JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2010 | Volume:4 | Issue:4 (11)|Papers Count:14

Nosocomial infections caused by Acinetobacter bumanii has emerged as a major problem in many hospitals and ICU settings due to its inherent resistance to most of antibiotics. The production of plasmid-mediated ESBLs is one of the most common mechanisms for resistance to Beta-lactam antibiotics among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter bumanii. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of INT 1 and ESBL type VEB-1 and PER-2 genes among Acinetobacter bumanii strains isolated from Imam Reza Hospital of Tabriz.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 Acinetobacter bumanii strains isolated from different clinical specimens were identified by standard microbiological methods. Production of ESBL was determined by testing resistance of the isolates against ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and verified by Double Disk Synergy Test. For genotypic detection of ESBL type, the DNA isolated from the isolates was entered in a PCR reaction with primers specific for INT 1, VEB-1 and PER-2 genes.Results: Among 100 A. bumanii isolates that screened, 60 isolates were ESBL positive. Genotypic screening revealed that 10 % of isolates were positive for VEB1. None of the isolates were positive for PER2 type genes. The INT 1 gene was detected in 63.3 % isolates. The results demonstrated the spread of PER-1 and VEB-1 ESBL genotype among A. bumanii isolates that reminded the necessity of special attention to proper use of extended spectrum betalactams.

The aim of this study was to asses adhesion ability of lactobacilli isolated from traditional fermented dairy products to epithelial cells of human GI tract, and in comparison to trade well adhere strain La-5. In previous study probiotic potential of these strains like resistance to acidic pH and bile salt had been proved. In this study adhesion ability of these strains were asses by culture and gram staining. A1a1, Y2l6 in gram staining method and Y2l6, C6l2, A1a1 and C6c4 in culture method show very well adhesion like La-5. These results demonstrate that culture method is more confidence than gram staining method. In conclusion it seems that Y2l6, C6l2, A1a1 and C6c4 have GIT colonization ability. Of course these strains require further invitroand invivo investigations to introduce as Iranian native probiotic bacteria who can compete in functional properties by trade strains.

In this research 31 samples of macaroni and vermishel were obtained from different towns and delivered to research laboratory of the University. The production dates of all samples used were inspected to be less than six month before the date of experiments. There were 7 imported or foreign products among the samples and the other 24 were internally produced. The overall count of micro organisms for each sample was performed, using the APC method. The average SPC in samples under inspection was 4820616 CFU/g. 4 samples (12.9 %) contained CFU/g>1000. 10 samples (32.2 %) contained 1 to 10 million CFU/g. 4 samples (12.9 %) contained 10 to 100 million CFU/ g. For each gram of macaroni among the samples under the test, the count for minimum colonies was found to be 80 CFU/g and the count for maximum was 51, 000, 000 CFU/ g. The existence of common pathogen bacteria was investigated in this food product.The results for 31 samples under inspection indicated that: 21 samples (67.7%) were polluted with bacillus serous, 4 samples (12.9%) were polluted with staphylococcus aureus, 16 samples (51%) polluted with yeast, 2 samples (6%) polluted with coliform, Both E.coli, and none of the samples were polluted clostridium perfringens.Extra pollution with micro organisms were found within the internally produced samples of macaroni.

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a C4, drought resistant plant and it is an important crop in Iran. In this plant, larger vegetative parts, flowers and fruit is produced in comparison to their diploid ancestral by polyploidy induction. With this aim; this investigation was set out to determine the most suitable treatment for inducing polyploidy in sweet sorghum using colchicines. The colchicine application for three cultivars (Keller, IS4546 and RIO) are used, namely to seed, seedlings and shoot meristem of seedlings.In these methods colchicine concentration was 0-0.1 % for 6, 48 or 72 hours treatment.The percent of mortality for three cultivars of sorghum in all treatments were very high.Pollen mother cells from induced plants were used for tetraploidy study by colchicines.The normal chromosome number in control treatments (colchicine concentration was 0) of three cultivars was 2n=2x=20 but after colchicines induction, in pollen mother cells (pmc΄s) of these cultivars tetraploidy (2n=4x=40) reached to 18.25%. In cytology studies; addition of polyploidy; cytomixis, chromosomelagging and anioploidy were observed too by colchicine induction. The lagging phenomenon for IS4546 and RIO cultivars was 15 and 28%. Cytomixis in 3 cultivars; Keller, RIO and IS4546 were sequence 2, 5 and 7 percent.

There are many evidences that degeneration process after spinal cord injury danbe a good reason for nervous system (peripheral and/or central) problems. In this research the effects of cell administration on Alpha motoneurons regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in Rat was investigated. Twenty four male wistar rats divided to 3 groups (control, (SCI), (SCI) + stem cell administration n=8). After 4 weeks the lumber segments of spinal cord were sample, processed, sectioned serially and stained with toluidine blue (PH=4.65). By using sterological quantitative technique (physical dissector), the number of alpha motoneurons in the right ventral horns of spinal cord were counted and compared with each other. Statistical analyses showed that the treatment with stem cell significantly (P<0.05) reduced neuronal damage and after week and improve the regeneration. The numerical density in this group is near to control group. It was consulted that cell administration could reduce the degeneration rate of Alpha motoneurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in Rat.

In order to reduce food detritions and increase its shelf life, some protecting chemicals such as drinks, chips, sweets, jams, should be added to packed food products.The allowed level of food preservatives are given by an International comission, Food and Drug Association (FDA). Increasing the allowed concentrations, may induce many health problems. In a previous research, we detected two important food additives, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate, with concentration higher than recommended amounts. The food products had been obtained and purchased from local markets located in Rasht. We were, encouraged to design a research project based on the possible adverse effects of increasing amount of food preservatives on salivary enzymes. The presence and quantity of two food preservatives were first detected by HPLC. The concentration ranges obtained in this way were used for enzyme inhibition studies.The results showed that both sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate were mixed type inhibitors on salivary enzymes. The potency of inhibitors varied depending on the enzyme type and preservative concentration. Based on the results o, it is obvious that increased concentrations of food preservatives may cause severe health effect on oral cavity and induce the possibility of some internal diseases.

Now a days, the contamination by heavy metals has become one of the most important environmental problems. Among heavy metal ions, lead can be very harmful to human health and ecosystem. It has been known that lead can be accumulated inside microorganisms very easily. In other words, lead enters human body through food, water and and then it is accumulated inside the bones instead of calcium, causing hemoglobinolysis to happen. Biological absorption is a suitable method of removing accumulated lead from environment. The yeast, saccharomyces is a suitable microorganism to remove it. 4 strain of Saccharomyces were isolated from industrial waste water saples. In order to study the amount of absorption qualitatively and the best strain in terms of metallic absorptivity was selected. After that, some effective factors in relation to biological absorption such as the initial concentration of metal, pH and et, al., were considered. The maximum amount of absorption was determined in the following conditions duration of contact time, 2 hours, initial concentration, 500 ppm, pH; 4.5, 65.1 mg g-1 dw. Also, Entrapment method was used to immobilize the yeast cells and then the results showed that The adsorption rate of Pb (II) by the immobilized cells was higher compared to their counterparts, free cells.

Studies show that useage of electromagnetic field at the low frequency can be effect on brain physiological process. The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of EMFs on learning and spatial memory. 30 male Mice were completely divided into 3 groups (2 experimental and on control). The Expermininting group 1, was exposed EMFs (10Hzferqency, 2 mT intensity) for 20 minute. For similar group that were exposed EMFs (30Hz frequency, 2μT intensity) for 20minute.for similar conditions control group were situated into set of EMFs for 20 minuteat. The result showed that exposed to EMFs (10, 30 Hz frequency, 2 mT intensity) are significantly better in practice relation to spatial memory in comparison with control group.

Sex -dependent changes of behavioral responses of humans and animals have been widely investigated. There are also controversial reports regarding the role of sex hormones in pain and analgesic effects of morphine. In the present study morphine tolerance and its analgesic effects in male and female mice was investigated. Twenty mice were divided into male and female groups. Hot plate test was carried out as a base record, then the animals received 10 mg/kg (S.C.) morphine and antinociceptive effect was evaluated every 15 min. Morphine tolerance was induced by injection of 30 mg/kg morphine, 3 times a day, during 3 consecutive days. Finally, the analgesic effect of morphine was evaluated after injection of morphine (10 mg/kg).Before morphine tolerance, the reaction times after injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) was longer than base time in both female and male groups while after tolerance induction, there was no difference between base time and reaction times. All reaction times after injection of morphine in male group were more than female group. There was no significant difference in reaction times in both male and female tolerated animals after injection of 10 mg/kg of morphine.

The effects of different concentrations of CuSO4 on certain physiological parameters of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in hydroponic solution were studied.4 days old seedlings were transferred to pots containing Hoaglant solution in a growth chamber with 16 h light period per 24 h and day/night temperatures of 25/18oC. 10 days old plants were treated with CuSO4 at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 100 mM. Plants were grown under controlled conditions and harvested after 25 days for measurements malondialdehyde (MDA), proline and carbohydrates contents. The results showed that the increase of CuSO4, decreased relative water contents (RWC) .Also malondialdehyde, proline and leaf carbohydrates, in high concentrations of CuSO4 increased.

Memory has many especial tract for various kind of input information. In Cannabis sativa was found more than sixty one substance that cannabinoid was named. The aim of this study is the evaluation of leaves aquatic and alkolic extract of Cannabis sativa effect on neuronal density of subiculum in male ratsFourty male Wistar Rats weight (300-350 g) were completely divided into four experimental groups and control group. Cannabis sativa was extracted with Soxhlet apparatus. Aquatic and alkolic extract was injected peritonealy (I.P.) in experimental groups with dosage (50 mg kg-1, 25 mg kg-1) for three week.After one month, Animal was decapitated and their brain dissected, fixed in 10% formalin, sectioned in 7  mm thickness and stained by H.E. By applying stereological techniques and systematic random sampling scheme the neuronal density of cubiculum were estimated. Statistical analyses showed significant indecrease (p<0/001) in the subiculum neuronal density in experimental groups ((dosage 25, 50 mg/kg Aquatic extract) in compare to control groups and showed significant increase (p<0/001) in the subiculum of Hippocampus neuronal density in experimental group in (dosage 25 mg/kg Alkolic) compare to control groups.Aquatic extraction of Cannabis sativa leaves that effectively block the release of k and induced neuronal degeneration in subiculum in way that reduced the neuronal density of subiculum. While, alkolic extract of this material induces a nurogenese.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil seed, food and feed crop in all around the world. Salinity is one of the important stresses which affects all stages of groundnut growth and finally the yield. The cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), originated in South America and is now growing in the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world and Iran. In the test 1,The salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth was evaluated for peanut seeds at 0, 1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2 and 22.4 g/l NaCl. The Salinity stress delayed germination in all treatments. The length of radicles plus hypocotyls decreased with increasing salinity and seedling growth reduced. The results confirm that total proteins and lipids; and peroxidase activity aren’t affected by increasing salinity but poly phenoloxidase activity are reduced. The data of test 2, showed indole acetic acid pretreatment (passage) increased peanut salt tolerance and age.