JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:13

Blood parameters regarded as valuable tools for monitoring fish health and growth is influenced by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this study that aimed to evaluate the effect environmental and intrinsic factors on hematological parameters of Alburnus chalcoides, 84 fish samples (average body weight 45. 69± 27. 10 gr and average body length 16. 50± 3. 98 cm) were collected from three sampling stations (sea, river, and estuary) in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Gilan Province during 12 months. Biometry and determination of sex, blood samples were collected from the caudal peduncle and used for hematological studies. Red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT) values were significantly in males higher than in females (P<0. 05). These hematological parameters were significantly higher in the river than in the sea and estuary and in the summer than other seasons (P<0. 05). In Pearson correlation test, blood factors had significant negative correlation with water salinity and total length as well as weight of fish. They also had significant positive correlation with water temperature (P<0. 01). Regression analysis showed a significant relationship between blood factors and water temperature (P<0. 01).

Cardiovascular disease, which includes atherosclerosis, is one of the major diseases in the world. High sensitive C-reactive protein is the most sensitive inflammatory marker that recently its serum level predicts risk of cardiovascular disease is suggested. Both garlic (Allium sativum) and lemon (citrus limon) are used in the traditional management of CVD without a scientific evidence of the benefit of their combination. This study designed to investigate the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of combined extracts of A. sativum and C. limon in male Wistar rats after high-fat diet for eight weeks. For this purpose, 42 adult male rats of Wistar strain, with weights between 200 and 250 gr, were divided into six groups (n=7). Group control and Exp3 was fed on normal pellet diet while group control fat, Sham, Exp1 and Exp2 fed on high-fat diet for up to 8 wk. The combined extract was administered to rats in graded doses for 4 wk and blood serum was analyzed for C-reactive protein and total cholesterol. Results are expressed as means ± SE. Significance differences of biochemical measurements were analyzed by using repeated measure and ANOVA tests to identify differences in phases and among groups. When appropriate, a Tukey posthoc was applied. Statistical significance was accepted at PA. sativum and C. limon was recognizable. However, future long-term well-designed investigations would provide valuable information to establish public health recommendations on the combined extract, taking into account both the nature of the compounds and the optimal dose, for cardiovascular health protection.

Vitrification process optimization, as a way to store embryos derived from assisted reproductive techniques, requires dealing with several destructive factors. The presence of carbohydrates as non-permeating cryoprotectants is an attempt in order to reduce these stresses. Since the combination use of sugars leads to better results, in this project, natural honey which consists of various monosaccharides and disaccharides was applied as an alternative to sucrose in mouse blastocyst vitrification. For this purpose, the first part of the experiment was conducted to determine the optimum concentration of honey in vitrification and warming solutions. The second part was designed to compare the effect of honey-based selected solutions and sucrose-based one in terms of survival, hatching and implantation rate. Among different concentrations of honey, optimum concentrations of 1 and 2 M were chosen for vitrification and thawing mediums, respectively. Results of the second part demonstrated that, not only the survival rate can be equal with sucrose when using honey, but it also brings about as good results as the sucrose-based group regarding the hatching rate and more importantly the implantation rate. Therefore, we can introduce natural honey, as an appropriate substitute for sucrose to optimization the vitrification process.

Heavy metals enter the environment by natural and human resources, and the rate of their entry into the environment is considerable. Water ecosystems are naturally the final recipient of the metals. This study aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb) in, Cyprinus carpio fish. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Samples of C. carpio muscle in Dezful City, southern Iran were assessed. Overall, 200 C. carpio fish samples were selected and analyzed randomly. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb were respectively 2. 08, 0. 2, 1. 41, 39. 95, 34. 5 mg/ kg dry weight. The amount of Cd, Ni, Pb was higher than standard level of the FAO, MAFF, FDA, and WHO but Cr and Zn was lower than the standard of international organizations. Risk index (HQ) of Cd and Pb metals was higher than one but for other metals were lower than one. Consuming this kind of fish is a serious threat for consumers of the region.

Lavendula officinalis has sedative properties of aqueous extract. It is effective on diabetes and depression and has antimicrobial properties and manage. However, its effect on reproductive system has not been reviewed yet. Therefore, in this study, the effect of L. officinalis aqueous extract on ovaries BALB/c adult female mouse was stdied. After preparation of aqueous extract and when we observed lack of lethal symptoms, experiments were continued with selected doses as follows: 6 (group1: 15 mice), 12 (group2: 15 mice), 18 (group3: 15mice) g/kg. bw. Intraperitoneally injections were done for 12 d on 65 mice. Results were compared with the control group (non-injection: 10 mice) and sham (injection of normal saline: 10 mice). For reliability, experiences were repeated 2 times. Data was checked with SPSS 20 and Duncan test and ANOVA with condition (P<0. 05) and (P<0. 001). The experimental groups1 and 2, showed a significant decrease in large and small diameters of ovaries (P<0. 05). In experimental group3 showed a significant increase in numbers of primary follicles (P<0. 05). All experimental groups showed a significant decrease of growing, Graafian follicle and corpus luteum. L. officinalis aqueous extract has detrimental effect on female ovaries and may be use as a contraceptive pill in the future.

Nowadays, millions of people around the world abused methamphetamine as drug in order to enjoy the day. With regard to the side and addictive effects of this drug, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Adagio and Allegro music on craving consumption in rats treated with methamphetamine. This experimental study was performed in Islamic Azad University of Marvdasht, Iran in 2016. Overall, 70 adult male rats were divided into control group (no treatment), sham (treated with a solvent) and 5 experimental groups receiving 1mg/kg methamphetamine influenced Adagio music, Allegro music, Adagio music with methamphetamine and Allegro music with methamphetamine. To assess craving consumption, conditioned place preference method was used. At the end, the data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey-test using SPSS-18. Significant differences of data at P≤ 0. 05 were observed from the data analysis. Using methamphetamine and Adagio music alone and with each other as well as Allegro music with methamphetamine resulted in a significant increase Conditioned Place Preference at P≤ 0/01 compared to the control group while the Allegro music alone showed no significant effect. Music and methamphetamine probably by stimulating oxytocin and dopamine systems of the brain caused to increase the conditioned place preference; therefore, likely Adagio music can be employed as a safe way to reduce craving consumption in abusers.

Exogenous lung surfactant has been prescribed in some respiratory disorders. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 produced by monocytes induces phagocytosis to remove infection from the body. For in vivo evaluation, five rabbits were selected, anesthetized and surfactant solutions were infused into the lungs. Blood samples were collected to determine the cytokines at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, 7 d and 30 d after drug administration and gene expression evaluated by Real-time PCR. Serum levels of MCP-1 increased at 24 h after surfactant therapy. Additionally, gene expression of MCP-1 at 48 h after drug administration reached its maximum. A surfactant as a therapeutic agent can up-regulates cytokines release from cells in different ways and could contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells within the air spaces in different condition.

A peptic ulcer is a common disease. One of the goals of therapy is using drugs with fewer side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Scrophularia strata (Scrophularia) extract in the prevention of gastric ulcers induced by indomethacin in rats. Overall, 64 male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups. Experimental groups including 1-control group that received normal saline 0. 9% and at the last day received 48 mg indomethacin. 2-Ascorbic acid 50 mg/kg-indomethacin treatment; 3-Omeprazole 10 mg/kg-indomethacin treatment; 4-Ranitidine 50 mg/kg-indomethacin treatment; 5-S. strata 10 mg/kg – indomethacin treatment; 6-S. strata 50 mg/kg-indomethacin treatment; 7-S. strata 100 mg/kg-indomethacin treatment; 8-S. strata 150 mg/kg-indomethacin treatment. After macroscopic examination, stomach tissue was studied to examine the enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity levels in S. strata 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg treatment was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0. 001). The superoxide dismutase activity in S. strata 100 and 150 mg/kg treatment was significantly increased compared with the control group (P<0. 001). Stomach tissue damage significantly decreased in the group receiving 100 and 150 mg/kg S. strata and group receiving ranitidine and indomethacin compared to control (P<0. 001). S. strata extract increased catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and dose-dependently prevented the stomach tissue damage (by increasing the level of endogenic antioxidant).

In this study, the toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the difference in sensitivities in naupliar and adult stages of Artemia fransiscana, were evaluated to absorption of chemical and biosynthesized by the seaweed Ulva flexuosa, forms of AgNPs. The A. nauplii and adult were exposed to additive serial concentration of biosynthetic and chemical AgNPs. Mortality in each group at the times of 12, 24, 36 and 48 h after exposure to AgNPs were recorded and analyzed via Probit software. The toxicity of these two types of AgNPs on A. nauplii and adult increased in a dose-dependent manner, but also their toxicity increased along with duration of exposure time. The toxicity of nanoparticles were significantly different (P<0. 05). Therefore, after 48 h, the LC50 value of chemical AgNPs in the A. nauplii was 31. 8 mg/l, while 48 h LC50 for biosynthesis AgNPs was 366. 96 mg/l. While the concentration of the chemical AgNPs have assessed in adults artemia during exposure was 47 mg/l and for biosynthesis form of AgNPs was 240 mg/l. The chemical form of AgNPs was more toxic potential than a biosynthetic form of its. The sensitivity of A. nauplii to chemical AgNPs was more than to mature stage, but compared to biosynthesis form was less than adult. This research could be pioneer to the development of biocompatible functionality of nanoparticles with eco-management objectives.

The effect of supplementation with lycopene (tomato juice) on the TAC and MDA in obese men after resistance exercise was examined. In this study, 20 obese men (BMI ≥ 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: placebo (n = 10) and supplements (n = 10). Group supplements daily for two weeks 2 tablets of 200 mg lycopene and the placebo group the amount received placebo. Then the two groups participating in resistance exercise and venous blood samples at three stages: before supplementation (2 wk before the activity), before, and 24 h after the exercise was collected. The TAC and MDA concentration of biomarker in the supplement group were respectively increased and decreased significantly in the placebo group over time (P≤ 0. 05). Supplementation with spirulina could increase plasma antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress in obese men after resistance exercise.