JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:9

Methotrexate is a chemotherapy drug that is widely used in neoplastic disorders and ectopic pregnancy. In previous research, the toxicity of methotrexate has been reported on the genital tract. The properties of Royal jelly such as impotence improvement, and antioxidant and anticancer function have been reported. Therefore, in the present research, the effect of Royal jelly on ovarian cells in NMRI female mice treated with methotrexate was investigated. In this study, 70 female mice were divided into: negative control (without injection), positive control (received 0. 5 mg/kg methotrexate), sham, and three experimental groups (T1, T2, and T3 received methotrexate plus 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg Royal jelly). Intraperitoneal injection was performed for 8 days. After histological processing and staining, the ovarian tissue, primary, secondary and graafian follicles, yellow body, as well the number of generation was investigated. Data were analyzed by Tukey test and one way ANOVA. Results showed there was a significant decrease in the number of generation in positive control, but the number of generation in experimental groups returned to the initial state. Regarding the duration of fertility, there was a significant decrease in the fertility rate in T1 and T3 compared to positive control group. The results of estrogen hormone showed a significant decrease in positive control group compared to negative control and increased significantly in T1 and T2. The number of primary, secondary, and graafian follicles in T 2 and T3 showed a significant increase (P<0. 001). According to the present study, it was found that with further investigations, the appropriate dose of Royal jelly could act as a protective agent against the side effects of methotrexate and improve fertility.

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the American Heart Association, the prevalence of the cardiovascular diseases has an inflammatory basis, and general inflammation plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training on LXR gene expression and serum TNFα levels in CABG patients. Twenty-four men who underwent bypass surgery were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=12) and control (n=12) groups. The experimental group performed aerobic resistance training for eight weeks (3 sessions per week) and the control group did not. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the start of the first training session and also 48 hours after the last training session while all subjects fated. Independent and paired samples Student's t-test and Shapirovilk test were used to normalize the data at a significant level of 0. 05. The results of the present study showed that the training group experienced a significant increase in LXR mRNA gene expression and a decrease in serum TNFα levels as a result of eight weeks of aerobic resistance training compared to the control group. The same changes were seen as the within group differences in the pre-test and post-test in the training group. The findings of this study showed that an eight-week combined aerobic and resistance training program could regularly increase the LXR gene expression and decrease serum TNFα levels in CABG patients.

Quenzim Q10 (CoQ10) is a benzoquinone compound soluble in androgen lipid found in most tissues of the body. CoQ10 has a potent antioxidant activity and neutralizes free radicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CoQ10 as a potent antioxidant and free radicals neutralizer on reproductive disorders, sexual behaviors, anxiety, and depression in male rats. In this study, small male rats (weight range of30-35 g) were used. At first, the animals under study passed a two-week treatment period. The adult male rats were treated with doses of 200, 300, 400 mg/kg of CoQ10 for two weeks. Then the effects of the given treatment were studied in the physiologic section. After the end of the treatment period, the sexual behaviors were assessed in the control group and treated groups by sexual behavior test. Then, the anxiety and depression levels in adult male rats were assessed using EPM and forced swimming tests, respectively. The findings of this study showed that the prescription of CoQ10 alone did not have a significant effect on sexual behaviors, depression, and anxiety in male rats.

Social isolation in the early stages of life may lead to some types of neurological disorders. Dopamine is one of the most important brain neurotransmitters playing significant roles in reward pathway in the brain. The present study aimed at determining the impact of serotonin agonist and dopamine agonist on fear behavior in the rats of social isolation model. Forty rats (after the age of 23-day) were selected and kept in separate cages with black plastic buffers for six weeks. Eight rats were assigned to the control (social) group and the rest were placed in individual cages: one male rat per cage. In group 1 or control (social) group, they received saline carrier. Group 2 was only kept under social isolation conditions without any drug injections; and Group 3 received 1-(3-chloropheny) piperazine, serotonin agonist. Tolerating social isolation conditions, Group 4 received dopamine agonist apomorphine. Group 5 received both piperazine (m-cpp) serotonin agonist and dopamine agonist apomorphine. The results show that the time of entry in open arm in the group receiving apomorphine was significantly higher than in the control (social) group (P ≤ 0. 001). The time of entry in open arm in the group receiving 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine was significantly lower than in the control (social) group. The findings of the present study in social isolation conditions indicate that apomorphine can significantly decrease anxiety. 1-(3-chlorophenyl) piperazine (m-cpp) serotonin agonist has stimulating effects similar to serotonin, causing anxiety.

The bowel or colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal malignancies caused by environmental and genetic factors. The phenomenal growth in the number of people with CRC worldwide, especially in Iran highlights the importance of research on CRC. The current study focused on molecular pathways involved in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer to identify a new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker for CRC. Colorectal cancer is the consequence of dysplasia in the initial intestinal appendages also known as polyps which are different and unknown in terms of morphology, molecular mechanisms, and the ability to affect intestinal carcinogenesis. In this cross-sectional study, 208 colorectal tissue biopsy specimens, including 34 tumor tissue, , 60 precancerous lesions with adjacent tissue, as well as 20 normal tissue specimens were collected. CUL3 gene expression was evaluated using real-time PCR method. No significant difference was observed in mRNA expression level of CUL3 between polyp tissues and their normal adjacent samples (p = 0. 35). Our results showed a statistically significant difference in CUL3 expression neither between tumor tissues and their adjacent normal samples (p = 0. 89) nor among tumor and polyp groups (p = 0. 48). CUL3 could play a critical role in regulating carcinogenesis and progression of CRC through stimulating proteasomal degradation of various tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Studies on CUL3-affected substrates in colorectal cancer are of significant importance.

Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture. This toxic material is absorbed via inhalation, skin contact, or digestion and affects different tissues. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the diazinon effect on histomorphometrical changes of hippocampus in the small laboratory Balb/c mouse embryo. Twenty-five adult laboratory female Balb/c mice were equally divided into five groups of 5. The control group received no diazinon. The sham A and B groups received emulsifier at doses of 0/52 and 5. 2 microliter in volume unit (5000cm3 in desiccator), respectively, and the experimental groups A and B received inhaled diazinon at doses of 1/3 and 13 microliter in the volume unit, respectively from day 7 until 18 of gestation every other day. The mice were killed on gestation day 18 and the embryos were removed from the animal's body and examined in terms of the appearance. After the embryos were fixed and processed, the 5-micrometer sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) technique and the histomorphometric changes of the hippocampus were investigated. The mean thickness of various hippocampus layers of CA1, CA2, and CA3 decreased in experimental groups A and B. The mean number of cells count in different layers of hippocampus and dentate gyrus increased in experimental groups A and B. Diazinon inhalation at high doses (13 microliters in volume unit) seems to be able to cause histological changes in the evolution process of hippocampus in pregnant mice.

Retinoids and stem cell factor play an important role in the stem cells proliferation, survival, and differentiation into sperm. Therefore, in this study, the effect of stem cell factor and retinoids on the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial cells in testis seminiferous tubules of obstructive azoospermia model adult rats was investigated using the tissue culture system. The testicular tissue fragments were cultured in the culture medium supplement with retinoids or stem cell factor, or a combination of both at the temperature of 34. 5 ° C and 5% CO2 for 25, 30, and 35 days. Then, the stained tissue sections prepared at the mentioned times were evaluated using PAS and hematoxylin staining methods. The cell counting per unit area was done using ImageJ software, and the statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test. The number of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, and Leydig cells increased significantly on day 25, 30 and 35 of culture; additionally, the number of round and elongated spermatid increased significantly on day 35 of culture in the testicular tissue of the obstructive azoospermia compared to the experimental and control groups (p < 0. 001). Histological examination of testicular tissue in different culture conditions revealed pathological changes in the epithelialmaking cells. Retinoids played a more effective role on day 35 of culture compared to other factors in maintaining and proliferation of cell lines of the spermatogenesis process. As these factors are not alone the cause of proliferation and differentiation induction, therefore optimizing the culture medium is recommended to achieve adult sperm.