JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Year:2019 | Volume:11 | Issue:3 |Papers Count:8

Due to importance of bats in ecosystem and the limited information about reproduction of this useful organism, the spermatogenesis of the Egyptian Fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) was studied stereologically in three seasons, spring to autumn, as the first record. For this purpose, 7 male bats were captured by mistnet in Sangtā rashan Cave (Fars-Jahrom ), and transferred to the laboratory at the end of every season. After anesthetization and dissection of bats, their testicles were removed, measured and fixed. The sections (5μ m) were prepared from fixed samples and stained. The volume of studied parameters was determined by using Cavallier method, and seminiferous diameters and testicular cells number were measured with stereo Lite software. Obtained data were analyzed by Kruskal– Wallis, and compared by Friedman test. According to obtained results, the testicles were in the scrotum out of the body with significant difference of weight and volume in the left and right testis. The maximum weight (0. 7650± 0. 19g) and volume (862± 0. 41 mm3) in spring. The germ cells and many sperm were observed in the lumens in all seasons. The diameter of seminiferous tubule with significant difference (P<0. 05) between spring (235/90± 1. 06 μ m) and autumn (227. 82± 1. 29 μ m) were observed. Maximum mean of number of spermatocyt (294. 6×106), sertoli (11. 59×106) and lydig (39. 30×106) were estimated in spring and the lowest of them in autumn, but the maximum number of spermatid (284. 2 ×106) were in autumn. According to these results, the peak of sexual activity of this bat species is in spring and summer.

Colorectal cancer is the fourth reason of mortality caused by cancer and it is one of the most common cancers of digestive system all over the world. Due to poor awareness with regard to the disease and also its high prevalence, early diagnosis of it is of paramount importance. A wide variety of studies has shown that the signaling pathway of fibroblast growth factor is among the effective pathways in growth and metastasis of tumor cells. Accordingly, this study is aimed at measuring the level of FGF12 gene transcript in tumor margin and tumor tissue of the patients with colorectal cancer. The total RNA was extracted from 30 tumor tissues and 30 healthy tissues in the patients with colorectal cancer and then cDNA was synthesized. The specific primers were designed for FGF12 gene as well as beta-actin and eventually, the mRNA level of the genes under study was measured through RT-PCR method and data analysis was done using REST and SPSS software. The results of this study showed that there has been an increase in FGF12 gene transcript in tumor tissue compared to the healthy tissue; but, the increase was not significant. In the analysis of the other factors, there was a significant difference in FGF12 gene transcript in the patients being at the stages 3 and 4 (High Stage) compared to the ones at the stages 1, 1 and 2 (Low Stage) (p=0. 043); while, there was no significant difference between the rate of the FGF12 gene transcript and the other clinical factors. Based on the increase in FGF12 gene transcript in the patients being at the stages 3 and 4 of colorectal cancer compared to the ones at the stages 0, 1, and 2, it can be stated that this gene plays a role in tumor creation of colorectal cancer.

Propolis is a substance similar to wax which is produced by bees and is rich in antioxidants. Considering the significant increase in infertility due to oxidative stress in recent decades, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract of propolis on oogenesis of NMRI mice in vivo. In this study, 30 adult NMRI mice with an approximate weight of 25 grams were used. The mice were divided in five groups. Control group without receiving any substance during one month, Sham group receiving 1 cc distilled water for one month, and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received extract of propolis in the amount of 0. 75, 0. 57 and 0. 18 mg / ml respectively. After the end of the treatment period, the uterus and ovaries were removed and examined. The results were analyzed by SPSS software using ANOVA and Tukey tests, taking into account the level of significance (p <0. 05). The studies showed that the extract of propolis caused increase in ovarian follicles and, in addition, arteries. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that propolis increases ovarian follicles due to high levels of antioxidant.

Myocardial Infarction is known as one of the most common disabling and threatening heart diseases resulted from irrevocable and degenerative cellular death in a part of heart muscle. After the discovery of miRNA in 1990 and the discovery of more than 2500 types of miRNA, gradually the importance of these mechanism regulators and molecular signals and gene routes were identified in the processes and the cellular mechanisms, specifically in cardiovascular system. The goal of this research is Studying MiR-133 influencing the process of apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes floating in blood serum of patients suffering from acute Myocardial Infarction To achieve our goals in this case-observation study type regarding miR-133, 70 patients in Shahid Madani Hospital in Tabriz in the year 2017 were investigated by Real time PCR and the data were compared with those of the healthy persons. The statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS (version19) and a t-test method. The amounts for P>0. 05 were considered meaningful. The expression levels of miR-133 among patients suffering from MI have had a considerable increase compared with control group and it was meaningful statistically. (P=0. 009). Also the results showed that miR-133expression among fat and normal people did not have a meaningful difference statistically (P=0. 06). The present study showed that the expression of miR-133among individuals suffering from MI has been greater than healthy people and it can be utilized as an identification factor and also prognosis of the patients suffering from MI.

In aquatic ecosystems, aquatic plants are good biochemical indicators for monitoring heavy metals because they are stagnant in water and can determine contamination levels. This research was conducted in 2018 to investigate heavy metals of cadmium, nickel and vanadium in aquatic plants of straw (Phragmites australis) and Louisiana (Typha latifolia) of Horralzim wetland in Khuzestan province. Sampling was performed from three stations. In order to measure heavy elements was used to measure the induction plasma (ICP). The highest of cadmium in root of Phragmites australis was 1. 486± 0. 020 mg Kg-1 and lowest concentration of this metal in stem of Typha latifolia was 0. 036± 0. 001 mg Kg-1 (P<0. 05). The highest of nickel in root of Typha latifolia was 4. 770± 0. 045 mg Kg-1 and lowest concentration of nickel in stem of Phragmites australis was 0. 843± 0. 072 mg Kg-1 (P<0. 05). The highest of vanadium in root of Typha latifolia was 16. 553± 0. 128 mg Kg-1 and lowest concentration of vanadium in stem of Phragmites australis was 3. 136± 0. 015 mg Kg-1 (P<0. 05). The concentrations of cadmium, nickel and vanadium were obtained in the root of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia above the leaves and stems (P<0. 05). Cadmium in the roots, stems and leaves of the Phragmites australis was higher than the Typha latifolia, but the amount of nickel and vanadium in the roots, stems and leaves of Typha latifolia were higher than Phragmites australis (P<0. 05). Cadmium is found in aquatic plants hyper accumulate and nickel and vanadium accumulate. The TF of cadmium, nickel and vanadium elements in the shoot of Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia were higher than the leaves. The leaves of the Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia do not contain cadmium, vanadium and nickel, but the stems of these two aquatic plants carry of TF cadmium and vanadium. In the case of nickel metal, the stems of the Phragmites australis also carry the metal.

TOX3 gene plays an important role in the risk of breast cancer in females. Polymorphisms were identified in this gene, that can associated with breast cancer. The aim of this study was relation between breast cancer and rs3803662 polymorphism of TOX3 gene in Iranian females by Tetra Arms PCR. Blood samples were collected from 50 normal groups and 50 Breast cancer Patients. Then was extracted DNA from samples. Genotype frequency of this polymorphism in TOX3 gene were determined by using Tetra Arms PCR. Genotyp frequency for TT, TC and CC in normal groups was 10%, 88% and 2%, and For patient groups was 6%, 50% and 44%, respectively. Frequency of CC recessive homozygous genotype of rs3803662 polymorphism in TOX3 gene between normal groups and breast cancer patients was statistical significant difference (P < 0. 05). This research for first time was studied relation between the risk of breast cancer and presence of rs3803662 polymorphism in TOX3 gene in Iranian females. The results of this study was showed that presence of rs3803662 polymorphism in TOX3 gene, as genetic marker, can associated with breast cancer in Iranian female.

In order to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae on some physiological characteristics of maize (SC704) under water deficit condition, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete design with three replications was conducted at the physiology laboratory of Islamic Azad University Branch Ardabili, during 2015. Studied factors were: water potential in four levels (Zero,-4,-8 and-12 MPa) and Seed pre-treatment with mycorrhizal fungus in four levels (no inoculation, Seed pretreatment with Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizoglomus fasciculatum and Claroideoglomu etanicatum. The results showed that increasing water stress decreased chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, relative water content and increased soluble carbohydrates and proline compounds followed, The seeds were inoculated with rhizoglomus fasciculatum of increasing traits in comparison with non-inoculated, respectively. The results of the comparison of mean interactions of drought stress and mycorrhiza showed that The highest content of chlorophyll a (85. 23 mg/g fresh weight), total chlorophyll (35. 33 mg/g fresh weight) and leaf water content (45. 8%) related to stress-free treatment and inoculated plants with rhizoglomus fasciculatum. In general, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased the tolerance to water deficit stress through its effect on some physiological characteristics of corn.