Nursing And Midwifery Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:14 | Issue:6 (83)|Papers Count:13

Background & Aim: The unprecedented reduction in fertility is one of the population problems of countries, including Iran. This study aimed to assess factors affecting fertility preferences in women of five Iranian ethnic groups.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2114 women fertility age from 5 ethinc groups of Arabs, Kurds, Sistani & Baluchi, Turk and Turkmen in winter 2015. Data collection tool was a questionnaire containing demographic and dependent variables related to fertility preferences; its reliability and validity were confirmed. The data gathered and analyzed in software SPSS 18.Results: The mean age of samples was 37.6±4.3 years, and most women(44.9%) had primary education. Almost 60% of women with reproductive capability had no desire for the next child. The main reasons expressed reluctance to childbearing included: 28.5% aging, 24.4% economic problems and 19.0% strong opposition from her husbands. Of 384 (16.5%) women who were willing to future pregnancies, 41.4% expressed their main reason as to have a boy and 20.1% tend to have a girl. The average of proper number of children was different, ranged from 2.2±1.3 children in Kurdish group, to 3.6±1.5 children in the Arab group. There was a significant difference between fertility preferences and different ethnic groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that fertility preferences is different in various ethnic groups and the important reasons for the reluctance to childbearing included increasing age in women, economic problems and strong opposition from her husbands.

Background & Aims: Every year a large number of health care workers deal with threats that are harmful for their health. Medical science students in comparison with personnel are commonly exposed to blood and body fluids. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the risk factors of needle stick and contact with secretions from patients among the Students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.Material & Methods: This cross-sectional study implemented on 550 students of Urmia University of Medical Sciences in 2015. A data collection tool is a questionnaire in two parts. The first part gathered demographic information with seven questions, and the second part consisted 26 questions in three sections: general information related to needle stick, questions related to patient contact with sharp objects, and contact with the patient's secretions. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS-18 by applying descriptive statistics and chi-square.Result: The results showed that participants aged between 19 and 34 years. The mean age of participants was 22.19±1.76,189 (36.6%) of students had experienced at least one needle stick during the training period, 67 (36.8%) of the students determined lack of caution as greatest reason, and 68(40%) students stated that overcrowding of hospital wards as environmental factors, can lead to needle stick. Creating of intravenous line procedure leading to the confrontation was the most frequent factor 48 (25.4%). Chi-square tests showed a significant relationship between the incidences of sharps injuries with gender (P<0.02).Conclusion: High levels of exposure with sharp objects and patients secretions necessitate the need for training programs about the safety of students.

Background & Aims: A wide range of psychosocial variables may influence pregnant women's psychological status. However the association between marital and social support, anxiety and worries during pregnancy is a relatively neglected area of research. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between marital support, social support, antenatal anxiety and pregnancy worries after controlling for the effects of background variables.Material & Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 214 pregnant women attending in Health Centers for prenatal care in the city of Urmia, Iran were selected using convenience sampling, then they were evaluated using Spielberger state- Trait Anxiety Inventor (STAI). Pregnancy worries were measured with the Cambridge Worry Scale, social support with the Social Support Questionnaire-6 and marital satisfaction with the marital quality scale. Data were analyzed using liner regression and ordinal logistic regression.Results: The average age of participating in the study was 27.62±5.47. 86.4% of women had low concern, and 13.6% had high concern.7% of women had lower-middle anxiety, 22.9% moderate to high anxiety, and 4.44% moderately severe anxiety, and 25.7% had severe anxiety. Low marital satisfaction was significantly related to pregnancy worries (P=0.01).In addition, age (Pvalue=0.07, OR=0.94, CI=0.88-1.00), gestational age (Pvalue=0.35, OR=2.63, CI=0.33 –20.83), abortion (Pvalue=0.71, OR=1.17, CI= 0.50 –2.73), education (Pvalue=0.08 , CI=2.60, OR=0.87–7.76) and marital satisfaction(Pvalue=0/05, (OR=0.98 CI= 0.96–1/00) were significantly related to anxiety. Primiparus in comparison with nulliparus women were significantly related to lower anxiety. And low marital satisfaction was significantly related to anxiety and high social support (SSQ-Network) (Pvalue=0.02, OR=1.66 CI= 1.08 – 2.56) and SSQ-Satisfaction (Pvalue=0.003, OR=1.63, CI= 1.18- 2.26) were significantly related to low anxiety.Conclusion: The risk factors found in this study could help clinician’s target anxiety screening to high-risk populations of pregnant women. Health care professionals and midwives in particular should be trained in the detection and management of anxiety and worries during pregnancy .Planning preventive and supportive programs for pregnant women is necessary.

Background & Aims: Fatigue can affect the comfort and self-care behaviors of patients. Use of complementary therapies including back massage and music can be effective in improving it. Accordingly, the researcher aimed to compare the effect of back massage and music on fatigue in patients with chronic heart failure.Material & Methods: This quasi-experimental study with pre-test post-test design with comparison group was conducted in Doctor Shariati Hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In this study, in each group (Control, Back Massage and Music), 30 hospitalized patients with chronic heart failure were recruited through convenience sampling. Then patients were allocated in groups by simple randomization. Data was collected by fatigue scale. Back massage was conducted daily for 20 minutes after the meeting for three consecutive days by using almond oil. In music group, patient’s preferred music including one of the three types of classical, gentle and Iranian traditional music was played for 20 minutes after meeting for 3 consecutive days by a tape recorder and headphone. Before and 15 minutes after intervention, the patient's fatigue was measured and compared. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA, Paired t test, Fisher’s exact test through SPSS v.21 software.Results: The results showed that in patients' preferring music and back massage, the fatigue was significantly reduced fatigue. Back massage reduced fatigue of patients with chronic heart failure more than music (p<0.001). In comparing before and after intervention, mean (SD) score of fatigue in music group reduced from 66.26 (10.60) to 49.56 (11.50), and in the back massage group, it was decreased from 68.26 (14.10) to 42.03 (13.50).Conclusion: Both music and back massage have an impact on reducing fatigue; however, back massage was more effective than music on decreasing fatigue. It is recommended that based on patients’ and heath care providers’ preference, each of these complementary methods can be used, however back massage is preferred to the music.

Background & Aims: Operation as a stressor can cause physical and psychological reactions. Given the key role of operating room service provider personnel in patient’s mental health promotion, this study aimed to determine performing mental hygiene principles before, during and after the surgery.Material & Methods: This descriptive study was done through simple sampling, and it included 86 nurses of selected hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2013. The research instrument was a three-part checklist of mental hygiene (before surgery, during surgery and after the surgery) respectively. The data were analyzed through inferential and statistical analysis with SPSS 16 software.Results: According to the study, the mean score of mental hygiene principle was determined before operation as (13.87±1.3), intra operation as (9.8±2.06), postoperative as (13.6±1.9), and total score of three stages as (37.3±3.5) (before, during and after the surgery), respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient showed reverse significant correlation between age and experience and mental hygiene principles before and after the surgeryConclusion: According to the results, even though the function of operating room personnel about the principles of mental health was poor in some cases, but in general it is reported to be well. Also, personnel with fewer age and experience had better function in performing mental hygiene principles.

Background & Aims: Hypertension is a lifestyle-based control. In between education methods, group discussion can be considered as an efficient and effective method for health education. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the impact of family-oriented life-style based group discussion on controlling hypertension of patients which referred to Urmia Seyyed al-Shohada super specialist Cardiology University hospital.Material & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 50 hypertensive patients in an age range of 30-60 years were selected in conscious sampling, and randomly divided in two groups of 25 members repeatedly. The intervention group was divided into two subgroups of 12 and 13 members in order to take better advantage from intervention. Blood pressure of both control and intervention groups was measured and recorded prior to the beginning of intervention. In the experimental group, members participated in four sessions, each lasting for 1 hour, per week for four consecutive weeks. After two months of intervention, blood pressure of each patient was measured four times and the mean was recorded as the patient’s blood pressure after intervention. SPSS software, version 20, was used for analysis of the collected data.Results: The results of the independent t-test showed no statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of systolic blood pressure (p=0.112) before intervention; but, there was statistically significant difference between control and intervention groups in terms of systolic blood pressure after intervention (p=0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between control and intervention groups in terms of mean numbers of systolic blood pressure before intervention (p=0.115), but after the intervention, there were significant differences (p=0.0001).Conclusion: Family-oriented lifestyle-based group discussion can decrease the systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension; therefore, using this method is recommended to reduce blood pressure in patients with hypertension.

Background & Aims: depression and happiness reduction occur in the dialysis patients because, their lifestyle changes followed by disease and treatment. These patients quit the treatment process because of severe renal disorder and death. Therefore, Hope for the future can be an acceptable incentive for these patients. The aim of the present study is to determine the effect of group hope therapy on the happiness in hemodialysis patients.Material & Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 46 dialysis patients from 2 educational hospitals in Yazd city participated in the study. After random sampling, the hope therapy program was performed for the intervention group in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Patients in the control group received routine care. The data collection tool was the Oxford happiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed by chi-squire test, and t-test in SPSS software.Results: About three-quarters of patients were married, and their education level was below high school. At the beginning of the study, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (p>0.05) in happiness. Happiness score after hope therapy in the intervention group increased from 55.05±12.72 to 66.28±9.24 (p<0.05). After the intervention, happiness score was not significant in the positive mood domain.Conclusion: Hope therapy increase happiness in hemolyalisis patients in all fields except positive mode. Therefore, these findings can be used in order to have better care planning. Creation of positive mood in these patients requires a long-term intervention. Further studies of larger sample size are recommended to confirm these findings.

Background & Aims: It is necessary to have dementia screening tools in high diagnostic accuracy level. This study was designed to compare the sensitivity and specificity between two tools of P-CDR and P-COST in the screening of dementia in elderly peopleMaterial & Methods: This cross-sectional study, via diagnostic tests accuracy survey, was conducted by using the known-groups method. 200 people as a sample size calculated in this study. The convenience sampling method was used in Kashan, Iran, 2014. The clinical interview and the findings of the CT-Scan were used, as the reference standard test. The index tests were the P-CDR and P-COST. A demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the P-CDR and P-COST were used for data collection and data were analyzed by using the SPSS, version 16.0. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each index tests, separately. McNemar test was used to compare sensitivities and specificities between two index tests.Results: The sensitivity and specificity for P-CDR was 100% and 94%, respectively, and these parameters were reported for P-COST.94% and 86%, respectively as well. McNemar's test showed no significant differences between sensitivities; but there were significant differences between specificities (p=0.001).Conclusion: The tools of P-CDR and P-COST had high and equal sensitivity in the elderly cognitive state assessment. The Researchers and specialists can use one of these tools in dementia screening. The suitable tool should be selected based on the target group characteristics, assessment objective, and situational factors.

Background & Aims: In health centers, regularly, the clinical data of patients were transmitted between health care providers, such as nurses when changing their shifts. Effective hand over that effect the program of patient care and patient safety depends on accurate patient identification, and aspects of his care through effective communication between the staff and the patients. This study was performed with the aim of determining the effect of using the SBAR model at the time of hand over on communication dimension from quality of nursing care by the patient's view at the Gholipour Hospital in Bukan in 1393.Material & Methods: The objective of the study was determining the effect of using the SBAR model at the time of hand over on communication dimension from quality of nursing care by the patient's view at the Gholipour Hospital in Bukan, in 1393.In this quasi-experimental study, 400 patients over 18 years who were discharged from medical and surgical wards were selected. The inclusion criteria were being able to read and write, and not being complete blind or deaf, and not having any case of death of relatives in the past few months, and not being hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital, and not using any psychiatric drugs. In the period January to March 1393, a standard questionnaire on the quality of nursing care before and after training SBAR model to nurses was completed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and independent t-test.Results: The optimal situation, and the ideal situation for the quality of nursing care in the communication dimension in control group was 30.04 and 32.4, and it was 22.09 and 62.27 in the study group, which shows a significant correlation between the two groups (P<0.001). The average score of communication dimension in the control group was 19 with standard deviation of 9 after the intervention. In the study group, it was 26 with standard deviation of 9. The independent t-test for the two groups showed a significant difference in the two groups after the intervention (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results showed that the transferring of the information in the format of a standard shift handoff guideline like that of the SBAR model, has been effective on patients view about the quality of nursing care in the communication dimension.

Background & Aims: Fatigue is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis, and can limit a person's daily activities. It is possible to have Health achievement in chronic disease by establishing compatibility on various dimension of the patient's existence. One of the most effective and practical templates in nursing, which is more significant in this topic, is Roy Adaptation model. Therefore this study performed with the purpose of studying the effect of performance care plan, based on the Roy Adaptation Model on intensity, and effects of fatigue on multiple sclerosis patients of MS Association of Urmia in 2015.Materials & Methods: In this study, 80 patients with multiple sclerosis of inclusion criteria, selected randomly and divided into two groups of 40 subjects as intervention and control group respectedly. The data collected tool in this study was fatigue severity’s standard questionnaire, which was completed in both groups before and after the intervention. The intervention was consisted of 6 sessions, 2 general education sessions and 4 care programs, based on maladaptive behavior sessions. After two months, a post-test was performed to find the results. For descriptive statistics Spss software was used in order to find the characteristics of the study population, and for non-parametric quantitative data, Mann-Whitney was used. A t-test was used for parametric quantitative data.Results: The results of this study showed that before of intervention, there was no significant differences in the mean number fatigue severity between the two groups. Mean number of fatigue severity decreased after the care programs, based on the Roy adaptation model, in the intervention group, than the control group, and this reduction was statistically significant. (P<0.001).Conclusion: Implementation of the Roy Adaptation Model reduces fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses can use from this low cost model in order to reduce fatigue and complications.