JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2012 | Volume:6 | Issue:4 (24)|Papers Count:8

Ferulago angulata (Schlecht) Boiss. belonging to Apiaceae, has been used in traditionally as sedative, digestive and expel worms. This study was done to understand some ecological characteristics of Fe. angulata in order to abundant cultivate as a medicinal industry and also preventation of the habitat destruction of the F. angulata. Canopy cover percent and frequency of F. angulata and other species were measured by random-systematic sampling method from 220 plots on 6 transects. Soil parameters including organic carbon, depth, pH, Ec and soil texture are determined via 6 soil samples. Also were recorded Geological, climatic and topographic characteristics, land use types, habitat types of the species. The results showed that Fe. angulata almost habitats with the other species e.g. Allium bodeanum Regel., Arum albispathum Stev., Astragalus adscendens Boiss. & Hausskn.and Tulipa Montana Lindl. has been grown in a cold semi-humid region with elevation of 2700-3300 meters level above sea, slope greater than 40-45 percentage and loamy and sandy-loamy soil texture with organic carbon 1.51, pH 7.5 and Ec 1 mMoh/cm. Also the results showed that beginning of flowering stage is from early June until early July. In general, this study can be effective in planting and domesticating of F. angulata with pay attention to a lot of medicinal uses and importance of F. angulata and its role in economics of rural families.

SarAliabad-e-Gorgan with an area of 2500 hectars is located in 45km S of Gorgan in Golestan province. The lowest and high are 1800 and 3200 mters.Average annual precipitation reaches to 384 mm, which is more snow form. Flora of this region includes 255 plant speciesthat belonges to 177 genera and 54 families. The important families are respectively, Asteraceae with 33 species (12.9%), Lamiaceae with 28 species (11%), Poaceae with 27 species (10.6%), Fabaceae with 20 species (7.8%), Carophyllaceae with 18 species (7.1%), Brassicaceae with 17 species (6.7%) and Liliaceae with 10 species (3.1%). Life forms of the plant species of SarAliaba-e Gorgan region include: Hemicryptophytes 52.5%, theophytes 17.6%, chamaephytes 12.2%, cryptophytes 10.2%, phanerophytes 6.7% and epiphytes 0.8%. From the view point of regional elements plants of this region include: 44.7% Irano-touranian, 18.4% Euro-Siberian, 9% Euro-Siberian, Mediteranian and Irano-Touranian, 7.8% Polyregional, 5.1% Euro-Siberian and Irano-Touranian, 4.7% Irano-Touranian and Mediteranian, 4.3% Cosmopolitan, 3.5% Euro-Siberian and Mediteranian, 1.2% Irano-touranian and Soharo-Sindian, 0.8% Irano-touranian, Mediteranian and Soharo-Sindian and 0.4% Euro-Siberian, Soharo-Sindian and Irano-Touranian. From the 255 species of flora this area 85 species are medicinal plants and 14 species endemic in Iran.

Multiple cropping (growing more than one crop in a year) is a one of effective ways to better use of environmental sources and time. In order to study of planting date effects on yield and qualitative traits of cotton cultivars under barley-cotton double cropping system an experiment carried out in Agricultural and Natural Recourse Researches Station of Gonabad, Iran during 2010 growing season. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on randomized completely block design with three replications. Main plots were included of D1: Normal planting date (May 05, 2010), D2: sowing after final irrigation of barley (May 22, 2010) and D3: sowing after harvest of barley in the same field (June 05, 2010). Sub plots were included of three cotton cultivars, V1: Varamin, V2: Khordad and V3: Sepid. The traits that measured in this experiment included of: lint yield, lint length, micronaire, lint strength, fiber elongation percentage and lint percentage. The results illustrated that the lint yield of cotton cultivars decreased as planting date delayed, so that third planting date caused more than 30% decrease in lint yield compared to other planting dates. Comparison of interaction effects showed that Khordad cultivar under first planting date and Varamin cultivar under second planting date had the highest lint yield and there was no significant difference between them. Also, qualitative characteristics of cotton lint affected by planting date and cultivar treatments, so that qualitative traits of cotton improved due to delaying planting date and sowing cotton after barley harvest showed significant improvement in most of qualitative traits. In the case of these traits, Varamin cultivar was significantly better than other cultivars.

Cotton (Gossupiuym hirsutum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Different cultivars of this species show different responses to soil salinity. To investigate the effect of salinity on the physiological characteristics of different varieties of cotton an experiment was performed in a randomized block design with three replications in AqQala (Gorgan) and Karkande (Kordkoy) in crop year 2011. The treatments consisted of different varieties of cotton in 10 levels of Q28, 43200, Sherpan 539, Gukorva, Coker 439, Sepid, Seland, Superokra, Sahel and Opal and 2 levels of soil salinity with electrical conductivity of 2 (non-saline soil with EC=2) and 16 (saline soil with EC=16) ds/m and the composition traits such as anthocyanin, antioxidant activity and certain elements concentration, were measured under different salinities. Sampling was conducted in the vegetative growth of the last leaves of cotton plants at one stage. The results showed that in saline (16 ds/m) than non-saline environments (2 ds/m) concentration of sodium ions, calcium, magnesium and chlorine increased in all varieties. Also Ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in saline soils. The highest anthocyanin in the Seland variety and the proline content significantly increased with increase in salinity in Sahel, Sherpan 539, Coker 439 and opal varieties.

The Talish area is located in Guilan Province; Talish is placed in Hyrcanian region. Hylocomium belongs to Hylocomiaceae family. This genus is recorded for the first time from Iran. In order to collect the mosses of Asalem forest (Nav 3) in 2010, two new species were collected and identified as Hylocomium splendens and Rhytiadelphus squrrosus based on morphological, anatomical and edaphical characters. Two new species are recorded for the first time for bryoflora of Iran.

For investigating of Cd accumulation ability in Asteraceae family, some experiments were conducted on Taraxacum syriacum in total randomly statistical block with four treatment and five replicates after 20 days from germination time Plants were treated by different concentrations of cadmium (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/L) in a 15 days period. Results showed that high concentrations of Cd in nutrition solution had a significant effect on some growth parameters; so that indicated; such as Relative leaf area growth rate, Relative growth rate, Unite leaf area, dry and wet weight of root and shoot reduced lightly and Leaf water content area and Specific leaf area increased. But the rate of Leaf area wasn’t reduced significantly. Cadmium level changing in environment didn’t cause to significant change in Leaf mass fraction content. In treatment with Cadmium, the level of elements such iron, cupper and manganese reduced. The cupper and manganese contain in shoots of treated plant at cadmium level: 100 mg/L didn’t show significant increase. By increasing the Cd level in environment, the amount of it in root and shoot of treated plant increased significantly. By increasing the cadmium level, the total protein contain increased too. Also by SDS- page analysis, it was appeared different protein bands in 150 mg/L and 100 mg/L Cd in compare to control treatment. This research showed that T.syriacum can tolerate at places containing high and medium levels af cadmium and it can be introduced as a plant with Cd accumulating ability.

This research was conducted to study effects of seed size and sowing depth of 3 barley genotypes on physiological traits in salinity stress soil in cropping seasons 2009-2010 at Aieneh researches station (Army nemoneh farm in North of Gorgan). This experiment was done in soil loam-clay tissue, pH 7.8 and Ec 11.1 dS.m-1 with 3 factors. genotype, seed size and sowing depth with split plot in randomized completely block design with 3 replications. Genotypes were in main plots include FIBERGA/STE, SAHRA and M9878/CRDO and factors such as seed size (three size: lerge, medium and small) and sowing depth (in 2 levels 3-5 and 7-9 cm) were in subplots as factorial. Result of analysis tratis showed that interaction of genotype and sowing depth were significant on proline content of barley leave. Also comparison means showed that among of all genotypes, genotype SAHRA had highest proline content. Genotype SAHRA with sowing depth 3-5 cm had highest proline content. plant that growing from small seed size in depth of 3-5 had high soluble carbohydrate. content in their leave genotype M9878/. with sowing depth 3-5 cm had high chlorophyll content.

The aim of this research was studying of acclimation of the cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. at the combination of salinity and carbon dioxide concentration. After purification using subcultures, pure strain has been inoculated on liquid BGO-11 culture media. Combination of salinity and carbon dioxide treatments have been treated at 28oC and 1800 lux continuous irradiance. Salt treatments include culture media with 0.4, 0.5, 0.6% NaCl. Carbon dioxide treatment were non aeration, aeration, and carbon dioxide inoculation both with and without shaking which were treated in above salt condition. Survival, growth, specific growth rate, phycoerythrin, phycocyanine, and allophycocyanine contents have been evaluated beside phycobilisome efficiency. Results showed that the highest rate of growth was related to 0.5% salinity in non aeration and shaking conditions. At the 9th day, growth reach to same point at both 0.5 and 0.6% salinity. After that growth rate tend to lower at 0.6% salinity. At 0.5% salinity, growth rate seems greater at aeration condition but after that both tend to the same point at 11th day after inoculation. The content of allophycocyanine was the highest rate at this salinity. Using carbon dioxide enrichment, the highest growth rate was related to 0.4% salinity. Collectively results show that the acclimation of this strain seems possible through pigment composition change and phycobilisome efficiency. This seems an strong evidence for using this cyanobacterium in paddy-fields which include both salinity and carbon dioxide concentration tension as a whole.