Research in Contemporary World Literature
Year:2019 | Volume:23 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:13

Julia Kristeva is one of the most important researchers in the realm of semiotics (1941). Her specific semiotics is known as Semanalysis. In addition to taking into consideration signifying systems, Semanalysis pays attention to drive-oriented non-signifying systems, as well. Accordingly, Semanalysis has two aspects: symbolic and semiotic. The symbolic aspect involves with language, signification and social contracts, but the semiotic deals with those drives, emotions and psychological energies which are canalized, in a way, into language. The present article, in a case study, tries to analyze a poem by Reza Barahani on the basis of the model proposed by Kristeva. Such an analysis reveals that the semiotic comes into language by means of such techniques as phonemes working independently of communicative function of language, pause and interruption, repetition, rhythm, homophony and synonymy. In the end, it is revealed that the application of this model in the realm of practical criticism is, no doubt, of high advantage.

"mam and zin" and “ Sham and Wali Dewana “ in Kurdish literature are of the most famous love stories which both portray a chaste love full of sorrow and failure. The stories are similar and share much in many aspects, and an independent comparative study of the two romantic stories has not been conducted; hence, the author of the present article intends to investigate these two stories adopting a descriptive-analytic approach. In “ Wali Dewana and Sham” , love stems from childhood and school lessons; and in “ Mam and Zin” , love starts in adolescence; the enthralled lovers endeavor to marry, and in this way seeks assistance from friends and relatives, but there exist obstacles and inhibiting factors causing the failure of two lovers and their ever increasing mania and devotion which portrays their lasting despair and disappointment in the stories. Adherence to chastity and fidelity to the beloved until the moment of death and the hope for reunion in the Hereafter are the features of chaste love which is manifested in both stories.

Stefan Zweig and Bozorg Alavi, as two well-known authors of the contemporary German and Persian literature and representatives of the school of realism tended to the creation of realistic works, depicting a completely authentic atmosphere due to the social and political state of their time. Bozorg Alavi tended to this writing style by studying and living in Germany and by getting to know the poetic works of the german authors. So he became one of the pioneers of the realistic narrative in Iran. The realistic perspective in Her Eyes, Bozorg Alavi’ s work bears a great resemblance to the realistic perspective of Stefan Zweig in Schachnovelle. The following article is an attempt to match the realistic aspects of the above mentioned works against each other. The comparative study of these two works will determine, based on an investigation into the realistic factors, that Alavi and Zweig bare similarities in terms of their writing styles and these similarities indicate the influence of Zweig on Alavi in creating the Roman Her Eyes.

The conference of the birds of Jean-Claude Carriè re is one of the great theater plays inspired from Mantiq-ut-Tair. Carriere has tried to maintain the principal form of Attar’ s work and by considering the constraints of theater, he has made some changes in the source text. One of the main changes is the transformation of Simorgh’ s notion. In fact, by relying on the criterias of his worldview, which tends to be like a quasi-mysticism terrestrial, he has supposed another meaning for Simorgh, being in contrast with Attar’ s celestial mysticism. In this analysis, we try to verify the notion of Simorgh, by profiting from the analytical theories of Genette in intertextuality. In addition, we attempt to answer the questions about how the mystical character of Simorgh was presented, from an intertextual viewpoint, and by which changes? And how a non-Persian contemporary text, like The conference of the birds, has succeded to transfer the message of Attar in a different form?

One of the persistently ubiquitous preoccupations of human beings is the concept of death and mortality; which has engaged us all with its awesome omnipresence one way or another. And the way one looks at it affects our whole life, not least our culture. Meanwhile, there are some who do not confine dying merely to the moment when one’ s heart stops beating and one’ s lungs cease inhaling and exhaling. John Milton and Leo Tolstoy are among those outstanding figures who have enjoyed such a transcendental outlook and have plucked its aesthetic fruits in their major work. . Considering their seminal positions in Western literature, the present paper intends to provid a close examination of how exactly these writers viewed this perennial concern, as depicted in their representative works. Reading closely Milton’ s Paradise Lost and Tolstoy’ s The Death of Ivan Ilych, this article concludes that the two authors offer their own specific classification for death.

Driss Chraï bi is one of the most famous Francophone Moroccan writers, who has grown in the former French colonies; that’ s why he attaches particular attention to cultural consequences of colonialism in the colonial societies. In some of his works, he makes reference, implicitly or explicitly, to the relations between the colonizer and colonized people, and describes military force’ s actions or cultural plans in colonized countries. Aimé e Cé saire is a Martinican politician and author who is considered in Francophone academic environments as a pattern in anti-colonial studies and struggles. In this paper, we try to explain and analyze Aimé e Cé saire ideas as these are presented in Discourse on Colonialism (1950) and Culture and Colonialism (1963). Then, we examine different effects of intern and external colonial influences in four of Driss Chraï bi’ s novels: The Simple Past (1954), The Goats (1955), The Civilization, My Mother (1972), Seen, Read, Heard (1998).

The philosophical work of Schiller entitled “ On the Aesthetic Education of Man” discusses the human character and the character of society in an anthropological form and reflects on three types of characters: Barbarian, Wilder and the Third Character. Luká cs and contemporary research, know Schiller's dramatic characters in connection with the aesthetic Education-without dealing with the analysis of the anthropology of these letters-as expressions of an inner conflict between virtue and vice, which could be understood as a conflict between moral obligations and psychological being. If his anthropological insights and their transformation are the leitmotif of his works, a precise interpretation of his anthropology and thus of the analysis of dramatic figures is only possible if the anthropology of the literary and the philosophical is taken into account simultaneously. Thus, in this study, the dramatic characters are analyzed by means of Luká cs point of view and the state of contemporary research, taking into account the anthropology of aesthetic education, so is a complementary picture of literary and philosophical anthropology provided.

The woman and her place in literary works such important issues during the last two centuries, a great deal of attention from researchers have focused in different domain such as social, cultural, political, and even the literature. The feminist critiques of theories of the different aspects in this domain have entered. This article reviews the feminist novel, Noghreh, The Girl of Cable sea with the use of Showalter´ s theory. This theory ranging to four aspects: biological, cultural, psychological and linguistic. In this novel, cultural and psychological aspects discussed more frequently. In three levels of language structure, the written of Ghaderi is more prominent; lexical, syntactic and rhetorical. In lexical level, the readers face to variety of kitchen terminology and specific feminine issues. In syntactic level, short and simple sentences and in rhetorical eloquent symbol are the most important points that the authors of this article have considered.

Gulistan (a preface and eight chapters), the most influential book of prose in the classical Persian literature, that Saadi is a poet and writer Iranian to mention the realities of human life and moral exhortations in Gulistan. The very thought of a study of human behavior from Gulistan at the perspective of psychology. In this study (the evaluation criteria is not used) we used the method of compare for the psychological critique of Saadi's Gulistan with Bandura's social cognitive theory. Research method is a research library and documentation. And the analysis of the comparative aspects, and the design of each of the samples has been noted. The findings show that, Saadi is used the format of story for indicates the best ways to take advantage of life and is trying to improve relations and human behavior to your audience. These concepts today are corresponded with Bandura's social cognitive theory. The results show that the major concepts of Bandura's social cognitive theory, including observationa learning and processes affecting it, . . .

Attending to women in literature is a way to figure out the status in women in their society. A review of literature demonstrates the fact that the mirror of literature has not portrayed an appealing image of women. This principle makes more sense in the stories with a Hindu origin since Hinduism has always been associated with patriarchy and repressing the woman. One thousand and One Nights is also a work with the Iranian-Hindu origin and has reflected the writing of orientalists. One of the orientalists interested in One thousand and One Nights is Gobineau who has authored many stories with oriental content. In this article, the women's profile is comparatively investigated in One thousand and One Nights and the Asian Novels of Gobineau. This comparative study shows the similarity of attitudes towards women in the two work and reveals the effects on One thousand and One Nights on this orientalist.

Human concepts have always had similar value in all times, places and languages. For example, the freedom which has always been appreciated and has been celebrated in various forms by different well-reads. In contrast to this concept is the notion of slavery which has always been despicable to human kind in history as a much deplored attribute. A curious and keen reading of the poetry of Alfred de Vigny and Mehdi Akhavan-Sales encouraged us to carry out an examination of the two concepts of slavery and freedom in these two poets and to delineate further on the viewpoints of these two pioneers of Romantic school in France and black verse in Iran concerning philosophy of being. To this purpose, this study is a comparative examination of the poems of «Death of the Wolf» and «Dogs and Wolves», which clearly illustrate the «dependence and independence» using symbolic language and allegory. Findings that both poets denounce slavery and praise liberty while demand human freedom.

Zakhar Prilepin is a contemporary Russian write. Zakhar Prilepin In his nationalist stories, every attempt to save the fatherland is praised. In his works, Zakhar Prilepin criticizes the many abnormalities that occurred as a result of political and social developments in Russia. In the story “ The killer and his little friend” , issues such as the Chechen war, the importance of Russian identity in the new Russia, the loss of national identity, hope for a clear future for Russia. After a semiotic analysis of this story, we can see the reflection of the social and moral collapse and the necessity of the emergence of new heroes to save Russia. For Zakhar Prilupin, serving Russia and preserving Russia's identity is the highest goal, and any means to achieve it can be justified. Because of this idea, the death of humans is ignored by Prilepin in “ The killer and his little friend” . The author draws the reader's attention to the hope that he sprouts in the heart of the hero's wife.

The present paper is a theoretical research with a view to explicating “ structuralism”-as a major intellectual paradigm of the twentieth century. Through presenting a brief account of the fundamentals of structuralism, attempt has been made to explore its relation with translation, and to identify traces of structuralistic thought in two of the most important contemporary translation theories proposed. There are two major sections to the present paper, the first of which is centered upon explaining the most basic theoretical underpinnings of structuralism relying primarily on the concepts proposed by certain renowned structuralist thinkers such as Ferdinand De Saussure, Claude Lé vi-Strauss, and Vladimir Propp in the fields of linguistics and anthropology. These tenets include scientism, positivism, and reductionism. The second section addresses the relation between structuralism on the one hand, and translation, equivalence, and (un)translatability on the other. It seeks to demonstrate how some of the most outstanding 20th – century translation theories (in particular those proposed by Catford and Nida) have been, knowingly or otherwise, affected by structuralistic thinking.