JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ORDER (ENTEZAM-E-EJTEMAEI)
Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:13

Background and Objective: Social development is considered as the most comprehensive dimension of development. This aspect of development is considered as an interdisciplinary area and empirical interdisciplinary field that seeks the material and spiritual well-being of people at all levels of society. This study examines the status of social development among citizens in the northern and southern regions of Tehran.Methodology: In this research, using the variables of quality of life, social cohesion, social security feeling and socioeconomic status and using the method of scanning, the social development status in Tehran was studied. The population of the study is citizens aged 18 to 50 years old living in Tehran. The research sample consisted of 384 citizens of two districts 3 as north of the city and 18 as the southern cities with simple multi-stage sampling method. The instrument of this research is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software.Findings and Conclusion: The results of independent t test showed that the variables of quality of life (t=2.65), social cohesion (t=1.78), social security feeling (t=2.60) and social- economic status (t=7.26) and of social development (t=2.57) differ with a significance level less than 0.05 in regions 3 and 18. Therefore, the variables studied vary from one region to another, and more importantly, in area 3 this variation is more than the 18th area and the main variable of the research, which is social development, in area 3 is more than 18th area. Social development in some areas is in a more balanced position than other areas. Therefore, Tehran is in a disadvantaged position in terms of social development.

Background and Aim: Violence is a part of the social damage of the modern age, which has led to a moral collapse in social relationships. Soccer sport is also one of the most exciting activities of citizens and an exciting element, which is accompanied by an increase in social feelings and violence; along with the changes in sports, the issue of aggression and violence, both collectively and individually, has led to a disruption of the functional system of social relations and citizenship, which can be seen among spectators, fans and sometimes football players. In this regard, the present study was designed to examine sociological factors affecting aggressive behaviors among football fans.Methodology: The research method is a survey. The statistical population of this research is over 70, 000 spectators present at one of the soccer stadiums of the country, of which 400 were estimated based on the Cochran formula. SPSS software was used to analyze the data.Results: The results of the study showed that the correlation between age, police control, aggression learning, failure, mass media stimulation, and the dependent variable of aggression of the audience was confirmed. The results of regression analysis also indicate that the independent variables of the research explained 29% of the variations of the dependent variable.Conclusion: Reducing violence and aggression in the context of the family and the mass media and, on the other hand, increasing the formal and informal social control plays an essential role in preventing and reducing the phenomenon of aggression among football fans.

Background and Aim: Social harm is one of the major problems that is currently affecting many societies. The purpose of this study was to compare the attitude toward social harm in first grade high school students in terms of family backgrounds.Methodology: In this research, a causal-comparative descriptive method was used. The statistical population of this study included first grade high school students in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sample size in this study was 152 based on Morgan's table. In this research, stratified random sampling was used. To assess the attitude to social damage, the questionnaire by Aghayee and Teimur-Tash was used. In order to determine the validity of this questionnaire, face validity method was used and Cronbach's alpha method was utilized to calculate the reliability of this questionnaire.Findings: The findings showed that the average attitude toward social harm among students whose parents had lower education, older age, and poorer economic status was higher than the rest of the students. Also, the average attitude to social harm of students whose parents are unemployed, their mothers is not employed or their parents do not live together are higher than the rest of the students.Conclusion: According to the research findings, the average social harm of students whose parents are older, lower education, more economically disadvantaged or unemployed is more than most other students; thus, it is suggested that these students and their parentsreceive more support for education.

Background and Objectives: Economic, social and spatial factors affect the formation of crime hotspots. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explain the formation of crime hotspots in the 12th district of Tehran based on the components of social degradation theory.Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and utilizes applied methods such as standard deviation and factor analysis in the GIS environment.Findings: The amount of Moron statistic for total urban crime in the region of 12 is 0.34 and Z score is 15.86, which indicates their clustering. Crime-related centers focus on poverty centers such as Arg Pamnar, Ferdowsi, Lalehzar, Baharestan-e-Sa' adi, Mokhtari Takhty, Ghyam, Kosar, Shush and Sirous. The 12th area with a total of 3.17% of the total population and 2.7% of the total area of Tehran, respectively, amounted to 9.32% of Tehran's crimes. Also, high residential mobility and ethnic diversity have reduced the self-control of the region.Conclusion: The components of poverty, population density and ethnic diversity have provided grounds for facilitating the occurrence of crimes in the 12th region. In fact, there is a positive correlation between these components and the occurrence of crime in region 12.

Background and aim: Crime is an unsuitable social phenomenon with many negative economic and social consequences. To control crime in the country, identifying the roots of crime is of great importance. The statistics show that there are important factors in the occurrence of the crime, one of the most important of which is environmental factors. Environmental factors are the basis for various types of crimes, one of the most important of which is theft of crime. The main purpose of this research is to investigate and identify the factors affecting theft in Kerman city in 2016, which has been investigated in four regions.Methodology: This research is an analytical-descriptive study and in collecting information, library methods, documents (use of documents, information and statistics of devices and organizations) and surveys have been used and mapping and analyzing information is also done using GIS software.Findings: The main reasons for robbery in Kerman are unemployment, lack of policing control, spatial location, physical-environmental and time-based issue.Results: With the spatial analysis obtained in this study, it was found that the crime of robbery is more likely to occur on the outskirts of Kerman. Of course, in some of the central regions and the old texture, too much of this crime is due to environmental-physical conditions. Most cases of theft, including car theft, occurred in areas four, one, three, and two, respectively.

Background and Aim: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the role of citizen participation in providing social security feeling (Case study: Mobarakeh city).Methodology: This research was conducted using a survey method and data were collected through a questionnaire. The statistical population of this research is the citizens of Mobarakeh, who are over 20 years old, in 2016. Based on the statistics and the Population and Housing Census of 2016, the city of Mobarakeh is 120737. Considering that the sample size was 383 based on the Cochran formula, the researcher considered 400 samples as the sample to increase the reliability of the research tool. The method of finding the samples in this research is based on the clusters determined from the city of Mobarakeh.Findings and Conclusion: The results show that there is a high correlation between the level of public participation and the sense of security, so that the T for the public participation is equal (6.28) and the significant coefficient (Sig.T=0, 000); for the place of birth, T was equal to (5.42) and the significant coefficient (Sig.T=0.000); for satisfaction from the police function, T was (4.87); T for the responsibility of the people was (3.002) and the coefficient significance was (Sig. T=0.017). This is while for gender it is equal to (2.85) and the coefficient significance was (Sig.T=0.006) and for marital status, T is equal (2.44) and the coefficient significance (Sig.T=0.004). At this stage, the coefficient of determination is equal to 0.49

Background and Aim: The present paper deals with the theoretical and conceptual explanation of the security implications of "The uneven urbanization of the Iranian society and the emergence of urban complexes and the development of urbanization and the lack of space" in recent decades. Based on the fundamental idea of this research, the emergence of various environmental, political, economic and social challenges posed by urbanization can provide the basis for the threat of national security by jeopardizing human and social security.Methodology: This methodological study has a practical theoretical nature in terms of its purpose, and from the perspective of the method, it is an analytical descriptive one. Data needed for research were collected through documentary and library methods and data analysis in many cases was based on qualitative interpretations.Findings and Conclusions: Concentration of economic, social and cultural facilities, access to power resources in major cities and capitals have been the main factor in attracting immigrants and expansion of urbanization. In addition, the weakness of the economic foundations, the unfavorable conditions of life, the concentration of social problems and disadvantages, undesirable access to welfare services and infrastructure, and the inequality of life in various aspects can make urbanized areas a major focus for security challenges. The main security implications of urbanization are mainly in the area of social security (increase of crime, reduction of security feeling and increase of gap among classes), environmental security (increased pollution, agricultural land degradation and water scarcity), and in terms of economic security (increase in smuggling, expansion of unofficial jobs, etc.). The current process, while reducing its place of subsistence, may also threaten political and national security under certain circumstances (such as the spread of urban unrest, the growth of divergence, and the underlying conditions for the growth of terrorism, etc.).

Background and Aim: The expansion of social networks, like any other innovation, has led to changes in various aspects of life, and has led to unpleasant outcomes along with positive achievements in various fields. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying the psychological implications of the crime prevention program of the juvenile offenses with a crime prevention approach.Methodology: This is a survey and applied research. The statistical population of this study is about 1, 500 young four grade high school students, Elmi-Karbordi University and Abou Reyhan in the Pakdasht city. Using Cochran's formula, the sample size was 380. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire consisting of 30 questions in a five-point format.Results: In this study, indicators were first identified. The research hypothesis was based on the four aspects of family conflict and family disputes and the lack of chaos and the effect of using the telegram's social network on their commission. Finally, all the hypotheses were proved using SPSS software.Conclusion: It can be concluded from this study that social networks have an impact on the target population and now it is necessary to look for its impact and its penetration from the positive and negative aspects of the general public and follow the analysis of the results of the research and provide solutions. The treatment of negative effects and their dependence has been mentioned at the end.

Background and Objectives: Interrogation of the defendants is the center of gravity of preliminary research. Considering the necessity of supporting the principle of innocence and preserving human dignity in the process of fair trial, the main lines of the rights of defense for individuals (including the right to remain silent and access to a lawyer) during the interrogation (both global and regional) have been identified at this stage as per international human rights documents. Hence, the recognition of these constructive and strategic principles governing the fair trial, either from the point of view of the specific or common features of these principles or from the point of view of recognizing the bases governing them, is the starting point for drawing the relationship between these principles and the interrogation process followed by the identification and determination of various sanctions which ensures the good flow of these principles in the process of interrogating by the judiciary officers, which is discussed in this article.Methodology: According to the research objectives, its nature is applied and the method of this study is descriptive-analytical and applied, and in terms of its implementation, it is library by using a note-talking tool. The statistical population of this research includes all documents, rules and documents in the field of research.Results and results: The results showed that the theoretical foundations of observing the right of silence and access to a lawyer in the process of interrogating the judiciary include five types; 1- Respect for human dignity; 2- Assumption of innocence; 3- Ensuring the defendant's right to defense; 4- The principle of equalization of weapons; 5- Appropriate status for international documents and domestic law. Each of which was fully recognized, as an instrument for the correct interpretation of the law in order to safeguard the basic principles of the proceedings, in order to be an essential yardstick for assessing and evaluating the validity of decisions of the judiciary for the compliance with the fundamental principles.

Background and Aim: Crime has a unique spatial and temporal conditions that distinguish it from other behaviors and makes the criminal behavior not to have an equal spatial distribution in the place unit. The purpose of this study was to investigate spatial analysis of the in-car hijacking in the 5th Head Police of Tehran in order to identify crime areas.Methodology: The method used in the research is descriptive-analytic. In order to identify the spatial patterns, a basic graphical model has been used in the GIS environment. The most important test used by the center is the oval and average standard deviation from criterion. The method of Cranel estimation has been used as the statistical graphic model. For statistical analysis and graphical analysis, GIS software and crime analysis software have been used.Findings: The physical and social characteristics of crime places and their adjacent places are related to delinquency. Also, the most important centers of Tehran's crimes are formed by crowded areas throughout the day and milder during the night, and most of the crimes are in the commercial and administrative boundaries of public parking.Results: Car park locations for long periods of time, such as nearby parking lots, metro lines, commercial and office and recreational areas, are one of the best places to steal auto parts. Crime targets are abundant and car owners usually do not return to the premises for hours. Robbery in these areas, unlike residential areas, usually occurs during the day, and there is often a lot of time to assess the potential risks of committing a crime.