JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2017 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 (38) |Papers Count:10

Inroduction & Objective This studyaimed to investigate the effects of heavy metals such as iron and zinc on the gills of fish Rutiluskutum. Inthis regard Materials and Methods: 120kutum were prepared with laboratory conditions testing in 30 days at concentrations of FeCl2 19. 5 mg/L and ZnCl2 3. 9 mg/L. Tissue samples were caught at three periods of 7، 15 and 30 days. Results The results indicate that with the progresses of exposure time for iron، damage to gill tissue were more severed such as hypere mia and hemorrhage، fractures and connectivity of secondary lamella and secondary lamella shortening، bladegill، lamella of swollen multi-cellular. So in 30 days، the maximum deta chmentw as seen in primary and secondary lamella. Conclusion: The amount of gill tissue damage of various concentrations metals were as follows: Fe>Zn respectively and in zinc treatment was increased.

Inroduction & Objective: Colorectal cancer is third cancer incident in all of the world and Iran which is enhancing, unfortunately. Physical activity is one of the best effective interventions. The aim of this research was to investigate of concurrent training programme on aerobic capacity and lower body power of colorectal cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: 20 colorectal cancer patients with average age 55. 5± 20 and average weight 70. 9± 9. 35 participated at this survey. They randomly divided in two groups. Experimental group(EG) performed 14 week’ s concurrent training programme which involved 3 days endurance training and 2days resistance training per week. Control group(CG) didn’ t any training programme at this time. Lower body strength measured by 1RM and Aerobic capacity measured by VO2Max. To analyse the data T-test and Covariance were used. Results: On the base of results, significantly differences observed between EG and CG in VO2Max and lower body power variables (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The concurrent training programme probably is effective intervention for prevention of return of cancer which is able to improve physical capacities in colorectal cancer survivors.

Inroduction & Objective: High intensity exercise and eccentric contraction due to micro injury and this injures have negative effect on athletics performance. This study aimed at investigation of BCAAs consumption effects on wrestlers` depth jumping performance in plyometric training. Methods and material: 22 volunteer male wrestlers (age 21.54±3.52, weight 66.18±3.76, height 168.36±2.41, and BMI 23.34±1.97) were selected, using purposeful sampling, and randomly divided into two groups of Placebo and Amino acid. During the training period, both groups had breakfast at 7:00 a.m and two hours later, performed depth jumping in 6 consecutive sets until fatigue, with 5 minutes of resting between each sets and received their supplementation in a blindfold manner before and after depth jumping exercise. Group one consumed 45 mg/kgBW of each Amino acid (Valine, leucine and Isoleucine) in the form of 4ml/kgBW solution per each kg of body weight. The Placebo group also used a solution with the same volume. Paird and independent t-test was used to investigate the change rate in performance and the significance level of inter and intra group was considered to be (P≤0.05). Results: The results showed that the performance of group Amino acid was significantly higher than the Placebo group (P≤0.05). In intra-group comparison, the performance of both groups had significant increase after three months of plyometric training (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, since the exercise type, duration and intensity for both groups were the same, most probably the consumption of BCAAs supplementation had positive effects on jumping performances during plyometric training.

Inroduction & Objective: Opioidergic system has crucial role on central regulation of food intake in mammals and birds. This study was designed to investigate role of opioidergic system on opioid-induced feeding behavior in 3-h food-deprived (FD3) neonatal layer-type chicks. Material and Methods: 144 chickens allocated into3 experiments, each with four treatment groups. In Experiment 1, birds were ICV injected with D-Ala2– NMe-Phe4-Glyol5-enkephalin (DAMGO, μ-opioid receptor agonist) (125, 250 and 500pmol). In Experiment 2, chickens were ICV treated with D-Pen2, 5Enkephalin, DPen2, D-Pen5Enkephalin (DPDPE, δ-opioid receptor agonist) (20, 40 and 80pmol). In Experiment 3, the effect of ICV injection of U-50488H-, κ opioid receptor agonist (10, 20 and 30nmol) was investigated in chicks. Cumulative food intake recorded until 3-h post injection. Results: According to the results, ICV injection of μ-opioid receptor agonist significantly diminished food intake (P≤ 0. 05). Also, injection of δ and κ-opioid receptors agonist significantly increased food intake (P≤ 0. 05). ICV injection of DAMGO significantly decreased food intake whereas DPDPE and U-50488H increased food intake (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: These results suggest that central opioidergic system has important role on feeding behavior.

Inroduction & Objective: Propolis is a substance with pharmacological properties for treatment of various human and animal disesases. Propolis has antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activitise that strengthens the immune system of different animal species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of propolis extract on growth performance, blood parameters and antioxidant status of Holstein suckling calves. Material and Methods: For this study, 24 Holstein calves with 1 ± 10 day avarage age and 38 ± 2 kg avarage weight in a completely randomized design for 70 days were wased. The experimental treatments were: 1) control diet without propolis extract supplements, 2) control diet + 500 ppm propolis extract per head per day, 3) control diet + 1000 ppm propolis extract per head per day. Calves were weighed every two weeks and blood sampeles were taken on d 30 and d 60 of the experiment and analyses for blood metabolites and antioxidant activity. Results: The results showed that use of different levels of propolis extract had no significant effect on feed intake during the first and second months and total trial period. supplemental propolis extract did not show significant effect on final weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio during the first and second months, whereas adding 500 ppm of propolis in extract improved significantly the daily weight gain of calves in total trial period. no significant differences were observed between concentrations of blood metabolites (glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, urea and globulin). The results showed that adding propolis extract had no significant effects pn activites blood of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine amino transferase and glutathione peroxidase blood. whereas supplementing milk with propolis extract affected significantly blood antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity. Conclusion: In general it can be concluded that the use of propolis extract had no effect on performance and blood metabolites except for superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, propolis extract supplementation in suckling calf milk can effectively help to cope with the stress.

Inroduction & Objective: Pomegranate juice contains a variety of chemical compounds that have properties such as anti-obesity, diabetes, anti-cancer, anti-hepatotoxicity, lowering blood sugar and cholesterol, and therefore this study was performed aimed to investigate effects of pomegranate juice on the plasma concentration of hormones in the pituitary-thyroid axis in adult male rats. Material and Methods: 50 male rats who weighs 210 to 200 grams were divided into 8 pieces included a control group(no treatment), control group (treated with distilled water) and experimental group receiving Pomegranate juice 3, 6 and 9 ml daily. All prescriptions were performed by gavage for 10 days. At the end of the period after weighing animals and phlebotomizing, and so plasma producing, plasma levels of hormones TSH, T4, T3 was measured by ELISA method and the results were analyzed by ANOVA and T tests. The significant difference in the data P ≤ 0. 05 was considered. Results: The results of the study showed that pomegranate juice has no the significant effects on body weight, but the group receiving dose of 3 mL with TSH concentrations has a significant increase, but in the dose of 9 ml with concentration t3 and t4 in all groups has a significant decrease at the P ≤ 0. 05. Conclusion: The results showed that pomegranate juice had no effects on the rats’ weight but in the form of dose-dependent was caused to increase the plasma levels of the hormone TSH and to decrease t3 and t4 hormones.

Inroduction & Objective: Despite increasing application of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in industry and consumer products، there is still little known about their potential toxicity، particularly to organisms in aquatic environments. Regarding fast development of the nanotechnology and its diverse applications، is very important having enough data on the probably its side effects on the aquatic body organs. Therefore، in this study the median lethal concentration “ LC50” and the effects of nanosilver administration on the liver's biochemistry in cyprinus carpio. Material and Method For this purpose 84 fish were exposed to concentrations of(0. 1، 0. 5، 1، 2. 5، 5، 10 ppm) for 96 hours and their mortality were recorded. By using probit analyses the LC50 was obtained 0. 23 ppm. In next stage 84 fish in four treatment with three repeat in each treatment were exposed to (1/2 LC50، 1/5 LC50، 1/10 LC50) and contral treatment for 14 days. After 14 days 2 fish in each repeats was selected in random and were passed out with clove powder. Their livers were extracted. Then، Changes in AST، ALP، ALT levels were counted. Results: Results showed in AST، ALP، ALT levels a significant increase in the nanosilver treated fish (P<0. 05) when compared to contorol.

Inroduction & Objective: Gastric cancer is second leading cause of cancer related death in the world. Use of anticancer herbal drugs because of having fewer side effects is of importance. green tea is one of herbal medicines which contain anticancer effect. The aim of this study has been to investigating changes in gene expression of HER-2 in green tea treated human AGS adenocarcinoma cells lines. Material and Methods: AGS cells were treated with the aqueous extract of green tea in different concentrations including 800، 1200 and 2000 μ g/ml. After 48 hrs and 72hrs treatment، RNA extraction has been done. Following cDNA synthesis، the rate of expression of HER-2 gene was evaluated using Real time PCR. Results: The over expression of HER-2 gene has been shown in 800 μ g/ml of green tea extract. In dose of 1200 μ g/ml and 2000 μ g/ml of green tea extract significant reduction in HER-2 gene have been shown and the most reduction has been observed in 72 hours treatment and the concentration of 2000 μ g/ml green tea extract. Conclusion: Green tea extract in high concentrations، is the reason of decreasing the rate of HER2 gene expression and this factor can prevent the development and progression of gastric cancer cells.