VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2019 | Volume:13 | Issue:3 (51) |Papers Count:8

In recent years, special attention has been paid to insulin resistance mediators, such as adiponectin, that is produced and expressed during conception in placental tissue, thereby inducing its effects on the growing embryo and the health of the mother. In this study, the effect of selenium nanoparticles and sodium selenite on transcription of placental adiponectin gene was investigated for the first time during the transitional period. For this purpose, 20 pregnant ewes were selected randomly. During the 10 days leading up to birth, oral administration of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) with dosages of 0. 05 and 0. 10 mg/kg B. W. and sodium selenite with dosage of 0. 1 mg/kg B. W. was performed. At the same time, the control group received equal volume of distilled water. At parturition, placental samples were collected and the transcription rate of adiponectin gene was determined by using RT-PCR based on a comparison assay of 2-Δ Δ Ct. The results showed that selenium supplementation in pregnant ewes leads to a significant reduction in adiponectin gene transcription rate and the suppressive role of selenium nanoparticles was significantly superior to sodium selenite.

The genera Cryptosporidium and Giardia are among the most common protozoal parasites causing small intestinal abnormalities of dogs. In this study, 200 fecal samples of herd and guard dogs were collected randomly from different rural areas around Mahabad city and referred to the laboratory after stabilization with formalin and polyvinyl alcohol solutions. Samples were microscopically studied using concentration method followed by the Trichrome-Gumurian and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining techniques. In general, 9 (4. 5%) and 31 (15. 5%) of the studied dogs were infected with Cryptosporidium and Giardia respectively. The highest incidence of cryptosporidium was observed in dogs less than 6 months (10. 43%) and the lowest incidence was in the age group more than 4 years (1. 54%). The highest levels of Giardia infection were found in the 6-12 months age group (25%) and the lowest in the 1-4 years age group (8. 62%). The prevalence of infection with cryptosporidium and giardia in male dogs was 4. 67% and 14. 95%, respectively, and 4. 30% and 16. 13% in female dogs, respectively. The prevalence of both protozoa in male and female dogs as well as in different age groups was not statistically significant. There were no significant relation between age and gender with prevalence of both parasites. However, the level of infection with both Cryptosporidium and Giardia protozoa in dogs with inappropriate sanitation was higher than those with proper sanitary status, but this difference was not statistically significant.

The goal of this research was to clearly elucidate the effects of centrifugation and cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on a soy lecithin-based extender on post-thaw ram sperm quality. Sperm samples of 5 adult ram of Ghezel were collected for 3 weeks. After the initial assessment, the approved semen samples were combined and divided into 8 equal parts in the Falcon tube. Four samples were combined at 30° C and the seminal plasma was then removed by centrifugation. The semen from the other four tubes was not centrifuged and was diluted with Tris buffer + different concentrations of CLC (0, 0. 75, 1. 5, and 3 mg / 120 x 106 spermatozoa) and 7% glycerol, similar to the first group. The sample was then cooled to 5 ° C and frozen in a 0. 25 ml of straws. After thawing, total motility (TM) and PM, VSL, VCL, BCF, TAC, SOD, MDA, GPX, the integrity of the acrosome membrane and the integrity of the plasma membrane were significantly.

Peste-des-petits ruminants, is an important viral contagious disease of sheep and goat. Considering the importance of PPR in Sistan region, its economic losses as a consequence of mortality and treatment expenses, the high consumption of animal meat in the traditional way of slaughter in this area and lack of adequate supervision on animal health, the present study was conducted with the aim of histopathological investigation of this disease in sheep and goats of Sistan region. Tissue specimens from mouth, lungs, intestines and lymph nodes of 30 cases from suspected flocks were collected and after tissue processing were microscopically examined. In microscopic investigation, lesions were observed in 9 specimens. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and Kappa test. The incidence of infection in sheep and goats was 33. 25% and 38/88% respectively and significant association was observed between species and lesions such as multinucleated inflammatory cells accumulation and syncytial cells formation (p<0. 05). Also, the infection rates in ruminants less than and more than two years old were 35. 18% and 22. 8%, respectively and significant statistical relationship was found between the age and the severity of mononuclear inflammatory cells accumulation (p<0. 05). The contamination rates in males and females were 49. 98% and 12. 5%, respectively and significant statistical association was found between the sex and the incidence of lesions like multinucleated inflammatory cells accumulation, syncytial cells and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (p<0. 05). The results of this study demonstrated that there is a higher incidence of PPR occurrence in Sistan region in goats less than two years old with much severe pathologic lesions.

Listeria monocytogenes is a short, gram-positive, spore-free bacillus and facultative intracellular parasite, which is transmitted through contaminated vegetables, milk, cheese and meat to humans. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) obtained from the egg yolk of immunized hens is a great and cheap source of polyclonal antibodies. These antibodies can be an appropriate replacement for antibodies produced in other laboratory animals. In recent years, IgY has been used widely in medical research for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. In current study, 12 Hy-line laying hens were divided into 2 groups of control (2 hens) and treatment (10 hens) and the treatment group was immunized by triple injection of Listeria monocytogenes antigens once a week. Then, after collecting the eggs and measuring total protein and yolk globulins at weeks 9, 10 and 11 after the first injection, it was observed that there was no significant difference in both parameters at 9 and 10 weeks, while they showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p<0. 05). However, the amount of globulin and total protein of yolk in the eleventh week was significantly reduced although no significant difference was observed with the controls. Accordingly, it could be concluded that immunization of hens by antigens prepared from Listeria monocytogenes resulted in increased yolk globulin levels in the ninth and tenth weeks after injection therefore egg yolk can be used as a source for producing polyclonal antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes.

Sialic acid (SA), an acetylated derivative of neuroaminic acid, is widely distributed in mammalian tissues. Since SA is usually bound to glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, it is scarcely found as free form in the serum. Moreover, SA is an important structural component of biological membranes and it is widely found in bacteria and animal tissues but its concentration increases rapidly following inflammation and tissue injury. In the present study, the effect of retained fetal membranes (RFM) on plasma sialic acid activity was studied weekly on 60 postpartum Holstein dairy cows with ELISA from 3 weeks before calving to 1 week after calving named as the transitional period. There was a significant difference between the RFM and healthy groups in the amount of sialic acid during the two weeks before calving and also a week after calving. Also, there was a significant difference in the trend of variation of sialic acid concentration during different weeks in each group. The results indicated that upper plasma sialic acid activity is associated with RFM in the early postpartum period and this could be used as a RFM diagnostic parameter beside other diagnostic parameters in dairy cows.

Induced lipolysis by negative energy balance causes an increase in milk fat, a decrease in milk protein, and also as a consequence an increase in milk fat to protein ratio (FPR). The objective of this study was to evaluate available data in each milk record such as fat, protein and their ratio, somatic cell count (SCC) and the history of dairy cows in order to determine pregnancy risk (PR) till 120 days in milk (DIM). Therefore, the information of 1, 279 primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows was collected on days 30 and 60 of DIM and near the first artificial insemination (AI) postpartum. The results illustrated the amount of milk fat, protein and FPR on day 30 of DIM in non-pregnant and pregnant groups were (2. 67± 1. 2, 2. 62± 1. 04 and 1. 01± 0. 4) and (2. 87± 1. 16, 2. 76± 0. 95 and 1. 03± 0. 36), on day 60 of DIM were (2. 87± 1. 06, 2. 7± 0. 86 and 1. 06± 0. 35) and (2. 97± 1. 15, 2. 73± 0. 9 and 1. 08± 0. 36), and near the first AI were (2. 62± 1. 2, 2. 53± 1. 04 and 1. 03± 0. 4) and (2. 8± 1. 24, 2. 63± 1. 01 and 1. 06± 0. 5), respectively, in which their effects on PR till 120 DIM were significant at two sampling times (p<0. 05). The effect of SCC at day 60 of DIM on PR till 120 DIM was also significant (p=0. 023); but none of the milk constituents and SCC had constant effect when analyzed by Logistic regression. Seasons of calving (p=0. 02) and AI (p=0. 00), previous DIM (p=0. 001) and milk production (p=0. 016) were analyzed by COX model and it was demonstrated that only previous DIM (p=0. 021, Odds ratio=0. 985) and season of AI (p=0. 040, Odds ratio= 7. 5) had significant effect on pregnancy till 120 DIM. The result of the present study shows that the effect of previous DIM and season of AI are significant on pregnancy till 120 DIM, but milk constituents had no effect on it.

Borago officinalis L. is a plant of Boraginaceae family, which is commonly used for medicinal purposes. The oil of this plant is rich in essential compounds, which is likely to cause changes in the ruminal fermentation pattern. Hence, this study was carried out with the aim of extracting the oil of borago officinalis L. after flowering by Soxhlet apparatusand investigating its effect (at four different levels of 0, 0. 15, 0. 30 and 0. 45 mg/ml) on some ruminal fermentation parameters in an in vitro batch culture. The findings indicated that after oil addition, there was no change in gas production parameters (except for constant rate of gas production), microbial mass yield, efficiency of microbial mass synthesis, partitioning factor and protozoal population of the culture medium, but pH was significantly (linear, p=0. 04) decreased compared to the control group, and total volatile fatty acids increased (linear, p=0. 0006) subsequently. Also, methane yield decreased significantly (linear, p=0. 0005) when the level of oil increased in the medium, but in contrast, the degradability of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber increased. The overall results showed that the oil extracted from Borago officinalis L. can modify the ruminal fermentation pattern responsible for animal performance and reduce the emission of methane gas. Also, it seems that 0. 45 mg/ml of oil produces the maximum effect on the fermentation pattern.