JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2016 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 (35) |Papers Count:11

Inroduction & Objective: Organic acids product such as Apple cider vinegar usually alter or reduce bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract and decrease pH in the intestinal tract, thus inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria the host animal. The objectives of this study, was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of Apple cider vinegar on total hemocyte count, histology of the hepatopancreas and intestinal microbiota of the Litopenaeus vannamei. Materials and Methods: In this study two hundred twenty-five Litopenaeus vannamei with an average initial weight of 10. 2 ± 0. 04 g, that they were fed diets supplemented with different levels of a Apple cider vingar after 60 days. Treatments included levels of 0, 2% and 4% Apple cider vinegar diets. Shrimp were randomly sampled at the end of the experiment. The hemolymph was withdrawn from abdominal segments of samples for measuring total hemocyte count. The number of the B-cells and R-cells, as well as tubule diameter were quantified for histological examination. Also, the gut microbial fora count (log CFU g-¹ ) was determined using nutrient agar medium plus salt. Results: The results indicated that, shrimp fed Apple cider vinegar diets had significantly higher total hemocyte count (p < 0. 05). In addition, no significant differences in blister cells and area of hepatopancreas tubules were observed among treatments (p > 0. 05), whereas the number of the resorptive cells significantly decreased in shrimp fed a diet containing Apple cider vinegar and a dramatic decrease was observed in 2% Apple cider vinegar treatment (p < 0. 05). Total viable bacterial counts in the intestine of shrimp fed Apple cider vinegar diets were significantly lower compared to control group (p < 0. 05). Conclusion: This study was the first reported data on the use of dietary Apple cider vinegar in aquatic animal. These findings indicate that the Apple cider vinegar was introducing suitable organic acid alternative and also it has the greatest potential for use as a diet supplement for L. vannamei.

Inroduction & Objective: Pimozide is an antipsychotic with neuroleptic properties that has been found to be useful in the management of chronic schizophrenic patients، mania and hypomania. This drug blocks dopamine receptors. In this research the effect of pimozide were studied on pituitary gonad axis function، the concentration of testosterone، FSH and LH level and testis histological changes. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on 50 male rats wistar strain that divided to 5 groups of 10 animal، including: Control، sham (received normal saline as a solvent) and three pimozide (1، 2، 4 mg/ kg) received the experimental groups. The drug were administered for 30 days orally and blood samples were taken from the rats and serum concentrations of testosterone، FSH and LH were measured by RIA method. Histological changes were studied among experimental، control and sham groups. The results were evaluated by using SPSS software and ANOVA tests. Results: The results showed that 4 mg/ kg dose of pimozide reduced testosterone. The level of FSH and LH were increased (P Conclusion So in general we can say that high doses of pimozide decreases the concentration of testosterone level and the number of spermatogenic cells exception sertoli.

Inroduction & Objective: Nitrogenous compounds can be toxic to aquatic animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of ammonia and nitrite and behavioral changes to common carp fingerlings in exposed tothe two materials. Method sand material Four hundred fingerlings with average weight of 40. 51 ± 5. 8 g were randomly selected and were then exposed toammonia and nitrite in 6 treatments (100، 110، 120، 130، 140، 160 mg/l ammonia and 450، 500، 530، 550، 560، 600 mg/l nitrite). Mortalityand behavioral changes were observed during 96 h، Finally LC50– 96 h of ammonia and nitrite for these 6 treatments were estimated. Resul tsLC50– 96 h for ammonia and nitrite was estimated at 102. 45 and 512. 46 mg/l respectively. The maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) of ammonia and nitrite were determined 10/24 and 51/24 mg/L respectively، in the common carp fry. Conclusion The results for the LC50 in 96 h showed that with increasing concentrations of ammonia and nitrite، the mortality increased. However in comparison with other investigations that have been done in lower water hardness and salinities، the LC50 was higher. Therefore it may be concluded that ammonia and nitrite toxicity in Khuzestan condition may have lower risk of happening

Inroduction & Objective: Currently، the presence of a wide range of bioactive compounds have been reported from the marine organisms worldwide. This study، for the first time، was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of water extraction of new species of jelly fish collected from Nayband Bay in Bushehr province. Material and Methods: In this study the jelly fish samples (Cassiopea andromeda) were collected from the Nayband Bay in Bushehr province. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the jelly fish extract were determined against five human pathogens. All the data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: Our results showed that the jelly fish extract has both MIC and MBC effects against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriaThis relation was statistically significant. Conclusion: According to our results jelly fish can be an appropriate marine source for antimicrobial components. Further in vivo investigations need to be carried out on its potential application in other aspects of medicine.

Inroduction & Objective: The effect of ethanol extraction of Aloe vera on certain biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles was studied. Material and Methods: Mice were received titanium dioxide nanoparticles with density of 100 milligrams per kg and ethanol extraction of aloe vera plant with density of 100، 200 and 300 milligrams per kg for 30 days. Plasma levels ofmalondialdehyde، rich sialic acid، troponin I and creatine kinase MB at the end of treatment was evaluated. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extraction in Aloe Vera using free radical DPPH and total phenol levels were considered. Results: The results showed that giving titanium dioxide nanoparticles through the stimulation of oxidative activity had a significant increase in plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). Plasma levels of troponin I، creatine kinase MB and rich sialic acid also significantly increased. With increasing density of aloe vera، the total phenol and antioxidant activity of ethanol extraction increased. Giving the extraction significantly reduced the plasma levels of biomarkers of cardiovascular damage in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Conclusion: According to the results، ethanol extraction of aloe vera as an antioxidant compound is able to reduce the levels of cardiovascular damage in mice treated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

Inroduction & Objective: Mechanisms that regulate appetite are different among animals. Also، nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) has key role on appetite regulation. Endocannabinoids have crucial role on central food intake regulation in birds but its role has not been studied in layer-type chicken fed ad libitumThus، in this study 3 experiments designed to evaluate effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of 2-AG (2-Arachidonoylglycerol، selective CB1 receptors agonist)، SR141716A (selective CB1 receptors antagonist)، on feeding behavior in neonatal layer-type chickens fedad libitum Material and Methods: In experiment 1، birds ICV injected with control solution and 2-AG (0. 25، 0. 5 and 1 μ g). In experiment 2: control solution، SR141716A (6. 25، 12. 5 and 25 μ g) were ICV injected to birds. In experiment 3 animals received: control solution، SR141716A (6. 25 μ g)، 2-AG (1 μ g) and co-injection of SR141716A+2-AG. Then، cumulative food intake was recorded until 120 min after injection. Results: According to the results، 2-AG dose dependently increased cumulative food intake while SR141716A reduced appetite compared to control group (P Conclusion: These results suggest CB1 receptors have an important role on ingestive behavior in neonatal layer-type chicken fedad libitum and nutritional status (food deprived or satisfied) had no effect on food intake induced by CB1 receptors in chicken.

Inroduction & Objective: Although chemotherapy isa current treatment strategy for leukemia، it is usually accompanied with development of drug resistance and severe side effects. One of the possible therapeutic approaches is reducing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) in malignant cells (as anti-oxidant therapy) to inhibitproliferation of cancer cellsLOLithospermumofficinaleas an Iranian medicinal plant، has been reported as a rich source of anti-oxidantsHere، we studied anti-oxidative and anti-leukemic effects of methanol extract of this plant NB4 cell line. Material and Method: NB4 cell line was cultured and treated with different concentrations of LO extract with methanol (25-100µ g/ml) in various time intervals (12-48 hours). Trypan blue exclusion test was used to evaluate growth inhibitory and viability effects of the extract on NB4 cells. Fluorescent microscopy and DNA fragmentation assay were used to study apoptosis. Results: The results showed that LOcaused growth inhibition but not apoptosis in a time-and dose-dependent manner in NB4 cells. The methanol extract of the plant could inhibit oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide in NB4 cells Conclusions: Attain to anti-oxidant properties of LO، suggesting that anti-leukemic effects of the plant may mediate inhibiting ROS generationso this plant may be proposed as chemo-preventive candidate for further evaluation in cancer therapeutic approaches.

Inroduction & Objective: Bivalvia are one of the least studied orders in the Persian Gulf. A survey and molecular analysis was conducted to determine bivalvia species diversity in the Persian Gulf. Phylogenetic relationships among all described species of the bivalvia، were examined with nucleotide sequence data from portions of mitochondrial gene 16srRNA We provide 16s barcode sequences of commertial bivalvia of Persian Gulf، Iran. Industrial activities، ecologic consideration، and goals of the bivalvia mollecular Identification campaign make it crucial that species of the south costal be identified. The reconstruction of evolut phylogeny of these species are crucial for revealing stock identity that can be used for the management of fisheries industries in Iran. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of the bivalvia species. Material and Methods: : For the purpose، DNA was extracted using Isoamyl alcohl phenol chloroform method. The evolutionary relationships among 16 species of the bivalvia were examined using 550 bp of mitochondrial DNA from the 16s rRNA gene. Results: Finally the cladograms were compared and the resulted phylogenetic trees confirmed that the Iran ′ s species origin is Indo west pacific species. some of Iran′ s species، which were grouped with the other bivalvia taxa seem to always form a sister clade with Indo-west pacific species with strong bootstrap. Conclusion: The result completely agrees with the previously defined species using morphological characters. However، we still lack any comprehensive and clear understanding of phylogenetic relationship in this group.