VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2018 | Volume:12 | Issue:3 (47) |Papers Count:8

Considering that various effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotic on production and growth of broiler chicks has been reported previously, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics and their mixture, on performance, antioxidant levels and lipid peroxidation index in the blood of Japanese quails. Thus, 192 day-old-Japanese quails were distributed randomly to 4 groups with 4 replicates of 12 male and female and evaluated for 42 days. The control group only received basal diet, but in the 2 nd group (probiotic group) active saccharomyces cerevisiae 1 gr/Kg of feed, in the 3 rd group (prebiotic group) inactivated saccharomyces cerevisiae 0. 5 gr/Kg-feed of feed, and in the 4 th group (synbiotic group) 0. 5 gr/Kg saccharomyces cerevisiae and 250 mg/Kg-feed inactivated saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to the basal diet. Results indicated that mean serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) was statistically different among males of different groups (p<0. 05). Also the highest and lowest MDA levels were observed in the 4 th rd and 3 groups respectively with a statistically significant difference (p<0. 05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of plasma was not different statistically in the studied groups. On the other hand, mean feed consumption and body weight in the 2 nd rd and 3 groups was increased in comparison to control group and FCR was decreased significantly in comparison to control and synbiotic group. The best carcass efficiency was observed in the prebiotic group. The results showed that the employed probiotics and prebiotics were only effective in performance of Japanese quails, but did not have a specific effect on serum-MDA and plasma-TCA levels.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids are used to stimulate appetite, muscle growth, and increase the production of red blood cells. The aim of the present study was to comparethe effect of stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate hormones on serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, their probable side effects on liver and body weight changes in the cat. For this purpose, ten healthy male cats were divided into two equal groups. Group A included five cats which received stanozolol (25 mg/cat IM) once weekly for six weeks. Group B included five cats which received nandrolone decanoate (1 mg/kg IM) once weekly for six weeks. Blood samples were collected five times on days zero, 3, 14, 28 and 42, for measurement of testosterone and erythropoietin. Both stanozolol and nandrolone decanoate showed effective function in increasing serum concentration of erythropoeitin and testosterone, but the effect of stanozolol was more than nandrolone decanoate in increasing hormone levels. A significant difference (p>0. 001) was observed between groups A and B at days 14, 28 and 42 in increasing erythropoeitin and at days 3, 14, 28 and 42 in increasing testosterone. None of the drugs had hepatotoxic effects and stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate in increasing body weight (p<0. 001). The results showed that although both hormones had effective function in increasing erythropoietin, testosterone, and body weight in cats, but stanozolol was more effective than nandrolone decanoate.

Low pregnancy rate is an important problem in livestock. Therefore it is possible to control the process of reproduction in animals by using synthetic hormones and increase the pregnancy rate through estrus synchronization. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GnRH on days 10, 11, and 12 after artificial insemination on pregnancy rate of Makui sheep breed. For this purpose, estrus was synchronized in 226 ewes using CIDR. After removing CIDR, all ewes received 400 IU PMSG. After two days, ewes in estrus were artificially inseminated with fresh sperms and divided into three groups. The control group did not receive any hormone. The second group was divided into subgroups D, E and Fwhich received 20 µ g GnRH on days 10, 11, and 12 after artificial insemination respectively. Finally, the third group or group G received 40 µ g GnRH on day 12 after artificial insemination. Blood samples (5 ml) were collected two days after GnRH injection by using vacuum tubes. The serumic concentrations of glucose, urea, total protein, phosphorus and progesterone were measured. To analyze the dependent and discrete variables, GLM and FREQ procedure of SAS software were used respectively. The results showed that the effect of GnRH on plasma concentration of progesterone was significant (p<0. 01). Maximum pregnancy rate was achieved in the third group with a significant difference (p<0. 01) observed between this group and the other groups regarding pregnancy rate. It can be concluded that injection of 40 µ g of GnRH hormone on day 12 after insemination improves pregnancy rate in ewes.

Estrogen depletion in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized animals causes abnormalities in lipid metabolism, weight gain and fat accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver. On the other hand, estrogen replacement therapy may cause side effects including breast cancer. Olive leaf is a significant source of bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant, antiinflammatory and radical scavenging capacity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Olive Leaf Extract (OLE) on liver enzymes, serum lipid profile and atherogenic index. For this purpose, 21 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: 1-control (intact animals), 2-ovariectomized: OVX ( ovaries removed by surgery) and 3-treatment group (OVX+received OLE) Which received 100 mg/kg OLE in 0. 5 ml drinking water using gavage for 8 weeks. At the end of the treatment, levels of liver enzymes and serum lipid profiles were measured. Body weight was increased significantly in OVX group in comparison to control group (p˂ 0. 05). Also, Ovariectomy significantly increased liver enzymes, lipids and lipoproteins in comparison to control group (p˂ 0. 05). This study showed that oral administration of 100 mg/kg/day of OLE for 8 weeks can prevent increase of lipid profile, liver enzymes and atherogenic index in serum of ovariectomized rats.

Due to the harmful effects of antibiotic use on the health of poultry flocks and the consequent health of human societies, attempts to use alternative substances have increased. Probiotics are one of the most well-known alternative substances to be used. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic effects of different concentrations of four selected native Lactobacillus strains on intestinal morphology of female Japanese quails. To do this, the farm trial was performed in the format of complete randomized design through 4 replicates of 7 different probiotic treatments, with each replicate consisting of 20 quails, resulting in a total of 560 quails, for five weeks. Treatments were as follows: T1: control (basal diet); T2: Primalac; T3: Protexin; and T4, T5, T6, and T7: four native strains in levels of 50, 100, 150, and 200 g/ton of diet respectively. The greatest villus height in the duodenum was related to treatment with native probiotic of 150 g/ton and the greatest villus height in jejunum and ileum was related to treatment with native probiotic of 50 g/ton and 150 g/ton respectively. The greatest and lowest villus height to the crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum was found in the diet with native probiotic of 150 g/ton and control treatment respectively. The greatest and lowest villus height to the crypt depth ratio in the jejunum was found in the diets with native probiotics (50 g/ton and 150 g/ton) and control treatment, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the use of the native Lactobacillus strains (150 g/ton diet) enhanced the villus height and villus height to the crypt depth ratio of Japanese quails.

Mycoplasma bovis is one of the main causes of pneumonia, mastitis and arthritis in cattle. The aim of this study was to identify the M. bovis in cows with clinical mastitis using culture and PCR based on 16SrRNA and uvrC genes. A total of 328 milk samples were obtained from cattle with clinical mastitis in industrial dairy herds. Samples were sent to the Mycoplasma reference laboratory, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute at 4° C in less than 24 hr and incubated for 18-24 hr at 37° C. After filtering to specific PPLO medium, they were incubated in the presence of Co2 and were monitored for 7-10 days. Simultaneously, DNA of the samples was extracted and purified by Phenol-Chloroform method and PCR was used to detect mycoplasma genus based on 16SrRNA and detection of M. bovis species based on uvrC genes. Out of 328 samples, 58 samples were positive in PPLO agar media. Ninty-seven samples (29. 57%) were positive for mycoplasma gene, of which 14 samples (4. 26%) showed specific gene of M. bovis. The results of this study introduced the PCR method as a rapid and reliable test for detection of M. bovis in milk specimens. The results also showed that the presence of M. bovis in dairy herds in Iran is high and it can be considered as one of the main causes of the clinical manifestation of cattle mastitis.

Anesthesia in birds is associated with high risks. To resolve this problem, it is important to find a drug that is compatible with avian physiology and anatomy. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and histopathological effects of ketoprofen with midazolam as premedication in pigeons. For this purpose, twenty four male adult pigeons with the mean age of two years and weight of 300 grams were randomly divided into four groups with six individuals per group. Group I was the control group, in which the pigeons were given an intramuscular (IM) injection of ketamine 40 mg/kg body weight. Group II received IM injection of ketoprofen 50 mg/kg body weight alone. Each pigeon in group III was given an IM injection of ketoprofen at 50 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. Each pigeon in group IV was given an IM injection of midazolam at 6 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. In order to determine the depth of anesthesia in each group, within 5 min from the last injection, various clinical reflexes were evaluated on the body of each pigeon. Also, postmortem examinations were performed to assess the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and brain tissues. The results of clinical evaluation showed that there was significant decrease (p<0. 05) in the various clinical reflexes in group III in comparison to other groups. Significant histopathological alterations were not observed in any treatment group. Based on these result it seems that ketoprofen plus ketamine could be used as a suitable combination for anesthesia of pigeons.

Cataract may develop due to several causes with various sizes and shapes and in different parts of the lens. Because no effective medical treatment has been confirmed for this disease, surgery using different techniques including phacoemulsification is the only treatment option. This study is a report of surgical treatment of cataract using phacoemulsification technique in dogs and cats in Iran. After diagnosis of cataract and proper case selection, lens extraction was performed by phacoemulsification in 13 dogs and 4 cats (19 eyes) and post-operative complications were evaluated. Patient vision was assessed by walking pattern but the predominant vision criterion and probable increase in quality of life was owner declaration. Uveitis and traumatic posterior capsule fibrosis were the most prevalent post-operative complications. Three dogs developed keratitis, one showed glaucoma and another one corneal edema. Pupillary light reflex (PLR) was negative only in 3 dogs and one cat postoperatively and there was no vision improvement according to owner declaration. Generally, the prognosis of phacoemulsification was better in younger patients with milder progression of cataract and it increased quality of life because postponing surgery until the cataract reaches advanced stages of maturity and development of lens induced uveitis affects the prognosis of surgery.