CROP PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2011 | Volume:2 | Issue:8|Papers Count:11

Based on the study of the effects of planting date and genotypes on some agronomics characters of saffron ( Crocus sativus L.), a field experiment was carried out as split plots on the basis of randomized compelet blocks designed in 4 replications in 2009 at Natanz region. Planting date in 4 levels: May 5, June 5, July 6, August 6 as main factors, and saffron genotypes in 2 Levels: Esfahan and Ghaen as sub-factors. Result of variance of analysis indicated that, the simple effect of planting date and genotypes had a significant effect on all experimental traits; however, interaction effects were not significant. Overall comparison of planting effect showed that, the maximum of dried yield (Stigma & Style) and flower yield with 5.525 and 38.07 Kg/ha conducted in May 5. Isfahan genotype had the best results in all experimental characters in Ghaen region, and produced a maximum of dried stigma and style (5.537 Kg/ha) and dried flower (37.81 Kg/ha). Delay in planting date reduced all experimental traits .As a conclusion, Esfahan genotype had better conditions than Ghaen.

In order to study the effect of planting time on yield and yield components of mungbean genotypes an experimental investigation was carried out during 2007 in Dezful region. This was designed in complete randomized block design in four replications. Treatments for mungbean genotypes were in four levels (V1) VC3-960-8, (V2) NM92, (V3) Gohar and V4 (CN-9-3) and also planting date in three levels (D1) 22 June, (D2) 6 July and (D3) 22 July 2007. Factors such as, numbers of pod in plant, number of seed in pod, weight thousand seed, economic yield, biological yield, stubble yield, dry weight, length pod, and harvest index were studied. Results shown in first planting date (D1) indicated the highest seed yield, biological yield, stubble yield respectively were 2019.7, 5286.6, 375.7 kg/ha and number 23.27 pod in plat. Therefore highest weight thousand seed (59.79 gr/m2), number seed in pod (9.86) and harvest index (38.78) were present respectively in plantings date (D2) and (D3). Moreover, a comparison of genotypes showed that the highest number pod in plant, seed in pod, economic yield, biological yield, stubble yield were 33.5, 11.53, 2362.2, 6488.8 and 4562 kg/ha in NM92 genotype respectively. Whereas thousand seed in genotype CN9-3 obtained the highest and best weight than other genotypes. Reciprocal effects of planting date and genotypes on yield and component yield showed highest economic yield (2662.6 kg/ha), pod in plant (35.5) and seed in pod (17.7) were in treatments D1V2 and D1V3. also the lowest economic yield were in treatment D3V4. The overall conclusion being that the first planting date (D1) and NM92 (V2) genotype are better than other genotypes for cultivation of mungbean in Dezful region.

To evaluate the effects of different levels of zinc and copper intake as soil and foliar application and interaction of these two elements on wheat’s qualitative and quantitative characteristics, the research was done as a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications in Greenhouse College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University Saveh in November 2008. The factors of this research were included application of Zinc (with levels of intake 0, 5 and 10 mg EDTA of Zn on kg of soil for soil application and spraying with a solution of 0 and 2 per thousand of Zn) and application of copper (with levels of intake 0, 2.5 and 5 mg EDTA of Cu on kg of soil for soil application and spraying with a solution of 0 and 2 per thousand of Cu) and complex of all of these fertilizers.  Results showed that application of zinc on soil compared with control significant increase grain weight, content absorbed zinc on seed, concentration zinc on seed, concentration zinc on the shoot and fertile tillers while application of copper on soil compared with control significant grain weight, content absorbed copper on seed, concentration copper on seed, concentration copper on the shoot. the results showed that spray of zinc as compared with control View Now significant increase grain weight, content absorbed zinc on seed, concentration zinc on seed, concentration zinc on the shoot while spray of copper as compared with control View Now significant increase content absorbed copper on seed, concentration copper on seed, concentration copper on the shoot. The results showed that complex of all of these fertilizers as compared with control View Now significant increase concentration zinc on seed, concentration copper on seed, , content absorbed zinc on seed, content absorbed copper on seed, concentration zinc on the shoot, concentration copper on the shoot. The results showed that zinc and copper have a negative Interaction on each other.

The effect of bacteria (Azospirillum lipoferum and Pseudomonas putida) were examined in a green house pot experiment with Aloe vera. The present study was carried out in the complete randomized block design with 4  treatments and 3 replications. The treatments included (1-control plants 2-inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum 3-inoculation with Pseudomonas putida and4- inoculation with mixture of microorganisms). The statistical analysis showed the Plant growth promoting rhizobacterias (PGPR) that tested in this experiment  had significant effect on increasing growth parameters such as roots and leaves fresh and dry weight ,number and length of leaves and roots ,leaf area as well as the content of the P and K uptake in Aloe vera. High significant difference was observed in inoculation of Pseudomonas putida. This treatment significantly increased yield about 42.4% compared with control plants. The results obtained in the present work mainly show the potential of PGPR in production of Aloe vera.

This study was conducted to analyze the correlation among grain yield and a number of important traits in twelve spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars at Dezful research station in Safi Abad, from 2009 to 2010. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Results analysis of variance showed that significant difference between cultivares for all parameters in expriment, indicated a geneticaly difference between cultivares.The correlation coefficients among the grain yield and 1000-grain weight and grain number/pod were positiveand significant (0.74** and 0.72**, respectively). Grain yield and days to maturity, days to flowering, plant height and oil percent were correlated negatively. According to stepwise regression grain yield trait is considered by dependent variables and other traits by independent variables. Model determination coefficient is R2=0.934. The highest level of determination coefficients were for 1000-grain weight and the number of grain per pod(0.547and 0.177, respectively). The results of path analysis indicated that the number of grain per pod and 1000-grain weight had the largest direct effect on the grain yield (1.10**and 0.41*, respectively) its seems possible to use the traits as a selection criteria in breeding programs for improving grain yield of spring rapeseedcultivars.

In order to study the relationship between forage yield and Morphologycal Characteristics, 31 genotypes of standard crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum Fish.ex Link) in a Randomized Compeletely Block Design(RCBD) with 3 replications, were evaluated in 2 seperate experiments including dry farming and rainfed conditions,condensely, in plots (dimention of 1×2 m) in Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch. Traits such as date of spike appearance, date of pollination, plant height, spike length, spikelet number per spike, size of flag leaf, length of peduncle, thousand grain weight, stem number per plant, seed weight per spike, seed number per spike, harvest index, seed yield and forage yield were measured. Phenotypic correlation analysis indicated that forage yield has a positive and significant correlation in 1% level, with traits such as plant height (r=0.60), number of stems per plant (r=0.46) and seed yield (r=0.44). Obtained results from stepwise regression analysis for forage yield as a dependent variable, indicated significant effects of stem number per plant, date of spike appearance, harvest index, seed yield and seed weight per spike on forage yield with R2=0.93. According to Path analysis, seed yield and harvest index had the most direct effect and also seed yield had the most indirect effect (through a decrease in harvest index) on forage yield.

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of plant density and zinc sulfate on quantitative yield of triticale at Deh-Sefid village of Khorramabad, in cropping year 2009- 2010. The application of three levels of zinc sulfate (Control, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and three plant densities (200, 300 and 400 plant/m2) were combined factorially based on the randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that reciprocal effects of density and different levels of zinc sulfate treatments on variables, such as straw weight, economical yield (seed), and biological yield (1% probability),and also harvest index (5% probability) were affected significantly. The highest straw weight (12810, 12770 kg/ha) was observed in 200 and 300 plant/m2 using 60 kg/ha zinc sulfate (d2f3 and d1f3). The highest biologic yield (22303 kg/ha) and harvest index (44.53%)and seed yield (9933 kg/ha) was obtained from treatment 300 plant/m2) to using 40 kg / ha zinc sulfate (d2f2). Thus was concluded that the minimum and average of plant density (200 and 300 plant/m2) increased yield according to the more use of fertilizer (40 and 60 kg/ha).

In many area of Iran, the reproductive growth of oilseed crops is exposed to drought stress. Our objective was to examine the effect of water stress during growth stages of canola on yield, yield components, seed oil and protein contents. This study was conducted with field and pot experiments at Azad university of Shuoshter during 2009-10. The field experiment design was split plots arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Moderate and severe water stresses with no water stress treatments as main plot and Hyola -308, Sarigol and Heros cultivars as sud-plot tested in field experiment. In a pot experiment, Hyola 308, Sarigol and Heros cultivars were planted in eight treatments including short and long periods of water stress in growth stages, with 3 replications. Treatments were eight levels of water stress (no water stress, stress in stem elongation, anthesis , pod growth, grain filling , stem elongation to end of growth , early of anthesis until end of growth and early pod growth to end of growth). Field experiment result showed that maximum grain yield (3961.5 kg/ha) and minimum of yield (1731.1 kg/ha) was obtained for Hyola 308 and Heros cultivars respectively. Among yield components, number of siliques per plant was the most sensitive component to water stress. Heros cultivar with control treatment had the highest seed number per siliques (114.23) but with moderate and severe water stress, seed number decreased. High seed number per siliques and 1000-seed weight caused to increase grain yield in Hyola 308. In pot experiment, the greatest seed yield reduction was observed when water stress occurred at flowering (30.3%) and then at silique development (20.7%). Seed yield reduction by short-term water stresses in stem elongation, flowering and silique development were mostly associated with the reduction of silique number per plant. The reduction of seed yield by short-term water stress during seed development was due to reduction of seed weight.