JOURNAL OF CROP ECOPHYSIOLOGY
Year:2011 | Volume:3 | Issue:3|Papers Count:9

In order to study interaction effects of salt and salicylic acid, we use two cultivar of canola with names of Hayola 401 and RGS. Mentioned seeds provide from Lorestan Agriculture Research Center in this experiment, they were used after sterilization by sodium hypochlorite solution 20%. After culturing seeds in experimental environment, the intact seedling transferred to Hogland sub-power culture in the dishes with 650ml capacity. After passing 24 hours, the plants placed under different treatment with salt and salicylic acid. Mentioned plants placed in determined rooms and in the light and dark periods 16 and 8 hours respectively in order to ventilation the dishes were airing every day. The treatments including 75,100,150 mM salt and 5 mM Salicylic acid after passing 20 days, catalase and peroxides activity were tested in the root and leaves of plant. With respect to results which achieved in this research, it was determine that when salinity stress increased, the amount of catalase and peroxidase activity increased, this increase in the root were more than leaves in both cultivar of canola. With adding 5 mM salicylic acid in above environment, it showed increase in catalase and peroxidase activity, so this case helps to reduce destructive effects of salinity.

To understand the effect of different planting dates on some agronomic and phenologic traits related to sunflower cultivars, the experimental study was doing with Split Plot based on Completely Randomized Block Design with four replicate, a trial was in Agricultural Research Station of Khoy in 2009. Planting dates factor were allotted  to main plats in 4 levels (as of 20th May 2009 with sowing distance of 20 days till 9th July 2009 and cultivars factor were only 3 ones (Alstar, Euroflor and KSC43.128) and randomly allotted to subplots. Results indicated that, planting date had considerable effect on agronomic as well as phenologic traits of sunflower. In third planting date, the highest total seed number per head, thousand seed weight, seed yield, oil yield and harvest index were achieved. All studied traits were also highly affected by cultivar treatment. Among tested cultivars ‘KSC43.128’ with the mean growth period of 111 days and ‘Alstar’ with the mean of 117 days were the earliest and the latest season’s cultivars, respectively. ‘Alstar’ showed the highest plant height, thousand seed weight, seed yield and oil yield. The highest total number of seeds per head was that of cv. Euroflor. In this study, ‘KSC43.128’ had the highest harvest index. In terms of importance of seed oil yield in oily sunflower, the results of this research emphasizing that in agro-climatic condition of Khoy, planting date of D3 (2009) along with ‘Alstar’ in second planting date toward gaining the much desirable seed/oil yield could be suitable.

Optimum plant nutrition, As one of the most effective ways to enable plants to resist drought are And can reduce the harmful effects of stress and helps prevent loss of yield. For this purpose a field study was conducted in 2010 in bavanat conty, This research is performed in the form of split factorial plot test in randomised complete blocks statistical design with 3 replicates. Drought was considered as main plots, (control and stress in the vegetative stage (70 days after planting)) and Subplots include various levels of potassium sulfate (0, 150 and 300) kg/ha and zinc levels (0, 15 and 30) kg/ha were considered.. In this experiment, grain yield, seed weight, plant height and stem diameter, was investigated. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced grain yield, Hundred grain weight and plant height, The use of potassium sulphate and zinc sulphate, Increased plant resistance traits, and thus to reduce the harmful effects of drought.

In order to study the determination of forage yield of alfalfa (Hamedani cultivar) under different planting densities, this experiment was conducted at Iran in 2011. Field experiment was carried out by a randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. The factor which studied was planting densities (10 (P1), 15 (P2) and 20 (P3) cm plant on row). The results showed that planting density had significant effect on forage yield, lateral stem number, stem diameter and plant height. Means compression showed that highest forage yield was achieved by P1 and also highest lateral stem number, stem diameter and plant height were achieved by P3. The results this experiment showed that planting density is important effective factor on quantity and quality yield of plants that that can affect on quantity yield of alfalfa.

In order to limit the effect of irrigation on the properties of promising forage sorghum lines , an experiment was conducted as split–plot on randomized complete block design with three replications at experimental field of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute , Karaj in 2010.The experimental factors were three irrigation regimes as main plot including normal irrigation( I1=60mm) , moderate stress (I2= 120mm) and sever stress (I3=180mm) evaporation from the surface evaporation pan and five lines as subplot including(KFS2,KFS3,KFS12,KFS17,KFS18).The results of variance analysis showed that forage yield in irrigation regimes were significant differences in 5% probability level. Mean comparisons indicated that forage yield in normal irrigation, moderate stress and sever stress were 119.9, 109.9 and 92.4 tha-1 respectively. Results using stress susceptibility Index (SSI) and tolerance Index (TOL) revealed lines of  KFS2, KFS17 and KFS18 are more tolerant than others .Stress tolerance Index (STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP), their higher values indicate the tolerance of lines under stress, revealed lines of KFS3, KFS18 and KFS2 with dry forage 20.2, 15.2 and 14.4 tha-1 respectively non- stress conditions and dry forage 13.5, 10.4 and 11.2 tha-1 respectively in sever stress conditions, as lines with highest yield in both optimum irrigation and drought conditions. study of high and positive correlation between STI, GMP and MP with yield in optimum and drought conditions indicated that them as the best indices for introduce drought tolerant lines of KFS3 and KFS2 were as suitable lines in drought stress conditions.

This experiment has been arranged in order to investigate the effects of transferring vascular system on yield and components of yield in the main axis of Reyhan and Nosrat spike. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications in the research farm of Islamic Azad University Saveh Branch in 1388-89 years. In this assay the shape of vascular bundles distribution and size and the effects on yield and yield components in barley was checked. The results have shown that the number and size of central vascular bundles decreased along the axis from proximal to distal part of spike as the most number and size decreasing was in the proximal part of spike. This experiment revealed that there is not a straight relationship between decreasing, of size and number of vascular bundles and the weight of grains along barley axis. The most number and size of vascular bundles (No.1 internodes to No. 4 and 5 internodes depends on varieties) detected in the beginning of spike axis. The results have shown all the number of vascular bundles in peduncle of spike was not entering to the spike axis in both of varieties with equal number of spikelets.

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen and plant density on tuber macro elements uptake and C/N ratio of soil tested to produce high quality tuber potatoes (Agria cultivar) in Ardabil region, Iran, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Ardabil, Iran in 2010. Factors included nitrogen fertilizer levels: 0, 80, 160, and 200 kg ha-1 and plant densities: 5.5, 7.5, and 11 plant m-2. Results showed that the highest tuber nitrogen percent and average tuber weight was observed at 80 kg ha-1 (equal to 160 kg ha-1 and 5.5 plant m-2. The highest Cupper and Phosphorus uptake by tuber was gained using 80 kg ha-1 nitrogen and 7.5 plant m-2 density. Increasing fertilizer usage, led to the increase in Calcium and Potassium uptake and increment of soil nitrogen content and decline of organic carbon and soil C/N ratio so that, by applying 200 kg ha-1 nitrogen at a density of 7.5 and 11 plant m-2, the highest Calcium and Potassium uptake by tuber was resulted, respectively. With increasing nitrogen up to 80 kg ha-1 and density, number and yield of tuber per unit area was increased and at 80 and 160 kg ha-1 at density of 11 plant m-2, the highest number and yield of tuber was achieved. So, application of 80 kg ha-1 at the density of 11 plant m-2 to gain the high quality tubers with the highest yield per unit area, and avoid of excess costs, is recommended.

In order to achieve uniform emergence and the higher yields of Citrulus colocynthis. As a medicinal plant, breaking seed dormancy is an essential factor. In this context, regarding the medicinal value of this plant, this experiment was conducted with 20 treatments based on completely randomized design with four replications on the one Citrulus colocynthis ecotype at Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch in 2009. Treatments which used in this experiment were included: control treatment- scratching- 24, 48 and 72 hours washes and two, four, six, eight and 10 weeks putting seeds in the cold conditions. Potassium nitrate in six levels of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 percent, and a normal sulfuric acid, at different times for 2 minutes, 5 minutes, 8 minutes and 11 minutes were used as well. The traits include: percent of germination, germination rate, the mean root length, mean length stem let, the fresh and dry weight of root, the fresh and dry weight of stem let, and the root shoot allometric coefficient were calculated and analysis of variance was performed for each one of traits. Results showed that all treatments used in this experiment had a positive effect on breaking dormancy, except using of 11 minutes sulfuric acid. The highest germination rate and percent of germination was gained by using of 5 minutes of Sulfuric acid there were no significant differences between using of 5 minutes of Sulfuric acid, Potassium nitrate0.4% and scratching treatments related to percent of germination trait. It seems that hard seed coat in this plant is most important factor to prevent seed germination and seed dormancy in this plant to look to be a kind of induction dormant.