Seed and Plant
Year:2001 | Volume:17 | Issue:1|Papers Count:12

In order to determine the high yielding and adaptable chickpea cultivars to rainfed conditions of Kurdistan province, a trial was conducted for three years (1996-1998) at Kharke Experimental Station of Kurdistan. In this experiment twelve genotypes of Kabuli type chickpea were compared in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. Yield and some yield - related characters were measured at proper times and statistical analysis such as simple and combined ANOV A and estimation of correlation coefficients were done and final results were obtained. Seed yield was negatively correlated with plant height and 100 seeds weight and positively with number of seeds per pod. Stability parameters based on Eberhart and Russell method and also comparisons of average yield of each entry using Duncan's Multiple Range Test showed that, cultivars ILC 482 and line 5-61-53 with yield means of 1040 and 1002 kgha-1, performed more stable yield and were found to be adaptable to Kurdistan region.

In this experiment the chilling and heating requirements of 5 commercial apricot (Prunus armenica L .) cultivars, Nasiri, Ordobad, Ghorban-e-Maragheh, Ghermez- e- Shahrood and Dorosht-e-Malayer were studied during years 1997-99 to assess their adaptability and time of blooming under different climatic conditions at Sahand Horticultural Research Station. Cut shoots of cultivars were prepared and kept in growth chamber in 15 days intervals, during the dormant period, from mid-summer up to late winter. The results indicated that the cultivars had different phases of dormancy during fall and winter, nevertheless they were blooming at the same time. The cultivar Ghorban-e-Maragheh with a short dormancy period had low chilling and high heating requirements. The cultivars Nasiri and Ordobad had deep and long true dormancy with high chilling requirements.

The Chapati is a flat unleavened baked prodouct which forms the staple food of the majority of the population in the Indian subcontinent. Studies were carried out to determine the effect of surfactants on the pasting characteristics of commercial Whole Wheat Flour (WWF) as well as the quality of Chapati during storage for 1, 24 and 48 hours. WWF with 0.25%, 0.50% or 75% Glycerol Mono Stearate (GMS), Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate (SSL) and a 50:50 mixture of GMS+SSL used to make Chapaties. The pasting characterstics of improved flours and the texture characteristics of Chapaties measured using a Rapid Visco Analyzer and a Texture Analyzer respectively. The overall sensory score which is an indicator of appearance, aroma, pliability, tearing strength and eating quality was used to assess the product quality in the preparation and preservation of Chapati. The studies indicated that the pasting characteristics of flours, texture analysis parameters and sensory characteristics of Chapaties during the storage varied depending on the type and the amount of surfactants. Chapati made from WWF with 0.5% GMS was softer and more desirable in appearance, had a typical wheaty aroma and resisted tearing during the storage and thus this mixture was considered to be the most suitable for preparation and preservation of Chapati.

This study was conducted on nine bread wheat genotypes from three different class of growth habit (spring, facultative and winter) in two different planting dates (early planting in early October and late planting in late November), in Maragheh region during three consecutive cropping seasons (1995-1998). Maragheh is a cold dry area with average percipitation of 365mm and altitude of 1720 m above sea level, located at 46°, 30' eastern longitude and 37°, 15' north latitude in north west of Iran. The experimental design was split plot based on R.C.B.D. with 3 replications, in which the main and sub-plots were allocated to the planting dates (First planting date, late September; Second planting date, early November), and genotypes (nine genotypes) respectively. Results obtained from group comparison (orthogonal) showed that during the experimental years (3 years), the average yield of winter growth habit genotypes was significantly (α= 1%) higher than those of spring and facultative growth habits. According to the results, in dry and cold areas of north west of Iran, bread wheat lines with winter growth habit can be recommended for planting and wheat improvement strategies for such locations should be based on producing the winter type cultivars.

In order to study the genetic variation in upland cotton genotypes, 35 genotyes were evaluated in Hashemabad Cotton Research Station of Gorgan in 1997 and 1998. Genotypes showed high variation for morphological and quantitative traits, as 12 traits in 1997 an 11 traits in 1998 were found significant. Two years results also showed significant differences among the genotypes Varamin had the highest and the lowest yields, respectively. For earliness, cultivars Shirpan 603 and 539, Beli Izvor and strain No. 254 were evaluated as early, and Sahel and Varamin as late varieties. Clustering of genotypes were done by cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Both methods showed the same results for clustering of the genotypes in four groups. It is clear that distant groups would be shown more heterosis in hibridization proceedures.

Improvement of genotypes can be achieved by using of the agronomic traits that may respond to the environmental stresses. Complexity of grain yield, and so the high cost of evaluation of germplasm in different environments cause the agronomic traits and their relationships with grain yield become important. In order to study the relative importance and direct and indirect effects of agronomic traits (as selection criteria) on grain yield, this research was conducted at Gachsaran Agricultural Research Station in 1997/98 cropping season. In the experiment, 120 barley genotypes were evalutad in an augmented design. Using stepwise regression and path analysis indicated that grain filling period and plant height showed high relationship with grain yield. Therefore, the two traits are suggested as effective criteria in selection of barley genotypes in heat and drought stress conditions.

To study inheritance of resistance to spread of Fusarium graminearum in spikes of wheat resistance of six spring wheat cultivars (T. aestivum L.) representing different levels of resistance and all possible Fl combinations excluding reciprocals was evaluated with two isolates of F. graminearum. Resistance to spread of the fungus was evaluated in greenhouse by point injection method at anthesis stage. Data for disease spread were collected 28 days after inoculation based on a scals of 0-5. Diallel analysis was performed according to Griffing (method 2, modell) and Hayman and links methods. GCA and SCA effects were significant, but GCA effects were greater than SCA effects. Genetic variance analysis showed strong additive gene action for resistance. Broad sense and narrow sense heritabilities ranged from 0.86-0.89 and 0.59-0.63, respectively. The preponderance of additive genetic variance indicates that considerable progress can be expected from selection.

During 1997-98 Cropping season, 121 genotypes of wheat at Sari Agricultural Research Station and 189 genotypes at Gorgan Agricultural Research Station were evaluated for their reaction to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Studies were conducted to determine correlation between seed colors (white white, white, cream, red and drak red) and disease severity. The results showed that there was no significant difference between color groups at Sari Station (where low infection of the disease occurred), but in Gorgan Station (under high infection), genotypes wiht dark red, red and white white seed colors, were more resistant than those with cream and white colors. These results can be helpful in screening wheat germplasm for resistance to FHB.

A field study was conducted to study the effects of planting season and planting depth on tuber yield of three commercial potato cultivars at Kabotar-Abad Agricultural Research Station of Isfahan, in 1997-99 growing seasons. The experiment design was a complete randomized block using a split-split plot arrangement. The main plots treatments were potato cultivars namely Marfona, Morene and Cosima, the sub plots treatments were two planting depth of 10 and 20 cm, and the sub-sub plots treatments were three planting dates of late October (LO), early February (EF) and early March (EM). The results showed that the total tuber yield and yields of large sized (>55mm), seed size (35-55mm) and the small sized tubers <35mm) were higher in LO and EF palnting dates than those in EM planting date. Increasing the planting depth from 10 to 20 cm resulted'in a significant increase (P≥ 0.05) of the total and large sized tuber yields. The Marfona cultivar produced the highest total yield of 40.39 tha-1 and large sized tuber yield of 27.84 tha-1 which were significantly different from those of two other cultivars. The earliest and the latest tuber initiation were observed in EF and LO planting date treatments, respectively. The number of the main stems per hill in LO treatment were also lower than those in EF and EM treatments. Early planting date did not cause early plant maturity.

Several crosses have done between local rice cultivars and improved varieties in order to improve and releas high yield withing cultivars with suitable quality characteristics during lastthree decates in Iran. A hybridization breeding program with high emphasis on quality started in 1985. In that program, two groups of riice cultivar (localaromatic cultivars and high yielding improved ones) werecrossed in all possible mating systems (complete dialllel crosses). Suitable crosses were sellected and segregating generation were handled based on the pedigree method. Quality analysis of the selected sigle plant and lines were done in each generation. Finally six promisiing high yielding lines with good cooking and eating qualities were obtained from Sang Tarom and Hassan sarai with Amol 3. One of them D2-12-54, showed superiority in sense of yield and quality, comparing to others improved cultivars as well as Amol 3 and Nemat cultivars. Quality and some important agronomy characteristics of D2-12-54 (Neda c.v.) are as follows: Amylose content 26.2 percent; gelatinization plant heigh 100 cm; panicle length 26cm; 1000 grain weight, 30gr; maturity length 130 days; average yield 8384 Kgha-1; resistant to blast and tollerant to stem borrer.