PLANT ECOPHYSIOLOGY (ARSANJAN BRANCH)
Year:2014 | Volume:5 | Issue:15|Papers Count:11

Heat indices in comparison with systems based on the number of days, have a higher ability to accurately predict the rate of development of hybrid corn. The experiment was conducted in split plot randomized complete block design with 4 sowing dates (July 10th, July 20th, July 30th and August 10th) and 20 domestic and foreign hybrids in 5 hybrid maturity groups and 3 replications in Darab region in 2007. Mean Comparison showed the most required time for emergence belonged to the maturation group 700 and the lowest belonged to maturation group 200, 300. Maturation group 700 showed the highest number of days to physiological reach. Also this experiment showed that grain yield decreased in later planting dates and grain moisture increased. Hybrids of 600 maturation group had the highest yield. In order to create different environments and to estimate the heat requirement, heat indices GDD, CHU and GTI were used for each hybrid. Based on heat indices and studied factors, cultivars of BC504, BC666, OSSK602, BC404, were introduced as the best cultivars and July 30 planting date, as the best planting date in Darab region. Also according to regression analysis, CHU heat index was introduced as the most stable indicator.

In order to evaluate the effect of priming on germination and growth of maize hybrid SC704 under salinity and drought stress condition and to determine the best priming treatment under stress condition, an experiment was carried out as completely randomized design with three replications in Safiabad agriculture research center in Dezful in 1389-90. The first factor included three levels ofpriming (control, seeds treated with distilled water, seeds treated with kno3 1%), the second factor included two levels of osmotic solution (NACL and PEG6000), and the third factor osmotic potentials included (0,-0.3, -0.6,-0.9 and -1.2 MPa ) .In this research some seed germination indices such as germination percent, length, fresh and dry weight root and shoot, CVG, germination speed and mean germination time were measured. Results indicated that percent germination delayed in both solutions (NACL and PEG). Germination percent and other germination indices were affected by priming treatment and stress condition and were significant. Also seeds germinated in all concentrations of NACL but didn’t germinate in osmotic potential -1.2 MGa of PEG treatment. Priming seed increased germination percent and seedling growth under salinity and drought stresses. According to the observed results, seeds treated with kno3 1% were the best and most effective treatment for germination percent.

Application of plant hormones in the development of sustainable agriculture in recent decades has been considered therefore it should be investigated in integrated crop management (ICM). To evaluate the effects of plant hormones (auxin and gibberellin) a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Marvdasht city. The first factor was four levels of auxin (zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm) and the second factor consisted of four levels of gibberellin (zero, 50, 100 and 150 ppm). ANOVA of Measurement traits showed the effect of auxin on quantitative traits in maize (Plant height, ear length, leaf fresh weight, fresh weight per ear and weight of forage kg/ha in level of probability 99 % was significant and was not significant for stem fresh weight. The effects of hormone gibberellin on trait (fresh weight of leaf, stem fresh weight, plant height, fresh weight forage, per hectare, and ear length) were significant at level of probability 99 %. And stem diameter was not significant. The results of the interaction were significant for forage yield (kg/ha) and fresh weight per plant but were not significant for other traits. Mean comparisons of auxin hormone showed that most quantitative traits (leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, fresh forage weight and fresh weight per plant) related to hormone auxin application of 100 and 150 ppm which are not statistically different. Mean comparisons showed that hormone gibberellin greatest attributes related to the application of 100 and 150 ppm. Results for quality traits (protein and carbohydrate ear stems and leaves) showed that increasing concentrations of the hormone increases the amount of quality traits.

This experiment was carried out in 2012 in Marvdasht to determine the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on some physiological characteristics, yield and the components of wheat (Triticum spp). The experiment was conducted as a factorial arranged in completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of combined application levels of nitrogen (N) at four levels (0, 75, 150, 225 kg pure nitrogen from urea fertilizer) and three levels of biological fertilizer (0, 100-g in 130-kg of seed and 200-g in 130-kg of seed). The results showed that the highest grain yield (7.6 t.ha-1) was obtained with 225 kg N pure and 200- g in 130-kg of seed biological fertilizer and the lowest (2.9 t.ha-1) grain yield obtained in control level. The highest kernel number per spike and the highest 1000 kernel weight were obtained in integrated fertilizer treatment. Application of integrated treatment 150- kg N and 200-g in 130- kg of seed biological fertilizer was not significantly different from integrated treatment 225- kg N and 100-g in 130-kg of seed biological fertilizer. Based on the results, biological fertilizer is not sufficient but integrated application of fertilizers (biological and chemical fertilizers) can significantly increase the wheat grain yield.

In order to evaluate the competitiveness of different varieties of beans and different levels of nitrogen on weed control, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was done at Shiraz Azad university The first factor included four varieties of beans (Naz, Goli, Shazand and D 801G) and the second factor consisted of four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg /ha urea 46. forme the urea nitrogen resource). Analysis of variance showed the effect of bean cultivars for number of pods, seed 1000 weight, number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant and seed yield was significant at one percent probability level but for the pod length was not significant. The effect of fertilizer levels in all treatments was significant at %01 probability level. The interaction between fertilizer levels and different bean cultivars were significant for all traits measured except for leave total Chlorophyll. The results showed that bean varieties responded differently to different levels of nitrogen. Naz cultivar responded to 40 kg/ha of fertilizer and the highest grain yield obtained in 40 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer whereas in Goli and Shazand the highest grain yield obtained was 80 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer. D801G cultivar compared to the 120 kg/ha of fertilizer had the highest grain yield. Minimum dry weed was related to both Shazand and D801G cultivars and maximum dry weed was related to both Naz and Goli cultivars. Overall the results showed that the reaction of bean cultivars to different fertilizer levels were different and at the presence of weeds should be considered fertilizer management should take into account the capacity of bean cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer.

Salvia species is a perennial plant and belongs to Labiates family. In addition to its medicinal value, it is used in food, cosmetic products and as ornamental flowers. Due to the increasing saline lands and reduced suitable lands for agriculture, identification of medicinal plants resistant to salinity and many compounds that can reduce salinity effects is important. Salicylic acid (SA) is one of the endogenous plant growth regulators, with phenolic quality that plays a regulator role in physiological process and protect the plant from environmental stresses. In order to evaluate the effect of different levels of SA on alleviation salinity on growth traits such as proline, soluble sugars, leaf area and root/shoot ratio of Salvia limbata, an experiment was conducted as a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement in Islamic Azad university of Damghan. Treatments were four concentrations of SA (0, 100, 200, 300 ppm) and four levels of Nacl (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) with four replications. The results showed that the interaction of salinity and salicylic acid on proline and soluble sugars contents in leaf were enhanced with positive and significant correlation at %1 probability level. The highest concentration of proline and soluble sugars was in the 150 mM salinity level with 300 ppm SA. Also, the maximum level of leaf area was shown in the 50 mM salinity level with 200 ppm SA. Best response of treatment was obtained with 50 mM salinity with 200 ppm SA that can be effective in the development of plant resistance and adjustment intensity to salt stress. Therefore, considering the fact that most areas in Iran suffer from salinity, it suggested that more attention should be paid to the use of plant hormone Salicylic acid.

The halophilous ecosystems of Iran are exposed to anthropogenic degradation and conservation programs and rehabilitation necessitate the study of vegetation population and environmental factors. The southeast salt marshes in Orumieh Lake with an area of 85000 hectars are situated in the 37o to 37o 37’ Latitude and 45o 35’ to 46o 2’ Longitudes. Average altitude of the salt marshes is 1284 m. Braun-Blanquet method was used to analyze the vegetation of the southeast salt marshes in Orumieh Lake. Minimum temperature, maximum temperature and annual precipitation means were selected for analysis. Phytosociological data were analyzed using Gounot method and 9 associations were determined. The soil features including texture, EC, pH, T.N.V, SAR, cations, anions and OC were measured. Principal component analysis was used to analyze the soil data. It seems that ground level, in relation to tide or to water table, plays a role in determining plant communities, possibly through affecting soil water and salt content. The results showed that in addition to climatic factors the plant association distribution pattern was mainly related to soil characteristics, i.e. EC, pH, SAR, texture and T.N.V. It is very clear that these types are arranged according to the salinity-zones.

Bolhasan forest region with 5725 ha is located in the north east of Dezful city. The region belongs to natural forests of Dezful. Considering valuable species of Amygdalus scopartia mainly covering the area sustainable exploitation and development and restoration is essential. Therefore, knowledge of the habitat requirements of this species and the quantitative and qualitative characterization can be helpful for the proper use of these species. In order to carry out this research, after circulation in the forest and preliminary study Bolhasan habitat region was determined on the 1:25000 map. Then, overlaing maps of slope, elevation and aspect mapping units and 36 units of the land were determined. Quantity and quality of labor per unit including height, canopy, average diameter and number of Amygdalus scoparia measured. Evaluation of situation habitat for studied species was performed by weighing the criteria using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Expert Choice Software. In current research criteria were evaluated using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Geographic Information System (GIS) and finally ecological capability of the land was extracted on the map. In this study, the best range for growth of Amygdalus scoparia species, northern, elevation 800-1100 and slope of 0-15 percent were identified. The results of this study shows that approximately 1988 hectares equivalent to 72.34% of Bolhasan forest is excellent, 1577 ha equivalent to 55.27% is good and 2160 ha equivalent to 73.37% is poor.