JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL & HEALTH SCIENCES
Year:2014 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:8

Damage of the normal tissue is a serious concenrn in cancer treatments. Hyperthermia by laser has been identified considered as one of thea safest safe cancer treatments methods with lower harmful effects on normal tissues. Using Nanoparticles nanoparticles in cancer treatment has improved laser therapy, which is based on a selective cell targeting method to localize cell damages. Metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver, and copper have been recognized to highly interact with laser beam because of surface plasmon resonance phenomena. However, due to toxicity of silver and copper, gold nanoparticle have received great interest in nanomedicine particularly as a protein denaturizing agent applied to the targeted cells. On the other hand, interaction between laser beam and nanoparticles depends on laser properties and particle characteristics. In this study, we have numerically evaluated the effects of different parameters of in the laser beam and particle, in order to facilitate the accurate controlling of the process of laser-induced hyperthermia process.

Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) -induced cerebral injury has been reported as a leading cause of death and long-term disabilities. Hippocampus is an area which is more sensitive to be affected by I/R and hypoxic conditions. Coenzyme Q10 is a strong antioxidant which plays a role in membrane stabilization. This study aims to investigate the possible role of CoQ10 in ameliorating the histomorphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells induced by cerebral I/R.Thirty six adult male wistar rats were divided into six groups, each group consisting of six rats, including control, ischemia, vehicle and CoQ10-treated (10, 50, 100 mg/kg). In treatment groups, rats were orally administered CoQ10 during five days before and three days after I/R. Global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion for about 20 minutes, followed by reperfusion. H& E and Nissl staining were utilized for some qualitative and quantitative studies. Then the histomorphological changes were measured by Image Tools 2 software.The data analysis showed a significant reduction in the number of CA1 pyramidal cells after I/R; whearas, no significant difference was seen in the number of cells in mentioned region between control and 100 mg/kg CoQ10-treated groups.The findings indicate the neurotrophic properties of CoQ10 and support the beneficial effects of CoQ10 as an adjuvant therapy in patients who have risk factor (s) of ischemic stroke.

Todays Nowadays, the prevalence of nosocomial infections is are considered a sas a serious problem in health systems. Use of appropriate antiseptics and disinfectants play an importantmajor role in the controlling of nosocomial infections. In this study, we examined microbial contamination of hospital antiseptics and disinfectants and the effect of dilution on their rate of contamination to gain insight into their rational use in controlling nosocomial infections.Samples from three types of antiseptics and disinfectants, each from 2 different brands, were prepared (A&B). Hand samples were prepared in the form of solution and were sampled for microbial control after removing the cap. Instrument and surface samples were in concentrated form and dilutable, that were tested in four different times. The mentioned samples were assessed by plate count method and membrane filtration. We also assessed the efficacy of the mentioned samples by adding 106 microorganisms per ml to six different genera, including S. aureus, P.aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, C. albicans, A. niger. After passing the golden time the samples were cultured. The bacterial and fungal count tests, the sterility tests and the efficacy tests of mentioned samples showed no contamination.

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the Ecstasy brand, leads to cell death in many tissues such as kidney because of its oxidative stress properties. The present study aimed to investigate the possible effects of vasodilators such as pentoxifylline as a vasodilators on ecstasy induced renal damage caused by ecstasy abuse. This experimental study was carried out in four groups of six male wWistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n=24). The control group was kept under standard laboratory conditions. In Ecstasy group, this substance was injected (as 7.5 mg/kg, q 2 hX3 doses) intraperitoneally (IP) in the treatment group. In pentoxyfyllinePTX (PTX) treated group, 200 mg/kg of pentoxifylline PTX was concurrently administered with the third dose of ecstasy injection and in vehicle group, normal saline was injected. Animals’ The kidneys were evaluated for histomorphological changes by H&E and PAS stainings. Then the degrees of renal damage were measured scored by Image Tools Version 2 software. Although There were no significant differences in diameter and number of glomerular cells between control and pentoxifyl line PTX treated groups was detected. However, a significant difference was seen with between vehicle and Ecstasy groups (P<0.05). Tubulointerstitial injury was seen in Ecstasy and vehicle groups but it had been decreased in pentoxyfyllinePTX treated group. Findings of this study suggest that pentoxifylline PTX can excertexert a positivesignificant effect on improving the ecstasy induced renal tissue injury injuriescaused by ecstasy abuse.

Increased production and use of nanomaterials has led to an ever growing exposure of living organisms to these substances. Limited knowledge about possible toxicity of nanomaterials and their potential to harm living creatures is becoming a serious concern. To address this problem, there is a need for development of diagnostic methods enabling effective determination of potential toxicity of nanomaterials. On the other hand, developing appropriate test methods is contingent on identifying cellular mechanism underlying toxicity of nanomaterials. This study reviews toxicity of some of the most widely used nanomaterials. According to the literature, Iron oxide nanoparticles can augment rate of cell death through oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Exposure to zinc oxide, gold and silver nanoparticles can result in cell death via mitochondrial dysfunction, expression of abnormal protein in cells, and altering the patterns of gene expression, respectively. Likewise, carbon nanotubes can lead to an increased rate of cell death through the reduction of membrane fluidity, thereby destroying cell membrane. Our literature review identified a lower toxic effect for nanotubes as compared with other nano-structures. Regarding the evident high toxicity of nanomaterials, caution must be exercised in irregular production and use of these substances in the industry. In addition, from the health and environmental standpoints, carbon nanotubes are the preferable nano-structures for development of nanotechnologies regarding their lower toxicity in comparison with other nanomaterials.

The peel components of Mandarin, Sour lemon and Sour orange were analyzed. Peel flavor components were extracted using cold-press method and eluted using n-hexane. All compounds were analyzed using GC-FID and GC-MS. Twenty-seven, Twenty-four and Twenty-nine peel components were identified in Mandarin, Sour lemon and Sour orange respectively. They include aldehydes, alcohols, esters, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The major flavor components identified included limonene, b-myrcene, linalool, (E) -b-ocimene, a-Pinene, b-Pinene and sabinene. Among the three species examined, Sour orange showed the highest aldehyde content. Considering that aldehyde content of Citrus oil is an indicator of high quality, it seems that Citrus species have a profound influence on oil quality.

Nano ZnO is currently used in the rubber, electronics, electrical appliances, enamel, cosmetics and medical industry. Whereas most studies have used the ecological toxicity of nanoparticles, the toxic effects of nanoparticles in diet is not extensively explored. Because the algae are at the base of the food chain, any change in their density, biomass and population, would affect the food chain in aquatic ecosystems. Daphnia magna is widely used in environmental pollution control measures, especially in nanoparticle toxicity tests for its short reproduction time and high sensitivity. In this study, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus algae were contaminated with nano ZnO. Five treatment concentrations and three replications at any concentration were compared between test and control groups and the results were analyzed by Probit method. LC50 of Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus algae fed by nano ZnO containing Daphnia magna was obtained at 1.78 and 2.59 mg/l levels after 96 hours respectively. Moreover the NOEC (No Observed Effect concentration) and LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) were calculated as 0.17 and 0.25 mg/l for Scenedesmus dimorphus algae and Chlorella respectively. Our results showed that Daphnia magna is more sensitive to a diet comprising nano ZnO fed Scenedesmus dimorphus algae as compared to Scenedesmus dimorphus environmentally contaminated with nano ZnO.

Apelin is a recently discovered bioactive peptide, known to be an endogenous high-affinity ligand for the previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin/APJ as a novel signaling pathway has been shown to play many crucial roles in cardiovascular function, blood pressure regulation, fluid homeostasis, feeding behavior, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adipoinsular axis regulation, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, neuroprotection and thermoregulation. This ubiquitous peptide opens a new field of research in biology and medicine. In this regard, the aim of this short review is to compile the evidence for the apelin involvement in modulation of cardiovascular system and introduction of this new peptidic pathway as a useful drug target in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in future.