JOURNAL OF PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
Year:2011 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 (20)|Papers Count:8

Entrance a lot of organic and inorganic materiales in water cause pollution and produce wastewater. A long with high nutrient concentrations in wastewater promote algal photosynthesis and oxygen production, thus allowing aerobic bacteria decompose organic matters. Environmental factors affect on present and density of phytoplankton in this environment. Physical factors such as temperature and light had profound effects on phytoplankton diversity. Municipal wastewater treatment plants have chosed for experiments. Sampling were carridout from two places input and output regions, along with 12 month. Samples carried to laboratory and phytoplankton identified.Finally 22 taxon were identified that belonging to 4 Divisions; cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta and 4 classes, 8 orders, 17 Families and 17 genus. Cyanophyta density were higher than others, but Cholorophyta with 22 taxon had highest diversity. Diatoma had high density in cold seasons. Populations diversity in two places were campared with using Standers Diversity Index. The effect of environmental factors, which potentially influence the populations dynamic, were evaluated by correlating this factors with density of phytoplankton in different seasons. In order to, environmental factors determine the phytoplankton populations.

Norouzak is an important medicinal plant belongs to Lamiaceae. This plant is being to estinction risk in Iran, because its natural growth location was destructed. Proliferation and rhyzogenesis of plantlets from seeds were investigated. Seeds were striled with 0.1% HgCl2 and cultured in MS medium (0.5 Nitrate and 20 gr/l-sucrose). After 3 weeks plantlets were cut from collar point, recultured in the MS medium (0.5 Nitrate and 20 gr/l sucrose) with different concentrations of BAP and 2ip hormones in 6 treatments and 5 replications for proliferation. Produced shoots were put in MS medium with 7 treatments and 5 replications in different concentrations of IBA and IAA hormons for rhyzogenesis. Results showed that MS medium (0.5 Nitrate and 20 gr/l sucrose) with 0.3 mg/l BAP and 0.1 mg/l IBA is the best treatment for shooting. The best treatment for rooting was MS medium with 1 mg/l NAA.

The studied region with 1000 hectares area, is located in the east of Ashtian, Markazi province. The altitude of this area is through 2300-2600. The amount of annual precipitation is 339.11mm and the mean temperature is 11.5°c. In this florestic study, 130 species of plants were identified. These species belong to 96 genera and 32 families. The most species belongs to Asteraceae (19 species), Fabaceae (13 species), Poaceae (12 species) and Apiaceae (12 species) family, respectively. Hemi cryptophytes with 52.30% are most frequent life form, Therophytes with 21.5% and geophytes with 10.8% were another important of life forms. The distribution of 78.5% of species is restricted to Irano-Turanian region.

The Chrysanthemum genus is decorative plant and entomophile that has a heavy pollens. Its direct contact in houses, celebration ceremonial caused me to check the allergenicity of its pollens. In this the research, we used from the guinea pigs. The water and ethanol extracts and phosphate buffered saline of the pollens are achieved and were injected to underskin of Guinea pigs for skin test study. Other the experiment was intraperitoneum injection of the extracts with interval gap of one day within 20 days by 0.1 ml syringe and then blood eosinophils and neutrophils were calculated based on the rate of IgE (ELISA). The flare of the pollen ethanol extract (10%) had surface of 2.5 cm in comparison with sample (0.2). The flare due to the pollen water extract (10%) with sample represent that the water extract and pure water hadn't represented the obvious flare and distinct. The flare due to the pollen phosphate buffered saline extract (10%) was 2 cm in comparison with sample (0.3). The IgE and eosinophils of the phosphate buffer and ethanol extracts had significant change in comparison with samples and without injection Guinea pigs. But there had not significance changes for the water extracts. With entrance pollens to Guinea pig body and respiratory system were observed clinical symptoms such as nose and eyes dripping, asthma, itching.

The Fumaria genus with have four species in Khorassan Razavi province.The species are similar together in morphological characters but they are different in quality. The results of root anatomy showed that in cross section of roots exists periderm tissue.The phellogen of F.vaillantii was in cortex but in other species below of rhizoderm.The arrangment of vessel in roots have  different  shapes  such  as:papilionaceous (F.parviflora), radial-papilionaceous  (F.vaillantii& F. indica)  and radial-circular (F.asepala) the multi cellular trichomes were observed in scaning electron micrographs of leaf epiderm that.The stomata type were anemocytic in species, so the species of this genus classification needs review.

Tomato is a plant of Solanaceae family with scientific name Lycopersicum esculentum Mill (L). var Y, Because of having vitamins and antioxidants, has nutritive and  medical  importance. With using plant biotechnology in tissue culture and somatic embryogenesis, the optimal callugenesis production, and availability of embryogenesis calluses resulted in proliferation of this plant in large scale with desirable way, is possible. In current study, root, hypocotyle, cotyledon, epicotyle, nodes, and leaves explants that obtained from strile seedlings in basic medium MS, were used. Explants were divided to 7-4 mm sections. Results indicated that root and stem in basic medium MS containing (5mgl -1BAP +2 mgl -1IAA), after 3 weeks in dark callus, with formation of embryonoids reached to globular embryo step. In basic medium MS without hormone, after 2 other weeks culture in light, subculture were differentioned to heart embryos. In second subculture, heart embryo transferred to basic medium MS containing 2mgl-1NAA+2 mgl-1IAA, and after 3 weeks other culture in light, diferentioned to torpedo embryos. Subculture of some samples in same medium resulted in forming of leaved. It appeared that increasing amount of auxin causes the roots are formed.

Agricultural soils especially paddy-fields may be affected by a collection of different stresses including acidity fluctuations. We may see an extremely limited CO2 condition in paddy-field that algal flora must be acclimate with them. Green algae Chlorella, seems a strategic algae with economic and applied point of views. We have no report about this algae in Golestan province especially about possibility of algalization with this algae. Soil samples were collected from paddy-fields of Golestan province during one year. Culturing, purification and preparing unialgal have been done in N8 culture media. Then two steps have been considered for analyzing of behavior of this algae in different acidity and carbon dioxide concentrations. This or short time primitive acclimation the algae were treated at different pHs and growth was measured using turbidity and biomass analysis and pigment including Chlorophyll a, b,b-carotene and xanthophylls were measured in vivo and in vitro after methanolic extraction. At the first step, pH treatments were extremely acidic (pH5), neutral (pH 7), alkaline (pH 9) and extremely alkaline (pH 12). At the second step, combination of pHs and that in all treatment, log phase of growth cure. Results showed that in all treatment, log phase of growth curve occurred in a short time. pH5 caused decline in growth in 3ed day after inoculation. Specific growth rate was significantly higher in limited CO2 conditions. It was noticeable that in all treatments Chlorella sp. GHA0013 could adjust the pHs of the medium at optimum condition (pH9.5) using different buffer concentration had no effect on this ability.

In this research, the effects of different concentrations of ZnCl2 (5, 10, 15, 20µM) and PbCl2 (0.5, 2.5, 4.5, 6.5µM) on Soybean were examined. The effects of ZnCl2 and PbCl2 on the percentage of germination and germination rate of seeds, longitudinal growth of roots and shoots of seedlings of Soybean and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were studied. The seeds were transferred to petril dishes containing filter paper after surface sterile. There were 4 repeat from each treatment and there were 6 seeds in each repeat. The results showed that Pb stress had no significant effect in the percentage of germination of seedlings, and increase in both Zn and Pb treatment caused increasing in germination rate, but, it caused significant decrease in the length of roots, shoots and seedlings. Zn stress caused significant decrease in the percentage of germination in the higher concentrations and decrease in the length of roots and shoots in all of concentrations. The activities of Catalase and Peroxidase (POX) enzymes had significant increase in the plants under treatment with Zn and Pb in all concentrations. Obtained results of this research indicated that in comparison with Zn, Soybean has more Tolerance to Pb. It seems that in short term stress of Zn and Pb, the plant decreases stress intensity with induction of fast response, but, in spite of definitions that exist for the tolerable plants of Zn and Pb, it doesnot  seem to include Soybean from tolerable plants to these heavy metals.