JOURNAL OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:10

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and since dietary fiber lowers the absorption of sugars, so it is effective in preventing and treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Also, in those who have a regular exercise program, reduced blood glucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity, can be the beneficial effects of this activity. Therefore, it is considered necessary to study the factors involved in the prevention and treatment of this disease (diabetes) in the age group of 40-60 years with type diabetes 2 so that its results can be used to design programs that lead to treatment and The control of diabetes is in middle age, and in this way the cost of treatment in the country will be reduced. Therefore, the subjects were matched to age, sex, height, and weight and blood glucose in 3 groups of 10, and the subjects were all type diabetes 2 mellitus. Forty grams of wheat bran were fed to the daily diet of the subjects in group A and group B aerobic exercise (walking), three sessions per week, for 30 minutes with moderate intensity (60-80% of maximum heart rate) and for 8 weeks And group C: control group and the results showed that only FBS had a significant difference and HBA1C was significantly lower in the aerobic exercise with diet and bran intake group were more significant than other groups after consuming wheat bran supplementation, the blood glucose levels are lowered and controlled.

Increased levels of blood cholesterol and triglyceride have many implications for humans and sufferers suffer from high costs annually. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of leaf extract of artichoke after lead inhalation in triglyceride and cholesterol levels in rats. In the first day, 5 groups of 6 male adult rats were contracted except for the control group under the lead inhalation. From the first day, 5 mg of extract gavage in the experimental groups at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg Mice weight was measured for 10 days. On the 10th day, the blood was collected from the heart and the remaining blood was separated and frozen with triglyceride and cholesterol kits for measurement. In this method (SPSS software, mean ± SD) method and Tukey test were used for data analysis. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels were determined by special kit after lead inhalation in the blood and after application of artichoke extract, p≤ 0. 001 was statistically significant. The result was a decrease in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the artichoke leaf extract. due to its high antioxidant properties, leaf extract can reduce blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Therefore, Artichoke can be useful for reducing blood glucose in daily diet.

With the development of technology, and the diversification of chemicals needed in the industry, agriculture has increasingly expanded in recent decades, with increasing population, industrial and agricultural activities; the input of pollutants into the environment has increased. This research was carried out in 2016 with the aim of evaluating the possibility of non-cancerous effects of heavy metals caused by the consumption of Barbus grypus fish in the city of Mahshahr in summer. In this research, samples of fish required from the daily fisherman's hunting in Mahshahr port were prepared in 2016. Sampling was done randomly from trapped and ready-made fish in the market, in which 26 samples were used. After biometrics, the muscle tissue of the samples was isolated and chemically digested. A ratio of density of cadmium, nickel, lead, chromium and zinc on the muscle was measured by atomic absorption device (Ultima2c) and based on information gathering; the risk ratio of heavy metals was determined by the questionnaire. The results of this study showed that the average concentration of cadmium and nickel, lead, chromium and zinc on fish Barbus grypus to arrange 2. 848, 1. 933, 23. 3, 23. 93 and 0. 045 mg. dry weight, which was the amount of metallic cadmium, nickel, lead higher than the standard set by the world Organization like FAO, WHO, MAFF and FDA. According to the results of this study, the hazard ratio (HQ) of cadmium was higher than 1 (1. 10), nickel lower than 1 (0. 82), lead more than 1 (999. 9), chromium less than 1 (0. 019), and zinc more than 1 (10. 25), according to which the consumption of Barbus grypus fish in this area would have a severe risk for consumers as a result of heavy metals.

Passiflora caerulea is one of medicinal plants that has contained high anti-oxidant combinations and are useful in curing epilepsy, diarrhea, burn, Hemorrhoid and in regulating liver enzymes. The objective of this study was evaluation of effect of passiflora caerulea leaf hydroalcoholic extract on some biochemical factors in adult male rat. 40 male rats, about 195-200 g each were used in five groups. The control group did not receive any drug treatment, sham group found only distilled water, and experimental groups receiving 150, 300, 600, mg/kg leaves of passiflora caerulea Hydro-alcohol extract respectively during 21 days. After the end of this period, blood samples were taken from the heart to measure the biochemical factors (urea, creatinine, albumin, total protein). The results were analyzed using SPSS software and comparison of meanings was done using T. test. The results showed that the amount of albumin in the experimental group receiving 600 mg / kg of the extract decreased significantly compared to the control group. Total protein, cratinin and total body weight had no significant changes with control group. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of Passionate flower leaf caused reduction of blood urea nitrogen levels in all experimental groups receiving the extracts as compared to the control. According to the results of this study, it can be argued that the Passiflora caerulea plays a supporting role for the liver, and the lack of liver damage in the rats indicated this issue.

Essential oils are complex mixtures of several components endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer properties. Due to the side effects and the resistance of synthetic drugs, plant products are considered for the treatment of cancer. This study is performed the effect of cytotoxicity of essential oil from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (EOSZ) on K562 cell line as a model of chronic myeloid leukemia. In this study, the seeds of Z. jujube were collected from the Isfahan city, and essential oils were extracted by Clevenger apparatus and then the combination by gas chromatography and spectrophotometry were identified. K562 cells were cultured and treated with concentrations of essential oils of 1 to 900 micrograms per milliliter (in 24h, 48h, and 72h). Cytotoxicity of essential oil from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (EOSZ) against K562 leukemia cells was estimated by the MTT assay. The absorbance was measured using ELISA plate reader (540 nm) were measured. Then the data were analyzed with the computer software SPSS version 15. 0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA), t. test and ANOVA. 24 compounds were identified in the essential oil, the main component of which was Eugenol. Essential oil from the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba (EOSZ), the highest cytotoxic effect in LC50 = 200 micrograms per milliliter and 72 hours after treatment. In other words, the seed essential oil from Zizyphus jujuba(EOSZ) expresses the effects of cellular toxicity on k562 cells, depending on the dose and time. Considering the toxicity of seed essential oil from Zizyphus jujuba (EOSZ), seed essential oil from Zizyphus jujubacan be considered a Potential candidate for further CML studies, and other cancer cells.

The effect of different types of exercise training in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Therefore, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks’ resistance training on serum levels of hepatic enzymes' including AST, ALT and ALP in overweight men’ s afflicted by NAFLD. For this purpose, 30 overweight men’ s afflicted by NAFLD with average age 40. 2 ± 2. 5 and weight 75. 5 ± 3. 19 randomly divided in control (n=15) and resistance training (n=15) groups. Subjects in training group take part in resistance training program for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Training intensity increased from 40 percent of 1RM in first week to 70 percent of 1RM in last week. Blood samples collected in the end of research protocol and given variables measured in serum. Present study result analyzed by SPSS-24 software and using analyze covariance (ANCOVA) test. Results indicated that serum levels of AST (p= 0. 024) and ALT (p= 0. 006) significantly decreased in resistance training group, but changes in serum levels of ALP wasn’ t significant (p= 0. 096). Moreover, result indicated significant improvement of lipid profile in trained group (p= 0. 001). According to present study result, positive effect of resistance training in patient with NAFLD may be exert by decreasing levels of hepatic enzyme and this training program can play effective role in modulating lipid profile in patient with NAFL.

Type 2 diabetes is the most common diabetes and includes about 90% of all diabetic cases in the world. The most common gene polymorphism (VEGF405CG) is in the untranslated region of 5UTR, 405CG polymorphism probably has an effect on the level of expression after the gene translation and increases the gene products. VEGF is a vascular endothelium factor that plays an important role in DR pathogenicity as an angiogenic and capillary permeability factor. Therefore, VEGF405CG may be a good candidate for potential of catching diabetes type 2. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between this gene and diseases such as type 2 diabetes in the population of Mazandaran province. The tested specimens consisted of 50 patient and 50 healthy people referring to the Atieh and Shahid Babaei laboratories. About 1 ml of blood containing EDTA (CBC) from 50 patient and 50 healthy individual was taken as a control after obtaining informed consent. In order to determine the amount and quality of DNA, which is a very important step in the RFLP method, spectrophotometric and electrophoresis method were used for quantitative and qualitative evaluation, respectively. To estimate the concentration of DNA, 4 μ l of the base DNA solution was mixed with 1 μ l of the sampler buffer and in a well, 1. 5% agarose gel was evacuated in TAE buffer. A PCR product was evaluated on an2 % agarose gel. 5 μ l of product of each reaction with 1 ml of color transferred to gel wells and electrophoresis was performed at a voltage of 100 V for 1. 5 hours. The gel was stained in ethidium bromide solution (0. 5 mg/ml) for 20 minutes and after transferred to distilled water was photographed with gel dock. This study does not show any association between VEGF405CG polymorphism among type II diabetic patients and further study is needed in different populations to better understanding the role of VEGF405CG.