VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:2 (14)|Papers Count:8

As rapeseed meal production is increasing in IRAN, this research is designed to investigate the possibility of replacing soybean meal with rapeseed meal as well as the anti nutrient effects of rapeseed meal in broiler diet. In this research rapeseed meal in five different levels 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% was used in the ration of broilers in place of soybean meal. The study was conducted on 500 one-day old chicks by completely randomized design (CRD) with 2×5 factorial arrangement and 4 replicates and 25 birds in each replicate. The birds were fed with experimental diet for 8 weeks. At the end of eight weeks, one male and one female bird were randomly selected from each replicate and slaughtered and the heart, liver, and pancreas were taken for examination. While slaughtering a sample of their blood was also collected to measure the level of T3 and T4 hormones. The results showed that the use of rapeseed meal didn’t have a significant effect on secretion of T3 and T4 hormones, heart weight, and pancreas weight percentage. With the increase in consumption of rapeseed meal the liver weight percent was increased significantly (p<0.05) but didn’t lead to liver hemorrhage. This research indicated that it is possible to replace soybean used with 25% rapeseed meal in the starter period (0-3 weeks), 50% in the period (4-6 weeks), and 75% in the finisher period (7-8 weeks) without any negative effects.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of using different levels of urea and molasses on performance, some egg traits and blood serum biochemical parameters in late laying period of laying hens. This experiment was conducted with two hundred and sixteen Hy Line- (W-36) laying hens from 62 to 74 weeks of age in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 levels of urea (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%) and two levels of molasses (0 and 3%). The diets included: 1) 0.25% of urea+0 percent of molasses, 2) 0.25% of urea+3 percent of molasses, 3) 0. 5% of urea+0 percent of molasses, 4) 0.5% of urea+3 percent of molasses, 5) 0.75% of urea+0 percent of molasses, 6) 0.25% of urea+3 percent of molasses. The results of this experiment showed that using 0.5% of urea and 3% of molasses did not have any significant effect in the performance and egg traits (p>0.05) and only produced significant decrease in blood glucose levels (p<0.05). It was concluded that using diets with 0.5% of urea and 3% of Molasses can improve economical efficiency of laying hens by reducing the amount of soybean meal in diets.

The causal agent of border disease is a pestivirus, which is closely related to a similar virus of cattle called bovine virus diarrhea virus (BVDV). Clinical manifestations of the disease include: infertility, low fertility, mummified fetuses, abortion and still birth, the birth of small weak lambs with tremor and abnormalities of hair coat. This study was conducted in winter of 2008 by referring to sheep farms around Tabriz with a history of abortion especially the Ligwan area as a main sheep rearing area and selection of 4000 sheep as the sample population. Blood samples were drawn from the jugular vein by venoject from 10% of each sheep herd population, the samples were transferred to laboratory in ice and after obtaining serum, the sera were freezed in -20oC in order to measure antibody levels with (LSI KIT FRANCE). From a total of 373 sheep including 333 ewes and 40 rams, 282 (75.6%) sheep were considered positive and 91 (24.4%) were negative for Border antivirus - antibody serum. According to sample separation 252 (75.6%) ewes showed positive serum and 81 (24.4%) ewes showed negative serum, 30 (75%) rams showed positive serum and 10 (25%) rams showed negative serum. The results indicate that 75.6% of sheep in Tabriz area are challenged with BDV virus and probably Border virus in one of the main factors in reduction of sheep herds reproduction performance in Tabriz.

At autumn 2009 a four year old pregnant white indigenous female goat was referred to the veterinary clinic located in Sarab. At initial examinations clinical symptoms such as cachexia, sever pains of parturition, rest less and provocation was seen and as the result of these sever pains tachycardia, tachy pnea, teeth grinding and grades of anemia was seen at mucous membranes and the animal could not stand. The fetus had entered the pelvic canal with flexion of the metacarpus and following correction of this position, it was extracted manually. The newly born kid had anasarcus and generalized edema in the forelimbs, hindlimbs and skull. During manual extraction of the fetus, 20 worms about 10-12 cm in length were discharged from the goats vagina. Isolated parasitic samples from the animal were fixed in %10 formalin and were referred to the parasitological laboratory of veterinary faculty of Islamic Azad university- Tabriz Branch. After further examinations they were identified as limnatis nilotica leeches. The kid goat died hours after birth because of respiratory difficulties.

Nowadays, due to progress in different techniques of treatment, disease prevention, surgery and implication of various facilities in veterinary sciences and today’s incidental problems, and considering the determining role of veterinary sciences in providing social health of society and also securing crude different livestock products dimensions, slaughter and various infected problems in slaughter-house and more and more it seems that one could not be certain and assured or it should have asked religions problems for explanation of the new dimensions, for assuring the consumers to their healthy and hygienic livestock and attracting sufficient trust from point view of religious law. In this study, in addition to research in koranic resources, religious traditions and narratives the opinions of grand religious imitation references in the point of new topic problems will be sought.

Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is caused by the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), which infects the animals in the family Equidae and is classified in the subfamily Lentivirinae of the family Retroviridae. The disease leads to fever, hemolytic anemias, icterus, depression and chronic weight loss. This study was conducted on 287 horses (200 male and 87 female) in Tabriz area in Iran in order to determine the seroprevalence of equine infectious anemia. Blood was collected from all horses and the sera were analyzed for the presence of antibodies to equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) using an ELISA test with IDEXX kit. The mean of Optical Density (OD) was 0.372± 0.016. In these samples the lowest and highest levels were 0.273 and 0.511 respectively. There was no positive case according to the observed results. Mean OD was 0.381± 0.014 in male horses and 0.387±0.010 in female horses, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.356). The horses were studied in four age groups: 1-3 (54 horses), 3-6 (125 horses), 6-9 (70 horses) and over 9 years old (38 horses). Mean OD was 0.373±0.011, 0.381±0.012, 0.383±0.009, 0.388±0.017 in these groups respectively. The results revealed that none of the horses were positive for antibodies to EIAV.

Equistum arvense, also called horsetail has been widely used in traditional medicine for wound healing due to having free silica. Also this plant has an important role in enhancing skin elasticity and resistance, and can be effective in restoration of tissue after cell death. The aim of this work was to evaluate histometrically and histopathologically the ability of dried extract ointment of Equistem arvense in enhancing the healing process of full- thickness excisional skin wound in rabbits following topical application, compared with zinc oxide ointment. Under surgical anesthesia, full thickness similar excisional wounds were made on the back of 40 rabbits that were divided into 4 groups of Equistum arvense 20%, zinc oxide ointment, eucerin, and control. A double-blind method was employed throughout the study. All the cases were treated with topical ointments daily for 28 days. Healing process of the wounds were quantified daily and compared using digital photography and image analysis software. Histopathologic examination was performed on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 and the wound healing was scored using healing grades I to VI with regard to the wound healing parameters such as oedema, congestion & hemorrhage, fibroplasia, epithelium regeneration, wound contraction, collagen deposition and granulation tissue maturation. The overall out come of the wound recovery for each individual group was calculated, and the results were put under statistical analysis using SPSS software. According to histometric findings, the skin contraction rate in equistum arvense 20% group on treatment period was much higher than that in the other groups. Also, histopathologic results revealed that overall healing rate into group I in the second and third weeks was higher than that in the other groups (p<0.01). Equistum arvense could be a new promising therapeutic approach to improve skin wound healing because of its potential anti- inflammatory and wound healing stimulatory effects.

Microbiological studies of diseased eyes are difficult to interpret unless they can be compared with similar studies performed on clinically normal eyes. The purpose of this study was to determine the normal eye bacterial flora of sheep in Urmia, Iran. The study was carried out in summer 2009 at slaughterhouse of Urmia. One hundred swabs were taken from the inferior conjunctival sac of 50 normal sheep (78 male, 11 female). All animals were of two makui (64%) and ghezel (36%) ecotypes, and divided into three age groups - yearlings (12%), 2-3 years (66%) and more than 4 years (22%). The samples were inoculated on blood and EMB agar, and examined for aerobic bacteria. One hundred fifty six isolates were identified in all 100 eyes. Single bacteria were isolated in 46 eyes. Two bacteria were isolated in 52 eyes; 3 bacteria were isolated in 2 eyes. There was no positive correlation between the number of isolates from each eye and age (p>0.05). The isolates included Bacillus cereus (47.74%), Enterobacter aerogenes (12.9%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (8.91%), Escherichia coli (8.91%), Dermatophilus congolensis (7%), Klebsiella spp. (5.8%), Streptococcus spp. (4.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.5%). There was no significant difference in the number of bacterial isolates between sexes, age groups and ecotypes (p>0.05). Bacillus cereus was the most frequent isolate in both sexes, ecotypes and all age groups, and Enterobacter aerogenes was the second frequent isolate in both sexes, all age groups and makui ecotype, but in ghezel ecotype, Klebsiella spp. was the second frequent isolate. Regarding the frequency of each of isolates, there was no significant difference between the two sexes, three age groups and two ecotypes (p>0.05). Gram-positive aerobes were most commonly cultured from the conjunctival sac of normal sheep (72.43%), with Bacillus cereus predominating.