghan Taliban and change its foreign policy. The United States attack to Afghanistan caused the return of many Taliban into ethnic regions of Pakistan and consequently led to the crisis of local Taliban in Afghanistan. The article attempts by historic - descriptive method to show the Pakistan’s internal and external approaches towards the problem of local Taliban and Afghan Taliban.

Globalization has caused density of time and space by its main instruments which are communicative and informative technologies making universally a global culture. Such a universal global culture has also brought about oppositions which have been expressed on behalf of cultural particularists. One of these cultural Particularists is the fundamentalist Salafi group which by attempting terrorism has produced a new terrorism called post-modern terrorism claiming to be universal holy - war against the globalized universal culture which supposed to be totally western.The most important of these terrorist groups is Al-Qaede. This fundamentalist terrorist group with Salafi-vahabi doctrine is considered as instrumentalist group because it uses globalizing media such as satellites and internet as means of terrorism. The article studies and reviews the subject.

In the course of analysis of the relations between the two countries, the role of justice and development party in promoting the relations is viewed by especial emphasis.Now, the main question would be what are the changes in different dimensions following the party took power and its role on the relations changes.The temporary answer to the question is that relations between Iran and Turkey have largely and differently changed in political, economic, cultural and security levels compare to the past this is especially more evident in the foreign policy of the Justice and development pary. The article aims to examine the proposition and to show the results of such a change in Iran-Turkey relations by applying descriptive - analytical method.

The most social science theorists believe that the political structure is shaped by the media at recent time. In fact, the distinguished area of politics relates to the media. The place of media in recent political and social Developments would be studied within those theories such as: Network society, critical society, globalization and silent society. The role of media during the new Developments in Arab world is also considered from different dimensions. The influence of media on political problems, governmental functions, democracy, citizens and different kinds of policy making decisions are so vast that one could talk of new politics. Also we should refer at this point to the different views about the role of media in new developments of Arab would which some of the important of them are as followed: Positive and fundamental approach, relational and crisis making approach, instrumental and quality of revolutionary events approval, political and economic approach.

Taghiah (dissimulation) means to abstain and keep away from something and someone who does such an act is called abstemious.The Shiite theology from the beginning has used the term in the same meaning which indicates when a follower of the sect his or her individual or group interest is threatened should do or say against his or her believe in order to remove the loss or threat. The concept has an especial place in political culture of Shiite and theologians have used it to modify and testify the contradictory texts quoted from Shiite Imams. The concept has also been mosty used when Shiite claimed legitimate right on government and was engaged in political competition with its opponents and attempted to apply it as a political means.However, when the Shiite was invited to share power with its opponents and its Imam’s legitimacy recognized, the period of Taghiah came to its end. The study of Taghiah procedure and political attempts of Shiite during its history should be considered as a guide before present Shiite’s experts and theologians.