JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Year:2010 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Games, being an entertainment device, have pedagogical and developmental values and, in some cases, child involvement in games is more valuable than reading books. While playing, especially pedagogical games, children come to new mental concepts and acquire better various skills. They get valuable experiences through games. Course materials are acquired eagerly without pressure while playing. For this reason, some instructors and experts in pedagogy believe that any course materials should be accompanied by games and basically it is better to turn formal teaching hours of elementary schools to hours of playing creative and pedagogical games. This study was aimed at examining games effects on scholastic achievement in the language learning course of elementary third-grade students in Tehran from 1385 through 1386.Sampling was based on random clustering method. In the first stage, one area was selected from among different scholastic areas of Tehran in which one class as the control group and another one as the experimental group were assigned in schools. Pedagogical games, chosen with respect to teachers' experiences and examining instructional books, were administered as the independent variable in two boys and girls classes.The pre-test results of experimental and control were analyzed through SPSS 19. From among the research hypothesis, two were verified and one was rejected.Eight games based on the analysis of elementary coursebooks included: 1. story recognition; 2. similar words with different meanings; 3. sentence making; 4. sentence making with similar words; 5. buying and selling; 6. object identification by elaboration; 7. sentence repetition; 8. story telling in limited time span. The following results were obtained: a) There was a significant difference between girls who attended games and those females who did not, in respect to scholastic achievement (language learning); b) There was a significant difference between boys who attended games and those males who did not, in respect to scholastic achievement (language learning); c) There was no significant difference between girls and boys who attended games, in respect to scholastic achievement (language learning).

The present study is aimed at examining the effect of pre-marriage communicative skills instruction on post-marriage matrimonial satisfaction. For this purpose, 40 engaged couples who had newly registered at Karaj marriage registries in the first quarter of 1386 were randomly chosen. They were put in two control and experimental groups.The experimental group members were treated by the independent variable (communicative skills) during 8 sessions. Three months after marriage, the couples in both groups responded to "Enrich Matrimonial Satisfaction Questionnaire". The design of the study was post-test with the control group. T-test was used to analyze the data. The findings indicated the efficiency of communicative skills in matrimonial satisfaction. The research hypothesis of the social relationship of the family with friends was not verified. The hypothesis of sexual relationship was verified with 95 percent confidence. Also, the hypothesis of problem coping was verified with 99 percent confidence.On the whole, the findings indicated the efficiency of communicative skills instruction in increasing matrimonial satisfaction.

Identity involves a series of features that identify a person, a thing, or inner feeling. Human force of each society plays a determining role in the destiny of that country. Since Iran is a country of young, considering Iranian national identity is essential. Fundamental elements consisting Iranian national identity include geography, history, and culture. Iranian youth during different periods have proved that their territorial integrity is of great importance for them, so this aspect of Iranian national identity among Iranian youth is dynamic, highlightened and active. In order to be aware of their national identity, Iranian youth should know about the previous history to be sure why events happened, not feeling confused about them. Therefore, being informed of the past history of country enables youth to recognize their national identity as an Iranian. National Identity is in close relationship with culture, civilization, religion, politics and language and whatever in society which is capable of being emerged grown out of culture. We have some sort of mental and spiritual bond and historical manifestations have made us an Iranian soul. In brief, the constructive elements of national identity are endless. National soul is an awake conscience of a nation that guides his general move in a history.Considering the fact that the high percentage of Iranian are youth, the following approaches are essential to internalize Iranian national identity in youth: Giving useful and sufficient information to them, participation of youth in various political' social, economic, cultural, religious areas, freedom of speech and thought, invoking research activities in youth to discover their hidden identity, national identity and Iranian national identity.

This article seeks to explore the effective factors in making women competent in Lorestan province. To achieve this end, 384 competent women of the province were selected as the statistical sample. In this respect, some principle factors as personal, social-cultural, political official, economical, technological, and competitive factors having influence on women's capabilities were studied.This study was based on applied aims and descriptive data gathering via questionnaire. The results indicated that educational level from among personal factors; dominance on traditional beliefs about women from among social-cultural factors; the role of supportive governmental policies for women from among political-official factors; women's employment from among economical factors; and development of entrepreneurship thought from among technological and competitive factors had the principle important role in making Lorestan province women competent.

This research studied the correlation of internal/external vocational satisfaction with years of job experience, field of study and educational degree among IAU, Abhar branch faculty members. In this research, 50 faculty members of humanities, engineering, architecture, and agriculture were selected based on proportional sampling.This research consisted of 6 hypotheses expressing correlation of internal/external vocational satisfaction with years of job experience, field of study and educational degree. Internal vocational satisfaction was tested via Brifield and Route questionnaires, while the external satisfaction via Smith, Kendal and Howlin questionnaires.In respect to the first and second hypothesis, examining correlation between internal/external vocational satisfaction and years of job experience, Spearman correlation coefficient was used. The results indicated a significant relationship between the two variables.In respect to the third and fourth hypotheses, examining correlation between internal/external vocational satisfaction and field of study (humanities, agriculture, engineering and architecture), Chi-square was used. The results indicated relationship between the two variables.Concerning the fifth and sixth hypothesis, examining correlation between internal/external vocational satisfaction and educational degree (M.A, M.S and PhD), Chi-square was used. The results indicated no relationship between the two mentioned variables.

Language is a skilled activity. In the development and acquisition of the skill, imitation may play different roles. Imitation in language may be related to and throw light on the role and functioning of imitation in other areas including imitation in robotics. What part does imitation play in the child’s acquisition of its mother language? What role did imitation play in the evolutionary origin and diversification of language? How much has imitation to do with the sources of the words we use and the ways those words are put together? These questions can be considered at different levels, the surface forms of language and speech, the underlying systematicies of language and speech, the problem of speech at the articulatory level and beyond or beneath that the problem of the functioning of imitation at the neural level. Imitation of any kind involves a relation between motor and perceptual functioning, between the motor system of the brain and the visual and other sensory systems.Language and speech also require interaction and coordination between motor activity and perceptual activity. The role and functioning of imitation in language and speech are subjects of study in many different disciplines, not only linguistics proper but also child development, neurology, evolutionary theory, social psychology. A central idea in this paper is a new emphasis on the bodily basis of language in relation to imitated speech and gesture, and more specifically on cerebral motor organization as providing a possible new approach to the problem.

Family is the most important factor in shaping personality and behavioral characteristics as well as changes during adolescence. Adolescence is a stage of life cycle in an individual in which the adolescent experiences pervasive physical, cognitive, ethical, and behavioral changes. One of the fundamental components for transition from this stage and acquisition of appropriate characteristics generated due to these changes is the family.Understanding and recognition of the family about these changes is the foundation of adaptation and shaping of matured identity in adolescents.The aim of this paper is to review adolescence changes, parentadolescent interaction in this stage, the way of family reaction to these changes; and finally, the generated outcomes.

This article, first, deals with culture and national identity; then universities situation and their missions in the world, the definition of competency, and higher education administers' competencies in the three domains of academic, national, global, and cultural will be discussed. To identify administers' competencies with respect to international indexes and an appropriate conceptual framework, a descriptive research was done in Tehran Province. The instrument was a research-made questionnaire consisting 100 likert-type items in two spectrums to identify the present and desired situation of competencies.The content and face validity of the instrument were verified by higher education experts and its internal consistency reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was estimated to be 90%. The sample was 361 people chosen by Krejecie-Morgan table method. The questionnaire was administered in 8 public and Islamic Azad Universities of Tehran province. The data gathered were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics.Finally, in order to prove the conceptual fitness framework the fitting test (x2) was used; in this process 97 competencies were accepted by specialists.In this paper more attention is given to cultural competencies of higher education administrators which are less discussed. The general outcomes of the research showed that higher education administrators on these 3 cultural concepts are not appropriately completed. Professionals believed that designed competencies are necessary for training higher education administrators and their professional developments. Consequently, there should be situation created which leads and all academic managers must be found strength enough in these three areas.