Medical Ethics
Year:2013 | Volume:7 | Issue:24|Papers Count:8

Introduction: The health care providers, patients and their relatives often face to the conditions and unpleasant circumstances such as bad news. Our purpose of this study was to explore the nurses' experiences of breaking bad news to the patients and their relatives.Method: In this qualitative research, semi-structured interviews conducted with 30 nurses. The sampling method was purposeful and with maximum variation. All of the participants answered at least to one open-ended question "have you ever told a bad news to your patients or their relatives? If so, explain your experiences" The probing questions used to make deeper interviews. All of the interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using "conventional content analysis" method. The oral informed consent was obtained for the participation in the study and voice recording.Results: our analysis showed that "avoiding and delegating to the physician, seeking help from distant relatives, providing a context, minimizing the importance of situation" are main themes for the nurse’s experiences with breaking bad news. The participants believed that giving diagnostic bad news is not their responsibility, hence, tried to delegate giving bad news to the physicians. One of the most common strategies for giving bad news was "give hope to the patients and their attendants" Conclusion: The nurses used the uncertain procedures to give bad news to the patients and their relatives, because as their idea, physicians are responsible. So, since there was no protocol or guideline for breaking bad news to apply in practice, the participants used their own personal and cultural based styles. With consideration of social and cultural differences among the patients, and high frequency of this working experience for the nurses, learning the ethical ways of giving bad news seems very essential.

Nurses are confronted with practice dilemmas that evoke distress.Moral distress understood as a functional concern. Work engagement is an approach to gaining better understanding of nurses' work experiences. The purpose of this study identifies relation between moral distress and work engagement in nurses.This study designed with Cross-sectional correlation method. Data were collected using the moral distress scale and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The instruments were distributed 184 nurses who work in Sirjan's hospitals. The findings indicate that nurses experienced average intensity moral distress and there is significant positive correlation between intensity moral distresses with frequency moral distress. Also show the significant positive correlation between moral distress and work engagement (p=0.011, R=0.188). So we recommend nursing managers to plan strategies in order to increase nurses Work Engagement and experience less moral distress.

Introduction: Job satisfaction is a positive feeling and attitude to one's job. Occupational commitment is one's affective, normative, and continuance commitment to one’s profession. In other hand occupational commitment have psychological relation with individuals and his or her occupation that is based on the individual' s affective reaction to it Occupational commitment has been defined as one' s attitude, including affect, belief and behavioral intentions and acceptance of the values of his chosen work, and a willingness to keep membership in that occupation. Identification of relationship between nurse’s professional commitment and job satisfaction is important because it plays vital role on caring outcome and even one's personal life.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between professional commitment and job satisfaction in Qazvin’s Pubic Educational Hospital Nurses.Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study which used a structured, self-administered questionnaire. The Sample comprised 574 nurses from five pubic educational hospitals in Qazvin.219 participants did not complete the questionnaires. So the final sample size was 355 participants. Data was analyzed by T-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation in SPSS.Results: our Findings show that most of nurses (72/4%) have moderate level of job satisfaction. Also most of them (70/8) have professional commitment in moderate level. And there was a significant positive relationship between nurses professional commitment and job satisfaction (r=0.324, P<0.001).Conclusion: regarding to these fact that nurses' professional commitment and job satisfaction are two important factors in health organizational effectiveness and performance, it is necessary for managers to take strategies for improving nurses' professional commitment and enhance nurses’ job satisfaction.

Human cloning brings a new challenge in to a global and general recent century. Cloning in biology is defined as increasing of beings without sexual intercourse, in which transferred to womb after laboratory produces. First, researchers replace nucleus of an ovule with other somatic cell’s nucleus, then the reproducing ovule is controlled in laboratory until it divides and change to a fetus. If mentioned fetus spotted in womb and a human is made, cloning of human will happen.From point of view of Islamic Jurisprudence’s, human cloning is immoral and there are various reasons against it. So, they have declared human cloning immoral because of religious jurisprudence, moral, social, psychology and other reasons. They indicate human cloning as a mean for weakening the religious beliefs, interference in Allah create, aspiration of human, disturbance of family living and interruption in human filiation. So Catholic Christian and Muslims know cloning similar to immoral human.Although details of this matter and its future aren't clear for the world, people and individuals try to explain this modern phenomenon from different views. So this matter is faced to different reactions of religious consultants in country. In this study, we are going to assess the cloning, and its positive and negative results and its reactions of this in the religious and Islamic world. And end with some recommendation regarding to Iranian legislation.

Abortion is one of challenging issues in our modern world. Differences in the approaches by individualists and socialist have led to different positions in analyzing this issue.By using descriptive-analytic approach, this article tries to explain the opinions of Thomas Nagel, John Rawels and some of individualist feminists. And compare their idea with view point of Michael Sandel, MacIntyr and socialism feminism Individualists stress on individual rights and freedoms. In this opinion, women's right is recognized as an equal citizens or even prior than fetal life.They prefer women freedom to other political values. Socialism believe that without moral, ethical and religious consideration in the society, assessment of abortion is impossible.Some other socialist feminists agreed with sanction of abortion in the interests of women but because of their community-oriented idea, it is not compatible with feminism values, so they decided to refuge in individualism patterns and protecting the abortion offenders with emphasizing on individual rights and freedoms.

Recent scientific revolution, has led to significant changes in human societies. The new technologies that developed through animal laboratory testing are improving medicine. This evolution, is leading to the emergence of an ethical debate that has been a central issue in the laws: by which rule and why men, in order to alleviate their own suffering, cause animals to suffer? Regarding the importance of animal experiments in biocompatibility of dental biomaterials, this article will review the existing legislation on animal studies in France.Reaching to this objective, a review literature was carried out by using Google database and searching topics like "ethique", "biocompatibilite", "essais animal", "essais d’utilisatio", "lois françaises" and "biomateriau" through internet motor engine.Based on the result of this study, the first French law in animal protection was in 1850. But, until now more rigorous laws in Animal studies are necessary for evaluating biocompatibility of dental materials. But during the research, the researcher must provide the animal welfare and deal with them in ethical way.

Privacy of individuals and their rights is the most fundamental concept in human life. Managers and hospital administrators should apply new approaches to protect patient privacy and prevent the patient information disclosure.Management of health provides human health and maintenance of it, moreover it is responding to a consistent need of human rights and privacy of patient. It is an important issue which is depends on professional ethics. This structure leads to appropriate provision of human needs. Therefore, attention to professional codes of ethics applied in health system especially in managerial sector is necessary and suitable. Indeed, moral features should be growing in human behavior to enhance moral values.So, serve spiritual replacing to the vanity and selfishness. This article is a review from scientific text to find the concept of ethics; patient privacy and solitude and also consider the role of management in hospitals and health care.

The status of medical ethics education and methods of students assessing shows that ethics course in medicine curriculum as a two credit course give to the students in the specified period, and come to the end with a written assessment. While, the formal assessment should be used with the efficient ways such as knowledge assessment, attitudes and professional and ethical abilities in the whole period of seven years of medicine and after graduation and shouldn't limit to the sectional assessing of same course and shouldn't just be in the field of medical ethics theories. The goal of this study is achieving the formulation of comprehensive model for assessing medical ethics course. In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, all of the academic members of Tabriz medical university that involved in medical ethics discussions enrolled in this study in the form of census and targeted. Data were analyzed with using of descriptive statistics.79.1% of academic members totally agreed with revise of assessment of this course. They believe to use several tools to evaluate the ethical and professional behavior, As this assessment include all areas of learning and not limited to a certain period of training and it be continually assessed.