VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (27)|Papers Count:8

Myrrh, a traditional herbal medicine, is derived from Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. (Burseraceae) and various other species of Commiphora. It has widely been used in different diseases in India, China, Italy and Greece. Pharmacological studies also have showed that myrrh possesses multiple activities, including anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anesthetic, and antimicrobial effects. There has been no report on the effectiveness of commiphora myrrha in treating burn wound. Therefore, in this study, we compared the healing times of full thickness burn wounds in rats that received commiphora myrrha treatment or the standard SSD treatment. This study was carried out on sixty male Wistar albino rats. Grade 3 burn wounds were created on the back of all rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups, the first group of rats received no medication, the second group received eucerin (negative control), the third group received topical SSD group and the fourth group received 2.5% Commiphora myrrha in eucerin base. Histological samplings were done on 7th, 14th and 21st days in each group, then all samples transported to the laboratory and H&E and trichrom staining was done. Histopatological evaluation on the 7th, 14th and 21st days showed burn healing to be better in the group which had received Commiphora Myrrha with respect to other groups, in addition wound healing was significantly better in this group (p<0.05). In conclusion, Commiphora Myrrha has positive effect on burn wound healing and it is better than silver sulfadiazine in low concentration.

Infertility is a complicated problem with medical significance. Ginger as a medicinal herb is used to treat a number of diseases such as sexual weakness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ginger rhizome extract on heat-induced testicular damage in the mouse. Fourty male mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including: 1- Control, 2- heat stressed, 3 and 4- stressed and treated with ginger extract (1.5 and 3 mg/animal/day). The scrotum of experimental mice was immersed for 20 min in a water bath at 42oC. Control mice were similarly treated except that the water bath was maintained at 23oC. Mice were euthanized after 50 days. Blood samples were collected for analysis of testosterone levels. Testes were removed for histopathological assessment and oxidant/antioxidant status. Heat stress significantly reduced blood testosterone level and increased lipid peroxidation product and decreased antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01). Ginger extract significantly increased blood testosterone level and decreased testis malondialdehyde level and increased antioxidant enzymes activities (p<0.05). Histopathological observations showed progressive degeneration after heating. In the mice treated with ginger extract, testes had normal spermatogenesis and structure. The results indicated that ginger extract improves spermatogenesis and oxidative damage of testis induced by heat stress in the mouse.

Immobilization stress as a physical and psychological stress, has adverse effects on various body tissues. Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of stress on reproductive system and fertility. The Main aim of this study is evaluation of effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue in mice. In this study 140 adult male mice were randomly divided in to 7 groups as test and 7 groups as control animals. In test groups, the animals were subjected to immobilization stress for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days respectively. In control groups, the animals were only handled. After the experimental periods, blood samples were collected for measurements of serum cortisol and testosterone and epididymal tissue samples were obtained for histologic and histomorphometric study. The results of this study showed that level of testostrone in all test groups significantly decreased in comparison to the control groups (p<0.05). Cortisol level in test group at 1, 3, 7, and 15 days significantly increased (p<0.05) and in other groups no significant difference was observed. Histological study showed that in groups which were stressed for 30, 45 and 60 days, in head, body and tail of epididym, diameter of tubules were decreased and interstitial tissue significantly increased (p<0.05). thickness of epithelium in head and body of epididym and in the tail region significantly decreased (p<0.05) in groups which were under stress for 15, 30, 45 and 60 days and 30, 45 and 60 days respectively (p<0.05). Result of this study confirmed adverse effect of immobilization stress on epididymal tissue with increase in time of stress, side effects also increases.

Liver diseases and their economic losses have gained more importance alongside the development of integrated poultry industry. Studies have proved hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride as one of the best experimental models of hepatotocicity. Barberries have been used widely in traditional medicine. The purpose of the present study was to evaluater the preventive effects of Berberis integerrima root on carbon tetrachloride induced liver lesions in broilers. For this purpose, 80 day old Ross strain broilers were divided randomly to 8 study groups consisting of negative control, positive control which received IP 4ml/kg b.w. carbon tetrachloride twice in 25th and 28th days, treatment controls consisting of 10, 20 and 30 grams of Berberis integerrima root per kilogram of diet and treatment groups consisting of 10, 20 and 30 gr. Of Berberis root / Kg diet + IP carbon tetrachloride 4ml/Kg b.w. twice in 25th and 28th days. At 29th day, blood samples were collected from animals, then they were sacrificed and their liver samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution. The blood samples were sent to laboratory to measure ALT, AST and ALP activities. Biochemical results didn't show any significant changes of ALT, AST and ALP activities between all study groups (P>0.05). Microscopic results showed significant decrease in pathologic lesions of 20 gr Berberis root /Kg diet treatment group in comparison with the positive control group (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that to induce more severe hepatocellular lesions in broilers by carbon tetrachloride doses more than 4ml/Kg b.w are needed. Adding 20 gr Berberis integerrima root /Kg diet could have preventive effects against acute hapatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular protozoan of Toxoplasma gondii, that has not been examined in Lorestan yet; this study aimed at the prevalence rate of IgG in the domestic ruminants, based on the variable factores of species, sex and Geographic region. Therefore, from October to February 2012, 572 blood samples (174 Cattles and 398 sheep) were collected from the slaughterhouses of Khoramabad, Boroujerd and Aligoudarz. The serum samples of sheep, were examined by indirect ELISA method, and the result was calculated based on the ratio of the absorbance values of the samples to the positive control, so that ≤30% as negative, and ≥50% was considered as positive. The Cattle serum samples, were examined via Indirect Immunoflourecence antibody test, and the Titer ≥ 1:16 was considered as positive. In this study, the IgG prevalence rate in cattles and sheep was 28.73% and 53.01% respectively, and the statistic analysis of the results, demonstrated that based on the sex and species, there was a considerable statistic difference, so the lowest infection rate was observed in cattle, and the most infection rate was observed in the sheep, The prevalence rate in females was higher than that in males but there was no significant difference geographically (P<0.05). In Lorestan similar to other areas of the country, there is a high frequency rate of Toxoplasmosis in sheep and because their meat is considered as an important source of protein, public information and training is essential for the prevention of disease.

In regard to importance of various pathologic factors affecting respiratory system and its role in the selection of specific therapies in the sheep, 626 slaughtered sheep were examined to describe the pathological lesions of lower respiratory tract at Urmia abattoir. A total of 114/626 lungs (18.12%) with macroscopic lesions were condemned and macro-microscopically examined. The specimens were processed through routine method for paraffin embedded sectioning (5-7micron) and stained by Hematoxillin & Eosin method. Incidence of lesions in order of frequency were interstitial pneumonia (51; 8.14%), verminous pneumonia(23; 3.67%), atelectasis (22; 3.51%), granulomatous pneumonia (22; 3.51%), chronic bronchitis (21; 3.35%), fibrosis (13; 2.07%), adenocarcinomas (11; 1.75%), chronic bronchiolitis (10; 1.59%), hydatic cyst (8;1.27 %), pulmonary abscesses (7; 1.11%), emphysema (6; 0.95%), pleuritis (2; 0.31%) and pulmonary edema (2; 0.319%). The result of this study showed that interstitial pneumonia was interestingly predominant among other lesions of condemned lungs which may reflect a seasonal difference.

Metritis is an important disease in dairy cattle which causes economical loses including decrease in milk yield, increase calving interval, treatment costs and death of ill cases. Septic metritis usually occurs within 2-10 days after parturition, and characterized clinically with sever toxemia associated with purulent odorous uterine discharge with or without retained placenta. In this study, serum levels of cTnI were measured in 50 female Holstein cattle with septicmetritis and compared with normal cows. cTnI of serum in disease and control groups were 0.017±0.008 and 0.005±0.000 ng/dl, respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature in disease cases were significantly higher than normal cattle. There was significant correlation with cTnI and heart rate and rectal temperature. Endotoxemia is one of possible reasons of elevation of serum cTnI. Cytokines and endotoxins originated from gram negative bacteria that cause myocardium depression and ventricular dilatation. Furthermore impairment of left ventricle function is a significant effect of septic shock.

Anti-aflatoxicosis potential of dietary supplementation of savory essential oil and a commercial mycotoxin binder (Polysorb) was investigated by study of some internal organ weights, lipid oxidation of meat and liver lesions. A total of 144 male 21 days old Japanese quails were divided into six treatments and 4 replicates (6 birds in each replication) and treated for 10 wks as follows: A-Negative control, B-Positive control-fed diet contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (2.5 PPM), C- Contaminated feed+300 PPM savory essential oil, D-Contaminated feed+ 600 PPM savory essential oil, E- Contaminated feed+ 900 PPM savory essential oil, F- Contaminated feed+ 2.5 g/kg Polysorb. At the end of the fourth and tenth weeks of experiment, two birds from each cage were randomly euthanized and relative weights of liver, spleen and bursa offabricius were determined and tissue samples of the liver were taken. The lipid oxidation in fresh and refrigerator meat samples were determined at the end of experiment. Use of 600 PPM of savory essential oil reduced the effects of aflatoxin on weights of bursa of fabricius and spleen. Highly intense fatty changes, large and small foci of hepatocellular degeneration and portal fibrosis caused by aflatoxin were observed in non-treated aflatoxicosis induced birds (group B). It seems that dietary supplementation of 600 PPM of savory essential oil and Polysorb can effectively reduce the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 in Japanese quails.