CROP PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2009 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

For studying genetic variation for grain filling rate and grain filling period and relationship with grain yield, 10 barleygenotype: Bomi, Torkaman, Eize, Siah, Sahra, 1-yeknavakht, 14G, 11G, 5G and 15G, cultivars, introduced by Golestsn agriculture research centre, Were studied in randomized complete block design at 4 replication at 84-85.were studied.This genotype varied for both rate and duration grain filling parameter and had significant difference. Torkaman had maximum grain filling rate and minimum was for 1-yeknavakht.the average of grain filling rate was 1.59 mg/day and average of grain filling duration was 29.8 days. Positive correlation between grain filling rate and duration with grain yield showed that, they increased from low yield genotype to high yield.14G had maximum and Torkaman had minimum grain filling duration. Negative no significant correlation between grain filling rate and grain filling duration.14G showed that have higher grain yield than other genotype and with receive lower GDD, achieved to the physiological maturity

In order to study effect potassium and absorption water in corn plant exploratory as spilt plot within basic plan of random completely blocks with main care (various irrigation periods: I0=7, I1=12, I2=17, I3=22day) and subordinate care (different level of potassium fertilizer, k1=50, k2=100, k3=150 kg /ha) and 3times repetition was performed. Date of planting was designed and performed in Ahwaz (in IRAN) shahid salami Irrigation Institute field at first half of August 2008. At k1 care, regulation of osmotic pressure has not been seen. In the other hand, by reducing of osmotic potential, relative moisture of leaf reduced quickly and in result, the plant was encountered with severe drought tension. At cases (I0, I1) , ether regulation of osmotic pressure was not seen or if was present resistance slope against Relative water content reduction under a value in Biphase graph of osmotic regulation was too low. According to variance breakdown results the effect of irrigation cycles, different potassium and their interaction at level %5 effects on biological performance, seed function, and harvest index were meaningful. But in case of the row number of maize, the effect of different levels of potassium fertilizer and reciprocal effect of water tension and different levels caused reduction of biological performance, seed function, harvest index, and row number of maize, seed number of row and weight of thousand seed. Treatment with seed functions of 15/5 ton/ he has dedicated highest function to it.

In order to have a successful breeding program, determining the relationship and correlation among different traits are very important. This study was conducted to investigate the correlation between morphophysiological traits and dry weight yield of 7 commercial and promising sugarcane cultivars at formative stage under salinity stress condition. A complete randomized design with three replicates and four salinity treatments (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75% NaCl) were used. The research was conducted in research greenhouse of Isfahan University of Technology (IUT). The results showed significant differences among the cultivars for all traits, including dry weight, plant height, tiller numbers, leaf area and leaf number per plant, ion content of Na+, Cl-, K+ and Ca2+, K+/Na+ and Na+/Ca2+ ratios. The simple correlation coefficients revealed a negative significant correlation between salt ion concentrations and dry weight yield of sugarcane cultivars. The negative significant correlation coefficient between Na+ and Ca2+ ions concentrations suggested Na+/Ca2+ antagonism in sugarcane.

In order to stady the response of Wheat genotypes to waterlogging stress during stem elangation stage, this research was conducted as experimental split – plot based on Rondomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD), with three replications in cropping year 2007-2008, at Ahwaz Agricultural Investigtions and Natural Sources Reaserches center. In this study the main plot was and Sub- consisted of four wheat genotypes (Chamran, Vee/nac, S-78-11, S-80-18) and also sub plot were consisted waterlogging period (0, 10, 20 days) . The results showed that from grain yield point, there is a significant. Difference between the genotypes studied and various Waterlogging periods. The highest yield in both conditions of non-stress and waterlogging was associated with S-80-18 as well as S-78-11 lines (with mean grain yield of 4/03 and 4/02 ton/ha-1) and the Vee/nac cultivar had the lowest (with mean grain yield of 3/02 ton/ha-1). The highest and the lowest yield in waterlogging treatments were seen in non-stress and 20-day stress respectively. In all genotypes, the increase of waterlogging duration casued to high domage. The biological yield, as in grain yield, was affected by waterlogging and by increasing the waterlogging duration, the biological yield was decreased. The yield components were also affected by waterlogging. The among yield components, the much domage was on number of spikes per Acre metre and less was on thousand grain weight (TGW). With regard to obtaind results, S-80-18 line was better than other genotypes in waterlogging conditions.

In order to evaluate nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) under different methods of nitrogen distribution on the protein percent of kernel Corn hybrid (S.C. 704) in farming season on 2008-2009 a field experimental was carried out in field research on Islamic azad university of shushtar. The experimental design was split- plot in randomized complete block with four replications. The min plots include three levels of nitrogen fertilizer: (90, 180 and 270 kg/ha) on use fertilizer source and sub plots include three levels: (M1: strip method), (M2: strip alternate method) and (M3: broadcasting method), in added one treatment (N0: control) applied for each replication. The results showed the nitrogen fertilizer levels on significant effect on yield and yield component with the exception of number rowing ear and harvest index. Increase in nitrogen rate and application method with effect on NUE and harvest index. With increase in nitrogen level fertilizer, NUE, AE and AR was decreased. The (N1: 90 kg/ha) were observed. Increase in nitrogen fertilizer level, PE with increase. The total results showed application strip method of nitrogen fertilizer in compared with broad casting method were better because in strip method the nitrogen fertilizer was the harvest of root.

This study was conducted as RCBD with four replications in Kkhorramabad agriculture garden. In order to the species of five grze crops Grasspea, Alfalfa, Sainfoin, Bitter vetch and Common vetch.The results showed that the species of Lathyrus sativus, Vicia spp and Vicia ervillia had the highest but the species of Medicago sativa and Onobrychis vicifollia had the lowest. Lathyrus had maximum wet and dry matter yield, plant height, stem and leaf dry matter, and absorbed PAR (22130kg/ha, 3991kg/ha, 70/63cm, 2028kg/ha, 1962kg/ha, and 96/91% respectively), but sainfoin had minimum of them (1836kg/ha, 506/4kg/ha, 24/08cm, 241/9kg/ha, 264/6kg/ha, and64/89%respe ctively).Wet matter yield had significant positive correlation (α=0/01) with dry matter yield, stem and leaf dry matter, PAR absorbtion and plant height.According to this results Lathyrus is recommended for this region.

Genotypes full access to the same product and desired role in increasing seed yield and its components are. Similar to this study in agricultural experimental farm 87-1386 Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center, Ahvaz, the plots once split (split plot) and completely randomized blocks in three replications were executed. Joe South, including two barley genotypes and lines 15-83-WB and the main seed levels (200, 275, 350 seeds per square meter) as a factor were considered minor. The results showed that 15-83-WB-line and average number of 3740 south and 2800 kg per hectare the highest and lowest grain yield were produced. Highest yield rate of 275 seeds per square meter and the lowest 3581 average rate of 200 seeds per square meter, equivalent 3057. Max and min number of square meters to the line 15-83 - WB with average 397 and Joe was heading south with a 261 average. Maximum spike rate of 275 square meters with average seed minimum number of 362 and 200 seed rate of 290 square meters with spike. Maximum and minimum number of grains per spike and number 30 seed and south with average 15-83-WB-line with average 25 seeds were obtained. And the amount of 350 seeds per square meter and 200 seed 30 seed 27 seed per square meter was obtained. The highest seed weight equivalent to the amount of 38 g 275 seeds per square meter and the lowest seed to 350 square meters equivalent to 34 grams were dedicated. Most harvest the seed rate of 275 square meters with 46 percent and the lowest seed in the 200 square meters with 38 percent was obtained. Different genotypes harvest treatment was not significant. Biomass in different genotypes in line with the 1583 WB to 8428 kg per hectare figure was higher in the south and the difference was not significant in the amount of seed.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) an important sugar crop, shows high sensitivity to salinity at various growth stages. To study effect of water salinity on morphologycharacteristics of sugarcane varieties, this research was conducted during 2007-8 in Salman Farsi, Agro-industrial Co in factorial experiment using completely randomized with three replication. Treatments were consisted of four water salinity concentration (0, 6, 8 and 10 mmohs/cm) and three sugarcane varieties including CP57-614, CP69-1062 and IRC99-02. According to number of tiller, leaf area index, shoot and root dry weight, length and number of roots in response to water salinity increscent there was a decline. Result showed that shoot dry weight decrease was more than root. Root dry weight decrease was depended on number of root in compeer to length.