VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:4 (32)|Papers Count:8

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in some parts of Iran and parasites disease without an effective medical treatment. In this study we attempted to evaluate the antileishmanial effects of the black tea decoction extract as herbal medicines. L. major promastigotes were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium enriched with 10% FCS in the presence of 10, 20, 30 and 40% of extracts. Parasites behavioral reaction and growth pattern was monitored after 0.5, 1, 5, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-seeding by counting fixed parasites in a haemocytometer chamber and observing their motility pattern and shape by invert microscopy. Parasite viability was evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the number of promastigotes in groups containing 10, 20, 30 and 40% extract had decreased after 24, 28 and 72 hours while normal growth was observed in the control group which was significantly different (p<0.05) in comparison with the treatment groups. This study indicated that black tea decoction extracts could effectively prevent the growth of L. major promastigotes in vitro.

This study was performed to compare the effect of using 3 different estrus synchronization methods (Ovsynch, Co-Synch and Prostaglandin) on the conception rate of subfertile dairy cows. Fifty one subfertile Holstein dairy cows with parity ranging from 1 to 7 were enrolled in this study. Cows were allocated to three groups Ovsynch (n=10), Co-Synch (n=27) and Prostaglandin (n=14). Cows in the Ovsynch group underwent a standard Ovsynch protocol (GnRH analogue on Day 0, PGF2a analogue on Day 7 and GnRH analogue on Day 9), then they were artificially inseminated approximately 16 hours after the second GnRH treatment. The same procedure was done for cows in Co-Synch group, but artificial insemination took place immediately after the last injection. Cows in prostaglandin group underwent a PG protocol (PGF2a, on Day 0 and 12), and artificial insemination was done about 72 hours after the second PGF2a injection. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 60 days after insemination via rectal examination. By using logistic procedure of SAS 9.1 software, the effects of treatment, season, parity, animal, age and open days were analyzed. The analysis of variables related to animal and the measured effects on pregnancy proved that none of the evaluated parameters were significant. Hence, we cannot declare which of the estrus synchronization methods is suitable to increase pregnancy rate. Further studies with more replicates are required to choose the best method.

This study was conducted for evaluation of urinary and gastrointestinal disorders in foals with Rhodococcosis and the effect of treatment with azithromycin plus rifampin on these disorders. The study was performed on 17 foals with Rhodococcosis (2-5 months old) and 18 normal foals as control in horse stables around Tabriz area, Iran. Sick foals were detected with clinical and laboratory (culture of nasal discharge) findings. Blood samples C20 ml were collected from the jugular vein in all foals and serum was separated. Sick foals were examined and the clinical function of urinary and gastrointestinal systems were recorded. Kidney function was evaluated with measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), total protein (Pr), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) in the serum. The gastrointestinal function was evaluated by considering the presence of diarrhea, appetite and gastric ulcer (with endoscopy). Azithromycin plus rifampin was used orally once a day for 2 weeks in foals with Rhodococcosis. Blood Sampling was conducted at the end of treatment and the preview parameters were evaluated. In sick foals, the clinical findings were resolved but soft stool was still observed in 13 cases. Gastric ulcer were higher in the sick group with most of them considered grade II in the nonglandular region of the stomach. BUN, Cr and P increased significantly after treatment in the sick group. Rhodococcosis increased total protein in the serum significantly but was corrected after treatment. In conclusion, both Rhodococcosis and its treatment using azithromycin plus urinary and gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Nowadays, due to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and their side effects, much attention is paid to the antibacterial properties of medicinal plants. Malva sylvestis L. plays an important role in traditional medicine and herbal medicine industry. This study deals with antibacterial effects of 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/ml concentration of non-polar extract of Malva sylvestris L. on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria by means of well diffusion method. Determination test of MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration of bacteria growth) and MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) was done by tube dilution method. The results indicated that non-polar extract of Malva sylvestris L. inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The inhibitory effect increases by increasing the extract concentration. MIC and MBC of these bacteria respectively varies from 12.5-50 mg/ml and 12.5-100 mg/ml respectively. This extract can be a good candidate for future in vivo studies for production of new antibacterial drugs.

Hypokalemia in sheep causes cardiac arrhythmia and electrocardiographic changes such as changing the shape of QRS, complex and T wave and the distance between waves. In this study, 20 rams with the age of 12-15 months were divided into two groups. Electrocardiography was used to check the heart rhythm. After recording ECG and sampling, in order to create hypokalemia Isoflupredon acetat at a dose of 4mg was used intramuscularly in oll 10 treatment. All P waves in the control and the experimental group was recorded as positive and their monophasic or diphasic state was also studied. Between days 0 to 4, 30 cases of monophasic and 20 cases of diphasic P wave was recorded is the control group. In the treatment group, these figures were 21 and 29 cases respectively.Different shapes of QRS waves were seen in both treatment groups .In the control group they were recorded as QRS in 10 cases, qrs in 15 cases and qRs in 25 cases with in the treatment group it was QRS in 31 cases, Qrs in 1 case, qrs in 4 cases and qRs in 14 cases. By examining the ECG in the control group on days zero to 4th day, sinus arrhythmia and atrioventricular block was observed in 7 and 2 cases respectively and in the treatment group sinus arrhythmia, atrioventricular block, atrial premature contraction and sinus tachycardia was recorded in 14, 12, 3 and 5 cases respectively. The results indicated that various arrhythmias can be observed due to hypokalemia. As physiologic arrhythmias can lead to pathologic arrhythmias, the animals should be treated with anti-arrhythmia drugs.

Chlamydia is an obligate intracellular and gram negative coccobacilli and one of the most important causes of abortion in ruminants especially in ewes. This investigation was performed with the purpose of molecular study and sequencing of Chlamydia abortus isolated from aborted sheep fetuses of Alborz Province. In this study, DNA extraction was performed on 100 samples from aborted fetuses of 32 sheep flocks from different areas of Alborz province. Then using specific primers of gene IGS-Sr- RNA, polymerase chain reaction was conducted and 10 samples were selected randomly from the positive cases were sent to Macrogene company in Korea for sequencing. In this study, 37 samples from a total of 100 aborted fetuses were positive for Chlamydia abortus. After sequencing, more than 99 percent of the positive samples were similar with sequences in gene bank. The sequencing results indicated that the samples were very similar to isolates LN554882/1, AF051935/1 and CR848038/1 of the gene bank and were in the same cluster. Also, this investigation indicated that Chlamydia abortus is one of the main reasons of ewe abortion in Alborz province.

The intestinal mucosa is known to be adversely affected by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). It has been demonstrated that Naringenin has protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in various organs. The aim of this study is to determine whether Naringenin has any protective role in I/R injury of the intestine in rats. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as control (group 1), sham IR (group 2), intestinal IR group (group 3) and Naringenin plus intestinal IR (group 4). Intestinal IR was produced by 30 minutes of intestinal ischemia followed by a 60 minutes of reperfusion. Rats in group 4 received Naringenin (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally, 120 minutes before ischemia. After the experiments, the jejunum was removed and the tissues were processed for histopathological examination. Serum total antioxidant activity (TAA), and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were measured in jejunal tissue. Histopathologically, jejunal tissues of the intestinal IR group showed severe inflammatory cell infiltration, villus shortening and blunting and hemorrhage in lamina propria, as well as epithelial cell necrosis. Administration of Naringenin alleviated the jejunal damage in group 4. Levels of TAA, SOD, CAT, GPx and GR decreased in the intestinal IR group, but increased significantly (p<0.05) in the IR+Naringenin group. Naringenin significantly (p<0.05) decreased MDA levels which was increased by IR. Our results showed that Naringenin treatment protected the rat's intestinal tissue against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

There are some specific plants used in traditional medicine, one of which is Echinophora platyloba. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of platyloba (Echinophora platyloba) on the experimental full-thickness wound healing in rats. In this study 80 adult male Wistar rats were used. They were randomly divided into four groups including control, placebo, therapeutic ointment 1.5% and 3%. Animals were anesthetized and scrubbed from the shoulder to the ilium. Then, a circular wound was made with a diameter of 15 mm on the back between scapula and ischial tuberosity. The control group received no medication, while the placebo group received eucerin, the third and fourth groups received 1.5 and 3% Echinophora platyloba ointment locally. Histological samples were taken on days 3, 7, 14 and 21 in each group, then all samples were sent to the laboratory and processed with H&E staining method. Histopathological evaluations showed better healing results in those groups which had received Echinophora platyloba extract in comparison to other groups. Moreover, wound healing was significantly better in these groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results obtained from this study indicate that Echinophora platyloba extract had positive effect on wound healing in rat.