JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2015 | Volume:8 | Issue:2 (29)|Papers Count:9

Inroduction & Objective: Recent studies suggest that Normobaric Hyperoxia (HO) decreases hypoxiareoxygenation injury, increases expression of Na+/Ca2+Exchanger1 (NCX1) in brain. We wanted to determine the relationship between HO effects on NCX1 and infarct volume (IV) in rat stroke model.Materials and Methods: Rats were divided into two experimental groups. The first group was exposed to 95% inspired HO for 4 hours/day for 6 consecutive days (HO). The second group acted as control and was exposed to 21% oxygen in the same chamber. Each main group was sub-divided to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO-operated) and intact (without any surgery) sub-groups. After 2, 5, 10 and 15 days from pre-treatment, MCAO-operated sub-groups were subjected to60 minutes of right MCAO. After 24 hours reperfusion, infarct volume was measured in MCAO-operated sub-groups. The NCX1 expression levels of core, penumbra and sub-cortex regions were assessed in sham-operated and intact sub-groups.Results: Pre-conditioning with HO decreased infarct volume, and increased expression of NCX1 in penumbra and sub-cortex. These effects of hyperoxia disappeared gradually during 15 days after pretreatment.Conclusion: Although further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of time course of neuroprotection, HO partly is associated with expression of NCX1 consistent with an active role in the genesis of ischaemic neuroprotection.

Inroduction & Objective: Pike (Esox Lucius) is one of the important economical fish in Caspian Sea region which is living in areas such as wetlands and rivers in which covered with aquatic plants. The reproduction of this fish naturally occurs in freshwater ecosystems. The aim of this study was the investigation in ovarian development stages of pike broodstocks, which is the important indicator for fish reproduction biology and also there is little documents available about it. Histological pictures were employed for growth survey and evolution of gonads in pike.Materials and Methods: In order to histology and determination of sexual maturation stages, 50 ovaries were studied. Fixed Samples were studied by light microscope.Results: The sexual maturation stages showed that ovaries of pikes were in stages II (spring and summer), III (summer and autumn), IV and V (winter). Also, the highest value of absolute fecundity determined as much as 13609.347 in autumn and the highest value of Gonadosomatic index determined as much as 4.063 at the first half of winter.Conclusion: The results showed that pike is spawning at once.

Inroduction & Objective: Morpholine is a substance with various applications in industry and agriculture which toxic effects can be absorbed into the body by ingestion, by inhalation and through skin. The present study aimed to study of morpholineand physiological saline effect on blood parameters and spleen tissue of6- week-old nmri albino male mice.Materials and Methods: 40 adult male mice were placed in 4 experimental groups including control group, physiological saline (sham) group, treatment group A, fed with 300 mg/kg per day for 15 days, 1 ml of the prepared solution (0.009 ml morpholine+0.91 ml of distilled water) and group B, treated using the same method with the same volume of morpholine and physiological saline in the same period of time. After weighing, anesthesia and blood sampling, the number of red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin were respectively measured using Neubauer slide, hematocrit capillary tube, and Sally method applying a plasma density refractometer. Microscopic and structural studies were conducted on prepared slides of spleen and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS19 software.Results: Increased number of red blood cells (%6.7), hematocrit (%21), plasma density (%25), and hemoglobin (%10) and decreased thickness of splenic capsule wall and becoming more fibrous (%8.3), increased thickness of central arteriole wall of white pulp (%30), increased spleen weight (%6.14), and reduced body weight (%2.14) were observed in group A, compared to control group and sham group.Considering group B, all listed features (except thickness of splenic capsule wall and weight loss) decreased.The results indicated a significant difference between group A and B (p<0.05).Conclusion: The significance of this relationship indicated that morpholine increased blood parameters, caused parenchyma adhesion, led to inflammation and increased spleen weight and decreased body weight and that physiological saline decreased its adverse effects. Given destructive effects of morpholine and its usage in our daily life, industry should look for a suitable replacement in order to maintain human health.

Inroduction & Objective: Cadmium is an important environmental contaminant, and has various toxic effects on living beings. In this research, the effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Oliveria decumbens on the levels of Creatinin, BUN, Uric acidand kidney histological changes following toxicity induced by Cadmium Chloride in rat was investigated.Material and Methods: 48 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 8. These groups are as follow: the Control, left untreated; the Sham, just received distilled water, the experimental group 1, treated with 2mg/kg cadmium chloride; the experimental group 2 received 500 mg/kg oliveria extract, and experimental groups 3 and 4 initially received 2mg/kg cadmium chloride followed by 250 and 500 (mg/kg) extract respectively for 21 days. At the end of experiment, all groups weighed and blood samples were taken for measuring serum levels of creatinin, BUN and uric acid.after removing the kidneys, prepared tissue sections were studied by light microscopy. Results using statistical tests were one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey test.Results: Cadmium chloride caused significant decrease in body weight and significant increase in serum levels of creatinin, BUN, uric acid and damage was the kidney tissue in comparison with control and sham groups.Where as Oliveria decumbens extract cause significant increase in body weight and significant decrease in serum levels of creatinin, BUN, uric acid, and improve kidney damage in groups poisoned with cadmium chloride (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results showed that Oliveria decumbens probably a protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by cadmium chloride and the kidney parameters.

Inroduction & Objective: MS is an autoimmune disease and inflammation in the central nervous system.Kellussia odoratissma as a traditional medicinal plant has been used as anti-inflammation is some area of Iran. Vitamin B12 properties are regulators of the immune system. This study aimed to determine the effect anti-inflammatory of Kellussia and B12 on Lysosomal enzymes and tissue maker enzymes in Rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Material and Methods: 50female Rats (180-200gr) divided to 5 groups. EAEwas induced in 40 Rats. Kellussia odoratissma (300 mg/kg) and B12 were Intraperitoneal administered for 10 days to EAE animals. The anti-inflammatory activity was assassed by measuring clinical conditions, levels of lysosomal enzymes, tissue marker enzymes. Results were expressed as Mean ± S.D. and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, to determine significant differences between groups.Results: Treatment of EAE rats with Kellussia odoratissma extract and B12 led to significant decreased of clinical conditions, levels of lysosomal enzymes and tissue marker enzymes (p<0.05).Conclusion: Kellussia odoratissma extract and B12 can reduce marker of inflammation and have property anti-inflammation.

Inroduction & Objective: Cervical canceris the second most common cancerin women. High incidence of cervic cancer and the side effects of the treatments with synthetic chemical compounds demonstrated that hazards are immense. Considering the side effects, treatment with extracts of plants such as Aloevera have proved to be reducing thelevels of side effects and can bemuch cheaper alternative. So, anti cancer properties of the extracts of Aloevera against the Hela cells of humanwas evaluated in tissue culture, in this study.Material and Methods: After gatheringand confirmthe desiredplant species.Extractionwas performed bymaceration. The toxicity effects of different concentrations 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21 mg/ml of extract of Aloevera on the Hela cells of human, were evaluated using Trypan blue and MTT methods, on 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure to amediumcontaining1% serum and extract.Results: 20 mg/ml concentration ofAloe vera extract was toxical effects on Hela cells of human based on the results obtained, it was concluded that extracts of Aloe vera inhibit the proliferation of Hela cells of human.

Inroduction & Objective: Nucleus accumbens (NAC), prefrontal cortex (PFC) dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems are involved in regulating anxiety- like behaviors, whileNAc dopaminergic system activity is mediated by glutamatergic projections, via PFC.This study has investigated the involvement of NAc shell D1 dopaminergic and prelimbic glutamatergic systems on anxiety- like behaviors.Material and Methods: Elevated plus-maze apparatus was employed to test parameters of anxiety-like behaviors After 5 days surgery of male Wistar rats in a stereotaxic frame, Elevated plus-maze apparatus was employed for measuring parameters of anxiety-like behaviors due to intrabrain injection of drugsSKF38393 (dopamine D1 receptor agonist), SCH23390 (dopamine D1 receptor antagonist), NMDA (receptor antagonist), D-AP7 (NMDA receptor antagonist) onWistarmale rats.Results: Unilateral intra- prelimbic injection of NMDA (0.9 mg/ml), induced anxiolytic-like behaviors which has been blocked by D-AP7 (NMDA receptor antagonist, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml). Moreover, unilateral infusion of SKF38393 (dopamine D1 receptor agonist, 3 mg/ml) 0.25, 0.5 and 1mg/ml) into the left NAc shell induced anxiolytic-like behaviors which was blocked by SCH23390 (0.25mg/ml), while, SCH23390 (dopamine D1 receptor antagonistdid not so; Furthermore, intra-NAc shell administration of subthreshold dose of SKF38393 (1 mg/ml) potentiated the lower dose, whereas decreased the higher dose of intra-left prelimbic NMDA response. In addition, the subthreshold dose infusion of SCH23390 (0.25 mg/ml) into the left NAc shell, intra- prelimbic NMDA reduced induced anxiolytic-like behaviors.Conclusion: The results demonstrated a modulatory effect of NAC shell D1 dopaminergic system on anxiolyticlike response by injection in prelimbic NMDA.

Inroduction & Objective: Recently herbal plants were used extensively in various fields, especially in the control of bacterial infections. But the toxicity of probably side effects caused very concern in the use of these materials in various fields of medicine. The aim of this study was clarify some of these ambiguities and investigation the effect of injection of Eukalyptus globulus extracts on mouse biochemical and hematological parameters.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 25 adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups.Group 1 was sham. Control group 2 and group 3 to 5 experimental groups were treated respectively with aquatic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts of Eukalyptus globulus extracts. Mice treated for 10 days. On the eleventh day the rats were killed by diethyl ether anesthesia. Blood samples were taken from the heart. Then the biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated.Results: The results showed no significant changes in biochemical factors. Blood parameters includes: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and hematocrit percent don’t show any variation. Platelet levels increased significantly in the experimental mice.Conclusion: Intraperitoneal injection of Eukalyptus globulus extracts in mice does not affect biochemicaland hematological factors.