Journal of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Year:2011 | Volume:14 | Issue:4 (48)|Papers Count:12

Background: Pioglitazone from thiazolidinediones generation, represent a new antidiabetic drugs that have been introduced in the world recently. Thiazolidinediones can improve insulin resistance by activating the nuclear peroxoxisome proliferator activated receptor-g (PPAR-g) and increasing insulin sensitivity in their receptors. Insulin and its receptors are found in specific areas of CNS with a variety of region-specific functions. The effects of insulin in CNS are different from its direct glucose regulation in the periphery. Hippocampus and cerebral cortex distributed insulin/insulin receptor have been shown to be involved in brain cognitive functions. In the present study, the effect of pioglitazone microinjection into CA1 region of rat hippocampus using Morris water maze performance has been investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, male N-MRI rats were randomly divided into control, DMF (dimethyl formamide) and pioglitazone groups (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 µg/rat). Drugs were injected (1 µl/rat) into CA1 region bilaterly during 1 min. Thirty minutes after the intrahippocampal injection of drugs, water maze training was started. Results: Pioglitazone had a dose dependent effect. The spatial learning and memory didn’t change with lower dose of pioglitazone, but improved with intermediate doses, while they impaired with higher dose. Conclusion: These results suggest that intrahippocampal injection of pioglitazone may have a dose-dependent effect on spatial learning and memory in rats in range of 0.001 to 1 µg/rat.

Background: Morphine consumption during pregnancy could lead to defect and delay in nervous system development in the embryos. In the present study, development of the tongue of embryos whom their mothers received oral morphine during pregnancy have been studied.Methods: Female Wistar rats (200-220 g) after pregnancy were divided randomly into the experimental and control groups. The control group received tap water whereas the experimental group received morphine (0.05 mg/ml) in their drinking waters. On the day 19, the pregnant rats were killed by chloroform overdose and the embryos were removed surgically and were fixed in formalin 10%. Simultaneously, the rats’ bloods were collected for corticosterone measurement. Weight and length of the embryos were determined. Then the embryos’ heads were removed for tissue processing, cutting and Hematoxylin- Eosin staining. The subjects were evaluated using light microscope and MOTIC software. Number of the cells also counted. Un-paired t-test applied for statistical analysis.Results: Plasma corticosterone level, embryos’ weight and length did not show any significant differences between control and experimental groups. The large diameter of the tongue of the experimental group was decreased but the small diameter in two groups did not differ. Tongue cells numbers in the experimental group were increased but their size decreased.Conclusion: Decrease in the large diameter of tongue, increase in the cell number and decrease in cell size indicate the influence of morphine consumption during pregnancy on tongue development in the embryos.

Background: During the procedure of Kermanshahi oil production, some changes occur, which might affect the lipid profile of oil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Kermanshahi animal oil on the lipid profile in healthy men. Methods: Twenty five healthy men participated in this clinical trial study. After ten days, wash out period that subjects did not consume Kermanshahi animal oil and it was replaced with same amount of butter, serum lipid levels (TC, TG, LDL-C and HDL-C), were measured. Then subjects received 30 g/day Kermanshahi animal oil for 1 month at lunch in replace of other fats. We asked to subjects do not use Kermanshahi animal oil in other meals and replace it with the same amount of butter. After this period, serum lipid and lipoproteins were measured again. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test using SPSS soft ware version 12.Results: Following 30 days intake of Kermanshahi animal oil, there was no change in the total cholesterol level (153.40±21.86 vs.153.92±24.64 mg/dl). Mean level of LDL-C increased (from 89.08±19.73 to 92.25±22.12 mg/dl) while TG concentration decreased from 112.84±22.33 to 107.76±25.46 and HDL-C level decreased from 41.40±5.08 to 40.76±6.39 mg/dl, but none of these differences were significant (P>0.05).Conclusion: Present study showed that consumption of 30 g/day Kermanshahi animal oil for 1 month has no effect on serum lipid levels in healthy men.

Background: In recent years, the widespread use of microwave producing instruments specially mobile phones; result in growing concern regarding the possible effects associated with these waves on human health. In the present study investigated the genotoxic effects of mobile phone radiation in adult mice (Balb/C) and their embryos. Methods: In this experimental research pregnant mice were irradiated with mobile phone for 4 days during gestational period from 14th to 18th days of gestation for 6h/day from 9AM until 15PM). At the end of treatment period, euthanized the dams on day 18.5. Then embryos in 18.5th day of gestation were extracted. At first the morphology of embryos was studied, then documented their weight and CR length. For assessment of possible genetic damages in erythrocytes the blood was taken from their hearts and smear was prepared. Spleen tissue was prepared for histological studies. Smear was prepared from peripheral blood and bone marrow of mice and stained with May Grunowald and Gimsa. data were analyzed using t-test & ANOVA. Results: In experimental group, mobile phone radiation decreased embryos weight (p=0.04) but no change was observed in CR length...

Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from existing ones, plays an important role in the physiologic circumstances such as embryonic development, placenta formation, and wound healing. It is also crucial to progress of pathogenic processes of a variety of disorders, including tumor growth and metastasis. In general, angiogenesis process is a multi-factorial and highly structured sequence of cellular events comprising migration, proliferation and differentiation of endothelial cells and finally vascular formation, maturation and remodeling. Thereby, angiogenesis inhibition as a helping agent to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation has attracted the scientists’ attentions studying in this field.

Background: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) -induced lipidperoxidation can lead to dysfunction of sperm and thereby, infertility may be occurred. So, always there is a balance between amount of ROS and anti-oxidant molecules in semen. Anti-oxidant enzymes of sperm; superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalse and zinc and selenium can protect it from destructive effects of ROS. Hence, the present study was designed to compare the activities of these enzymes and trace elements between fertile and idiopathic infertile men. Methods: Semen specimens were collected from 30 infertile men with proven infertility by an urologist, and 30 fertile men as control donors, with age range between 20-40 years old. Semen analysis was conducted by CASA method. Atomic absorption method was used for measuring of zinc and selenium concentration. Activity assays of SOD and GPX were performed by Randox Kits. Aebi method also was applied for evaluation of catalase activity. Results: There was no difference between the activities of enzymes in fertile men and infertile ones. Also, it wasn't seen any difference in the selenium and zinc levels of seminal plasma. There was no relationship between evaluated items with sperm parameters. Only, in asthenoteratospermic individuals negative correlations were found between GPX and sperm motility, selenium and sperm morphology. Also, in these individuals, there was a positive correlation between SOD and catalse activity. Conclusion: Measuring activities of SOD, GPx, and catalase and the contents of zinc and selenium of seminal plasma do not appear to be suitable tools for determining the fertility potential of sperm.

Background: Increasing in elderely population, and social and economical changes in the living style, have made it difficult for many people to assume the responsibility of taking care of old aged adults in the family, consequently institutions become the inevitable home for many older adults. The aim of this study was to compare mental health of institutionalized and community living elderly in Kermanshah.Methods: The study was a cross-analysis one. One hundred and twenty seven community livings (83 male and 44 female) and the same number of institutionalized persons were selected using the convenient sampling method. General health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used for collection of data. Data were analyzed by t test and ANOVA.Results: The institutionalized aged adults gained higher mean scores in all the four subscales of GHQ-28. The findings showed a statistically significant difference in the mean scores of depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction between two groups. The women living in institutions showed more severe social dysfunction compared to the men counterparts.Conclusion: Our study revealed more frequency in depression, somatisation and social dysfunction in aged people, residents in institutions compared with home residents.

Background: The majority of α-thalassemi mutations are deletions of one or both α-globin genes. Since the Iranian populaion is a mixture of different ethnic groups, frequency and distribution of globin mutations in various regions of the country need to be clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the common alpha globin gene deletions among individuals with hypochromic microcytic anemia in Kermanshah province.Methods: Following the initial evaluation, 92 patients (47 women and 45 men) were found as microcytic hypochromic [MCV < 80 fl and MCH< 27 pg] anemia and selected for this study. All samples were analyzed for detection of four α-gene deletions (-a3.7, -a4.2, - (a) 20.5 and --MED) by GAP-PCR technique. After amplification, 10µl of PCR product was electrophoresed through 1.2% agarose gel and bands were visualized by staining gel in ethidium bromide solution and photographed under a UV transilluminater.Results: 45 patients had -a3.7 single gene deletion. In patients with -a3.7 deletions, in both homozygous and heterozygous states, MCH was lower than normal ranges. However, the percent of HbA2 was in normal range. In this study, other common deletional mutations, including - (a) 20.5, -a4.2 and --MED were not found.Conclusion: The results of persent study showed that the frequency of -a3.7 single gene deletion among patients with microcytic hypochromic anemia in Kermanshah province was 48.9%.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most fatal and preventable cancers. In this study, we sought to investigate about trend in incidence of lung cancer in Kermanshah province -Iran. Methods: All pathology reports on lung cancer were collected from pathology centers in Kermanshah Province in recent 11 years (1997-2007). After merging the data with cases reported in, province health centre data whole data were analysed using Stata8. Using world standard population, we calculated Standardized incidence proportion by direct method and using FAY & FEUER method. We calculated 95% confidence interval for incidence of lung cancer in each year.Results: Over 11 years of study period, 637 patients with lung cancer have been reported in Kermanshah from total, 582 patients had primary lung cancer. The row and standardized incidence of this cancer was 3.2 and 6.1 in 100, 000 people over 11 years of study, respectively. The incidence was increasesd with age. Annual percentage change showed a decrease over years (3.4% decrease in 100000 in each year) (p=0.24). For the whole period of study, the incidence of lung cancer in men was greater than female and male to female ratio varied from 2.2 to 12.7.Conclusion: Decrease in incidence of lung cancer was not significant. It might be partly due to non complete cancer registration as well as changes in cancer registration over years.

Background: Arterial occlusions are divided as acute and chronic. Emboli is the most common cause of acute arterial occlusion, which is treated by perforating embolectomy using fogarty catheter. Some of these cases that are not diagnosed in early phase of the disease (within the first month), should be treated using open surgical techniques, since embolectomy via fogarty catheter is not effective in such instances. Case report: In this study we reported a 55 years old lady with subclavian-axillary artery occlusion who was suffered from critical limb ischemia. For the first time in Iran we used Rotator-Aspirer appreture for thrombectomy in this patient.Conclusion: Following the intervention, distal pulses were pulpated and ischemic signs and symptoms faded completely.

Five to ten percent of new HIV infected cases, attributed to the transfusion of unsafe blood and blood products. The persent study was conducted on blood donors in Kermanshah province to find the prevalence of HIV infection between these individuals. Data was collected by a form in two sections of demographic information and results of screening test for the present of HIV and other infections transfer through blood transfusion durging first 6 months of 2008. Blood samples were tested using Elisa and western blot. Data were analyzed during SPSS software and X2 test. Eleven out of 22354 blood unit donated were positive for HIV by Elisa test. Using western blot three infected patients (%0.05) fo HIV was confirmed.