JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES)
Year:2010 | Volume:3 | Issue:3 (10)|Papers Count:13

There are few embryological reports on wild legumes and even fewer on their seminal appendages. There are no existing studies on the complete ontogeny of these appendages in Onobrychis viciaefolia. In this work megasporogenesis, megagametogenesisand aril ontogeny were studied in Onobrychis viciaefolia.The ovule ontogenesis and the megasporogenesis events in Onobrychis viciaefolia. were studied with light microscopy. The primordium is tetra-zonate and gives rise to an anatropous ovule. The archesporium may consist of one or more archesporial cells, but only one of them undergoes meiosis, forming a linear shaped tetrad. Normally, only a single megaspore is functional, which is located in the chalazal position, while the others degenerate very soon. Theyoung ovule is hemianatropous but the mature one is anatropous, crassinucellar, and bitegmic; integuments form a zigzagmicropyle. A 7-celled embryo-sac is formed corresponding to thePolygonum type.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Compositae species diversity in central part of Saveh region. It is located in North of Saveh with the altitude of more 160o m.a.s.l. and between the longitude of 50o, 1’, 30’’ and latitude of 35o, 1’, 20’’. The total area is 1500 ha. The results of field investigation were collection and identification of 60 plant species belonging to 36 genera of Compositae family. Centurea, Lactuca and Tragopogon were the most abundant plant genera of the area.In this region, we were finding some new plants of Copositae family that can become new species or subspecies. A morphological comparison between these new records and related species is presented.Location of distribution of Compositae species are described. The distribution of some species in this region is a newly found locality for these species of compositae in Iran.

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) of Escherichia coli is one of the most widely used enzymes at industrial scale. It is used to hydrolyse penicillin G to 6-aminopenicillanic acid, an essential intermediate in the production of semisynthetic penicillins. Due to high industrial importance of PGA, numerous efforts have been made towards screening for strains overproducing this enzyme. The objective of this study was to screen clinical samples for isolation and identification of E. coli strains producing PGA enzyme.The E. coli bacteria isolated from clinical samples were screened for PGA activity using the bioassay method. This method is based on the use of Serratia marcescens which is sensitive to 6-APA but comparatively resistant to benzylpenicillin. After primary screening, the PGA production in positive isolates was verified by biochemical assay.Finally, the effects of incubation time, temperature, PAA concentration and media PH on PGA synthesis were studied and the optimum conditions for process were determined. The PDAB colorimetric method was used for quantitative PGA activity assay.Among 121 E. coli isolates were studied, only 3 isolates showed the PGA activity but one of them had higher activity. For the selected strain, the optimal condition for enzyme production was obtained in 0.1٪ PAA, media PH of 7-8, incubation time of 48h and incubation temperature of 32oC.The results of this study showed that biological screening method is a rapid and efficient method for identification of PGA producing bacteria.

Date syrup is a highly nutritious food product, that quality decrees during act of bacterial and fungus microorganisms. Chitosan is a natural antimicrobial, non-toxicity absolutely from biodegradability with high molecular weight, and poor solubility at natural pH values cause increases viscosity aqueous solutions that limit its potential uses in the fields of food, health and agriculture, some of these limitations are overcome by Chitosan oligosaccharides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the polymer such as Cellulase. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) is a systematic preventive approach to food safety and pharmaceutical safety that addresses physical, Chemical, and biological hazards. The effects of chitosan and oligosaccharides obtained in 2 and 6 gr/ml concentration against of food spoilage microorganism in date syrup were investigated with using method of Institute of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran.This study showed significant decreasing whit increasing of Chitosan concentration and number of total cunt colonies ‘ agent of spoilage Date syrup (p<0.05) but when we used oligosaccharides of Chitosan obtained effect of Cellulase in 2 and 6 gr/ml concentration showed significant differences the number of total cunt in treatment and control. Chitosan in most of this study had antimicrobial effect on Aspergillus, Mucor, Bacillus licheniformis but enzyme Cellulase cased broken biopolymer of chitosan to oligosaccharides ’and decrease the molecular weight of Chitosan since the antimicrobial effect of Chitosan were decrease. Cellolase enzyme broke the cellules in fiber and Date palm fruit to the monomers that increasing the total sugar.

Introduction and objectives: The high quality and saniety of ingredients as well as what we use daily are very important. The necessity of analysis the polytetrafluoroethylene composition, lead us to start this research. The present study, therefore, aims to evaluate mutagenicity and carcinogenicity effect of the compositions.Material and Methods: The method is based on Ames test applying Salmonella typhimurium strains TA100, TA98 which received directly from Professor Ames. In the first stage, these strains for property purity of mutation were confirmed. Then, polytetrafluoroethylene compositions have been added separately to minimal agar medium contain fresh overnight culture (TA100, TA98) and compared to positive control (index of mutagen sodium azide and bacteria) and negative control (index of distilled water and bacteria). In the following stage rat liver tissues microsmes produced under sterile condition had been added separately to minimal agar medium with polytetrafluoroethylene compositions and it was measured reverse colonies number in negative and positive control and sample with Teflon composition at the present rat liver microsome.Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that wigan material used in fixed Teflon in mutation test, have a significant differences between tested strains (p<0/05). his sample in 0/1 dilution showed the most mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Thus, this results showed wigan material with %99 significant in 0/1 dilution have possessing mutation. Nowadays, importance of liver enzymes illustrated in carcinogen metabolism and cytocrome P450 is agent of it. This enzyme is important catalit in activation of material carcinogen. Finally, Teflon derived material have possessing carcinogenic Conclusion: This critical case makes us have more care and control on the mechanism of polytetrafluoroethylene compositions production and use.

Sea fig (Carpobrotus chilensis) from Aizoaceae family form a dense carpet and make an effective ground cover and grows in sites directly exposed to salt spray and storm waves. This plant with succulent leaves and large beauty purple flowers is used in maritime areas to prevent soil erosion in sandy and salinity soils. The purpose of this study was to assess morphological and physiological responses of Carpobrotus chilensis to water salinity. For first time in the world, we studied salt tolerance and storage capacity of sea fig (Carpobrotus chilensis) in liquid culture. In this research, shoots of sea fig are cultured in basal MS medium accompanies 0-28 gram/liter salt (NaCl). After 60 days, results of salt effects were studied on morphology and biochemistry of sea fig were included root formation, shoot growth, water content, dry weight, mineral and organic materials, sodium and chlorophyll content, and total protein. Salt tolerance, root formation and shoot growth of sea fig have continued to 28 g/l of salt.The salt increasing was root formation stamilunce. Salt storage capacity was increasing with salt creasing but it was balance with another minerals matter.All different materials content of sea fig are changing with salt changes but in higher salt concentrations depended to sea fig salt tolerance mechanisms.

In the present research, we studied the effects of salicylic acid (SA) in canola plants undergoing oxidative stress caused by nickel (Ni). 21-day-old canola plants were exposed to variable concentrations of NiCl2.6H2O (0, 0.5, 1 mM) and SA (0, 0.2 mM).Ni was more accumulated in roots than in shoots. Interestingly, root-to-shoot translocation of Ni decreased by SA. In the absence of SA, excess Ni decreased dry weight of roots and shoots and reduced chlorophyll content in leaves, while SA moderated these effects. In Ni-treated plants, level of lipoxygenase activity and the contents of malondialdehyde and H2O2 increased, as well as changes in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, in leaves indicated that Ni caused an oxidative stress in canola plants. Addition of SA together with Ni ions, markedly modified LOX activity and reduced MDA and H2O2 content. Also, SA significantly increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in leaves of Ni-stressed plants. Consequently, salicylic acid by sequestration of Ni in roots and with increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes reduces Ni induced oxidative damage in a certain extent.

In this study, effects of the different concentrations of Iron (0, 144, 244 (control), 444, 644 gl-1) and phosphate (0, 0.015, 0.025, 0.075, 0.1 gl-1) on the vitamin E production in Dunaliella tertiolectain 45 days period examined. The results showed that in compare with control in 644 gl-1 Iron treatment vitamin E increased and in 0 gl-1 significantly decreased. As well as, in 0.1 gl-1 phosphate vitamin E content increased and in 0 gl-1 Pi decreased.

Rocket (Eruca sativa L.) is a member of the Brassicaceae family and is a minor crop worldwide. This plant is well known for high tolerance of saline soil and biodiversity in its shapes and functions but there aren’t about salt tolerance and shape diversity relation.In this investigation for finding this relation, 2000 seeds of rocket were cultured in soil (10 m²). The shape diversity are studied in growth periods. The study characters were including leaf, fruit shape, flower color, seed size, fuzz present and others. The seeds of different shape plants were cultured in different saline concentrations and seed germination, seedling growth, lipid, protein and amino acid content was studied by salty increasing. The results showed that shape diversity is effective on rocket salt tolerance of seed germination and seedling growth. The total lipids, proteins and amino acids content of seedlings change by shape diversity in different saline concentrations.These dates showed that the plants with branch leave, fuzzy stem, light lines flower, short and fuzzy fruit, and large seed were better for salt tolerance.

Producion of efficient antimicrobial drugs against to common human pathogens is one of the most important challenges in the field of medical microbiology. Continuous screening of clinical isolates and survey of antimicrobial resistance pattern is critical.Today, disk diffusion and dilution methods are known as the common antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Disk diffusion method does not render dependable results in determination of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern because this method is semi quantitative. MIC determination by microdilution and macrodilution techniques and recent method “E-Test”, have given interpretable results to researchers. Microdilution and macrodilution methods are also time consuming, expensive and error- prone methods. Whereas E-Test method is one of the means by which we will be able to determine susceptibility pattern of known species in low cost and short time. In this survey, constructing and printing of E-Test, coating of antibiotic on O.H.P film and quality control of constructed E-Tests were performed according to M7 A7 CLSI Standard. In this study quality of required materials for E-Test Production were suitable. Evaluation of constructed strips was performed using standard strain of staphylococcus aureus and reproducibly of results was appreciated.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is a herbaceous plant belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is a medicinal plant (Its leaf, root, stem and seed have different medicinal effects) with beneficial effect on diabete mellitus. In this research callogenesis rate of explants from different plant tissues including apical meristem of root and shoot and leaf in MS culture media containing 0, 1, 0.5 and 1.5 mg/L 2, 4-D was investigated. Results showed that maximum callogenesis rate was in MS medium containing 1 mg/L 2, 4-D.The results of present study has also shown that continuous dark period has more promotive effect for callus induction and proliferation as compared to continuous and interrupted light.

Lichens, including a mycobiont and one or more photobionts, are symbiotic organisms. Chemical and micro chemical analysis of secondary metabolites of lichens has an effective role in supporting their taxonomic results. During the taxonomic investigation of the lichens from Kalate Albalou (north of the central part of Kashmar), Razavi Khorasan province, in addition to morphological, anatomical investigation and doing chemical tests, microcrystal method by using two different reagents, GAW and GE were done on six species.13 chemical compounds belong to six general groups of secondary metabolites were identified.