JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2017 | Volume:9 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:15

Gastric ulcer is a benign disease in the digestion system caused by a small ulcer in the mucus layer of stomach. One of the ways to cure ulcer is using medicinal herbs. The medicinal herb, helpful in curing the gastric, is Ricinus communis. Its oil is antibacterial, antivirus and antifungal. It contains ricin oil, antioxidant, tanen and vitamin A, E and C that reduces inflammation of the ulcer. In this investigation, 60 male rats weighing 240-280 gr were provided. They were divided into 8 groups randomly, each including 12 rats. Control, sham and experiment group 1, 2, 3 with 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for Ricinus rats were not fed 48 h, 2h given water before surgery. Gastric was caused by injecting acetic acid to where there were no vessels. One day after causing the gastric, oil was given to the rats through gavage tube with different doses. The rats were killed in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14, and their stomachs were extracted and the dimensions of ulcer calculated based on millimeter square. After cutting samples and providing Lam with hematoxylin and eosin stain the percentage of recovery in oil of Ricinus in three doses (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) in the day 4, 7, 10 and 14 had a meaningful increase in comparison with Sham and control group (P<0. 05).

Many factors can influence the quality of embryos produced in vitro. Oxygen concentration is one of these environment parameters, which its high level can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing detrimental effects on embryo. Pronuclear stage is the critical time of embryo development, affected by oxygen toxicity more than other stages, so that destructive impacts of oxygen may disappear when in vitro culture initiates from next stages. The present study was conducted to compare the effects of two-oxygen concentration, atmospheric (20% O2) and hypoxic (5% O2) on development of 2-cell embryos to the blastocyst stage. Two-cell embryos were divided randomly into 2 groups including hypoxic and atmospheric groups and were cultured to the blastocyst stage under mentioned conditions. Finally, the blastocysts quality was evaluated in terms of blastocyst formation, hatching rate, cell number and implantation rate after embryo transfer. The results showed a significant increase in the blastocyst formation, hatching and implantation rates in the hypoxic group compared to atmospheric one (P<0. 05). Furthermore, total cell number and inner cell mass (ICM)/total cell number were improved in hypoxic group (P<0. 05). Our results not only highlighted the fact that hypoxia condition can support embryo development better than atmospheric one, but also showed that contrary to the last reports, destructive effect of oxygen could affect the quality of mouse embryos during all developmental stages.

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in Iran, lives in the Caspian Sea basin and Hamoon Lake in Sistan-Baluchistan Province. Propagation and breeding of these fish are economically justified with the value of the fisheries. Today, this fish is used for avoiding severe growing plants in water channels or natural ponds and their reproduction and breeding it has become commonplace. In this study, the lethal concentration (LC5096h) of the insecticide confidor (Imidacloprid) was estimated for the juveniles of the grass carp (C. idella). For 96 h, 150 young grass carps (3-4gr) in 5 groups (1 control and 4 replicates) were treated with the insecticide confidor (Imidacloprid) in concentrations 0, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/l and the lethal concentration (LC5096h) and the maximum allowable concentration (M. A. C. value) were estimated. The lethal concentration (LC5096h) of the insecticide confidor was 300 mg/l and the maximum allowable concentration (M. A. C. value) was 30 mg/l. The toxicity of the insecticide confidor (Imidacloprid) was “ virtually non-toxic” for the juveniles of the grass carp.

Chlorpyrifos is one of organophosphate insecticides and had studied in recent years because it has many complications devastating on skin, nervous, respiratory and digestive systems, but its effects on the embryo especially during pregnancy has not been reviewed. Therefore, in study the teratogenic effects pesticide of Chlorpyrifos on the development of BALB/c mouse embryos 3rd to 6thd of pregnancy. In this study, 50 female BALB/c mouse were randomly divided into 6 equal groups a control group (non-injection: 5 mice) and witness (injection of saline: 5 mice) and 4 experimental groups (each group: 10 mice). A lethal dose LD50 was determined in condition of 25. 32 ml/kg. bw in vivo and selected dose for injection 0. 4 ml/kg. bw. Injection was done on the 3rdto 6th d of pregnancy days by enema. Then the mouse was sacrificed on day 15 of pregnancy. For security of results above experiences was repeated 2 times. Data were checked with SPSS 17 software by percentage. After a comparative study at this dose has been observed a significant increase, extrahepatic, exencephaly, syndactyly, having a defect in dynamic organs (legs and hands), extensive bleeding in whole body and exophthalmia were compared with control and witness groups. According to the findings, negative effects of Chlorpyrifos use as pesticides in agricultural products. On the mouse embryos, it is recommended to protect the environment and human health, especially pregnant women use of non-chemical methods to control pests.

Nanoparticles should be investigated under the laboratory conditions for using in treatment of diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoparticles of iron-zinc (Fe2O4Zn) on the factors kidney male rats Wistar. In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups containing two experimental and one control group. The control group received 0. 5 ml of saline solution but others groups received 0. 5 ml of iron nanoparticle with concentration of 100 ppm and 200 ppm, respectively for 7 consecutive days injected intraperitoneally. On the second, seventh and fourteenth day after treatment, blood from the corner of the eyelids was done with capillary tube. Urea, uric acid, and creatinine were measured using ELISA method. Results showed that urea and uric acid levels in the seventh and fourteenth days after treatment at a dose of 100 ppm and 200 ppm were decreased. The creatinine values at 2, 7 and 14 d after treatment 100 ppm and 200 ppm were increased. At a low dose, nanoparticles sediment in the connective tissue and cytoplasm of proximal and distal renal cell and at high doses of nanoparticles, deposit is made in cells of the proximal tubule and in the central part of kidney. Levels of urea and uric acid were reduced and creatinine was increased. The results of histological showed nanoparticle deposition in the kidney. The application of Fe2O4Zn nanoparticles in the biological system had no stable and long-term toxic effects on the animal body.

Nanoparticles are important in many aspects of human health applications. Given the lack of detailed documentation about the toxicity of silver nanoparticles, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of silver nanoparticles on lung tissue changes. In this study, 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 10, control, experimental 1 and experimental 2, were studied. For the control group distilled water, for experimental group 1 to 20-nanometer particles at a concentration of 500 mg per kg and for experimental groups of 2 to 20 nm nanoparticles with a concentration of 1000 mg/kg was used by inhalation for 10 d were investigated. After 10 d, mice were sacrificed and their lung tissues were isolated and dissolved in acid. Silver deposits in lung tissues were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis showed that silver nanoparticles in lung tissues at doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, in comparison with the control group had significant changes and effects on lung tissues. Changes indicated the cell and tissue damages, respectively. Lung as one of the important organs in the body respiratory system can be a place deposition of silver nanoparticles.

Herbal product consumption and use of herbal medicines are now the most popular treatment methods. In the meantime, ginseng belongs to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae has been among top ten common plants in people's food basket. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginseng extract on oogenesis in the adult NMRI strain. In this experimental study, we randomly divided 30 adult female mouse NMRI strain into 5 groups for 30 d as follows: 1) Control (not gavaged), 2) Sham (gavaged water), 3) Treatment groups (gavaged 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg ginseng extract). Ginseng water extract was prepared in distilled water. After 30 d, they were killed. Ovarian and uterine tissue were removed and studied. The number of primary follicles in three experimental groups was 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. Secondary follicles with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg groups and graaf follicle with dose of 200 mg/kg group showed significant increase. Reduction in atretic follicle in groups with doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg was observed. Uterine studies showed significant increase in the thickness of perimeter and endometrial layer in group with dose of 100 mg/kg and the number of glands in experimental groups 1 and 2 showed increased. Finally, wecan say that using red ginseng water extract is effective on oogenesis and uterus tissue.

There are various tools for monitoring the concentration of pollutants on aquatic ecosystems. Today these studies are based on biological monitoring and biomarkers. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) as biomarkers of heavy metal contamination in pearl oyster Pinctada radiata in aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals lead, cadmium and nickel were measured in soft tissue and studied stations in four seasons. Samples were collected seasonally in Lavan stations, Hendurabi and Nakhilo (in the northern Persian Gulf) from spring 2013 to winter of that year by scuba diving. Pearl oysters were divided according to their shells size. Shells were separated from soft tissues and were transferred to the laboratory for analysis of heavy metals and enzymes. MOOPAM standard method was used for measuring the concentration of heavy metals and for analyzing tissue concentrations of GST in Clam the method were used. The concentration analysis of heavy metals nickel, cadmium and lead in sediments at all stations were 1. 6 ± 0. 12 and 0. 69 ± 0. 04 and 4. 16 ± 0. 30 ppm, and the concentration analysis of heavy metals nickel, cadmium and lead in the soft tissue of Pinctada radiata in all three stations, respectively 0. 12 ± 0. 58 and 1. 86 ± 0. 04 and 1. 94 ± 0. 30 in parts per million. The concentration of lead was significantly different in sediment station. Comparing the results of this study with related standards and other similar studies at the regional and international level showed that pollutant concentration of heavy metals in all cases was significantly less than all the associated standards and guide values. The concentration of GST was almost similar to each other and parameters, station and seasons were significantly different as for the concentrations of this enzyme. Seasonal changes in antioxidant enzymes related to (assuming a constant in salinity and oxygen) to age, reproductive cycle, and availability of food and water temperature. With increasing temperature at warm season, antioxidant enzymes increased, with increasing temperature and abundance of food in the environment a number of antioxidant enzymes may increase. The presence of the enzyme concentration may indicate that the higher levels of the enzyme to eliminate ROS activities to be any healthier situation. Due to low pollutants of heavy metals in the study area, a lower level of contaminants was observed in shellfish tissue. A strong correlation was not observed between the amount of heavy metal contamination in pearl oyster tissue and enzymes. Therefore, we can say that the pearl oyster remains in a healthy condition and the amount of enzyme is normal.

Parkinson's disease is a prevalent neuropathological disorder induced due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of substantia nigra. Oxidative stress is regarded as the main factor of this disease that causes death of neurons. Considering the protective antioxidative property of ellagic acid, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ellagic acid on motor disorders and memory of animal model of Parkinson's disease. Forty male rats were divided into 5 groups. To create an animal model, the rats received 6-OHDA neural poison with dose of 8 µ g in 2 µ l of normal saline solution with 0. 01% of ascorbic acid inside medial forebrain bundle (MFB) on the left side of the brain. The treatment groups received ellagic acid with doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg for 14 d as gastric gavage and tests were conducted on the rats one day after the last gavage. Ellagic acid improves motor and memory disorders motor disorders and memory resulting from Parkinson's disease particularly at doses 50 mg/kg. Considering the present findings, ellagic acid has a protective effect on 6-OHDA in the experimental model of Parkinson's disease.

Cisplatin is an anti-cancer drug used in chemotherapy. One of the limiting side effects of cisplatin use is cytotoxicity and decrease in genital gland function, azoospermia, and oligospermia. Tribulus terrestris has been used as an aphrodisiac. The present study amid to investigatethe protective effect of T. terrestris hydroalcoholic extract on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on spermatogenesis in mice. In this experimental study, thirty male adult mice weighning 25-30 gr were randomly divided into five groups of six members each. Control group received saline, first experimental group received cisplatin (5. 5 mg/kg) and other three experimental group, that received different doses of hydroalcoholic extract of T. terrestris 100-300 and 500 (mg/kg/i. p) with cisplatin respectively. The day after the last injection, weights of body and testis were measured and after anesthesia, their testes were taken out and tissue dissections were assessed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and one-way ANOVA. Cisplatin led to a reduction significantly in the weights of body, testis (P<0. 05) and spermatogenesis compared to the control group (P<0. 001), while in treated groups with T. terrestris, the weights of body, testis, and spermatogenesis were higher compared with cisplatin group. Extract of T. terrestris could effect of protective on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on sperm morphology related to the presence of antioxidant components.