JOURNAL OF MARINE BIOLOGY
Year:2015 | Volume:7 | Issue:25|Papers Count:10

According to the results of a research project entitled as: Biodiversity of Inlandwater fish species of Iran which carried out from 2005 to 2010 some specimen of Luciobarbus brachycephalus (Kessler, 1872) and Luciobarbus capito (Guldenstaedt, 1773) obtained from main rivers of south basin of Caspian Ssea using of electrofishing as the main method for sampling. Samples fixed in formalin and transferred to laboratory. Then 24 morphometric and meristic factors, also 11 ratio of these two species were studied. Due to similarity between two species, the systematic differentiations were explained.

Symbiosis is a form of animal life that lives two lives and their lives play another hand is dependent on service. In this study, the symbiosis relation between barnacle Chelonibita patula on blue swimming crab Portunus. segnis from Persian Gulf coasts (Boushehr Province) was studied. A total of 571 crabs different size ranges in random were examined. The samples after freezing at -20o C transfered to laboratory for analysis. After separating the samples were initially identify the gender of the abdomen. After this phase, biometric characteristics of the samples, including body weight, carapace length and width were measured. The effect of gender, season and size distribution of barnacles on the carapace was measured. The number of barnacles on each crab varied from two to twenty-three. The condition factor was in crab species with range of 3.5 to 8 (mean 6.04). The results showed a significant difference between the sexes abundance of barnacles (P<0.05), so that the distribution and density were more in females samples. The results showed that by increasing the carapace width of crabs the accumulation of barnacles will increase. Frequency barnacles in different seasons showed that the most frequent in winter during the spawning crabs and the lowest rate was observed in spring when the spawning period. The relationship between both crustaceans is a cooperative relationship, that is especially barnacles crab carapace levels as their environment and they do all production activities, reproductive, nutritional and metabolic itself on crabs, instead crab with barnacles camouflage and little attention is placed predators.

In recent decades, due to fluctuations in Seae water levels, environmental pollutions, and invader species invasion, the ecosystem of the Caspian Sea has been changed. In this study, assessing impact on ecosystem functions was conducted according to the new invader species (Mnemiopsis leidyi) using biomass of commercial fish species during three periods: 1996-2000, 2001-2006 and 2007-2011; in three phases of the invasion: establishment, expansion and adjustment, respectively. The results showed that the total biomass of anchovy Kilka (Clupeonella engrauliformis) declined from 185000 tons in 1996 to 158000 tons in 1999 and collapsed to 200 tons in 2011. Also the biomass of big eye kilka (C. grimmi) decreased from 50000 tons in 1996 to less than 6000 tons in 2001. But the biomass of common kilka (C. cultriventris) had an increasing trend from 20000 tons in 1996 to more than 110000 tons in 2009. The biomass of two benthic feeder species (Rutilus frisii kutum and Liza aurata) had the same trend changes as first the biomasses had an increasing and then decreasing trend. During three periods, ecosystem functions had changes. The ecosystem functions were shifted E0 (No impact) in first period to E2 (moderate impact) and E3 (strong impact) in the second and third periods. Loss functions of two keystone species (anchovy and big eye Kilka) could causes the sharp decline in upper layer of food web chain, i.e. sturgeons and Caspian seal in the Caspian Sea.

This study was carried out to determine the growth performance and some hematological and immune parameters of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings fed different levels of herbal additive in the fisheries laboratory of Guilan science and research branch, Islamic Azad University, in spring and summer 2014. A total of 96 common carp fingerlings weighing 15.13±3.40 g were reared in 12 100-L fiberglass tanks equipped with central aeration and water central discharge and kept at a density of 8 fish per each tank. Fish were adapted to new rearing conditions for 2 weeks. Fingerlings were fed four different diets containing 0, 1, 1.5 and 2g/kg herbal additive including carvacrol, anethole and limonene in diet with three replicates (completely randomized design). Mean temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH were 23.12±1.70oC, 7.23±0.41mg/L and 7.5±0.81, respectively. The results showed that the highest final weight, final length, percentage of body weight increase, average daily growth, specific growth rate, condition factor and the lowest FCR was observed in treatment 2g/kg herbal additive which had no significant difference with other treatments (P>0.05). The most number of white blood cells was observed in treatments 1 and 2g/ kg herbal additive. All three treatments were fed herbal additive had more lymphocytes (P>0.05) compared to the control. The maximum amounts of lysozyme and IgM were observed in treatments 2 and 1g/kg and 1g/kg, respectively which showed no statistically significant difference with other experimental treatments (P>0.05). Based on mentioned results, it can be stated that herbal additive at the level of 2g/kg can be effective in increasing growth performance and also improvement of some hematological and specific and nonspecific immune parameters in farmed common carp fingerlings.

Heavy metals are considered as pollutants that can accumulate in the body of organisms and have damaging effects on their health. The present study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of arsenic in blue swimmer crab (Portunus pelagicus) in Asalouyeh coasts in Boushehr province as bio-indicator for heavy metals. After identifying different sources of pollution in the region, sampling was carried out at four sampling stations over a three-months winter period in 2014. Arsenic analysis was performed using an atomic spectrophotometer. The results showed that the mean concentration of arsenic in the soft tissue of P.pelagicus in January, February and March was 0.17±0.09, 0.23±0.11 and 0.30±0.15 (mg/kg dry weight), respectively. There was a significant difference between stations and between months (P>0.05). The lowest concentration of arsenic was for station 3 (0.15±0.10) and the highest one was for station 3 (0.35±0.10). Also, the results showed that arsenic concentrations in all stations and months were lower than the reported standard levels.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamins E and B2 on growth performance of Acipenser nudiventris fingerlings. The feeding trial was conducted by a completely randomized design with six treatments. Acipenser nudiventris fingerlings with the initial mean weight 30±1.5 g (mean±SD) were fed with five experimental diets for 8 weeks; including diet one supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg), diet 2 supplemented with riboflavin (B2) (20 mg/kg), diet 3 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (15 mg/kg), diet 4 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (20 mg/kg) and diet 5 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/ kg) and riboflavin (B2) (25 mg/kg). A control group was also used that was fed a diet lacking vitamins E and B2. Individual determination of length and weight in fingerlings was carried out at the end of the experiment. Results obtained from this study revealed that FCR, SGR, BWI, GR, condition factor (CF) and final weight improved with increasing levels of dietary vitamins E and B2. The highest SGR, BWI, GR, condition factor (CF), and final weight as well the lowest FCR values were recorded in fish fed diet 4 supplemented with vitamin E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (20 mg/kg). The results of this study indicated that diet supplemented with vitamins E (300 mg/kg) and riboflavin (B2) (20 mg/kg) can enhance growth performance in Acipenser nudiventris fingerlings.

Echinoderms, a group of marine invertebrates, are a rich source of antibacterial compounds with high activity mechanism. The purpose of the present study was, the determination of antibacterial effect using different Extractants from sea urchin, Echinometra mathaei, on some pathogenic bacterial strains in Chabahar in 1393. After sampling and transport of samples to the laboratory, animals were dissected, and Organs Shell, Spines, Gonad were Separated. After washing by freeze-dryer samples were dried and then were milled, Extraced using ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol. The extracts were tested for activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis، Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia. Disc diffusion and dilution the culture medium methods were used for test hypothesis. Analysis of the results was performed by One-way ANOVA. The results showed that the antibacterial effect of different extracts of various organs are significantly different (P<0.05). The results of the test Disc diffusion agar showed the most antibacterial effect of the chloroform extract Spines and Shell on gram negative bacteria E.coli. The test results Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) Determined that chloroform Extracts of the ethyl acetate extracts are better antibacterial effect. The chloroform extract of Spines and shell most antibacterial effect showed the bacteria E.coli organs Spines and Shell Echinometra mathaei, have significant antibacterial activity that requires further study and purification of the active components. The findings suggest that these compounds of sea urchin could serve as a potential source of new antibacterial substances to replace chemical agents.