The Financial Accounting and Auditing Researches
Year:2020 | Volume:12 | Issue:45 |Papers Count:10

Corporate responsibility reporting is associated to economical, ethical, social and environmental aspects of corporate activities. Therefore, whether shareholders consider corporate responsibility reporting’ s information in stock valuation is important. In this study, using the hassel et al. modified ohlson model, we investigate the role of corporate responsibility reporting on firm valuation by investors. Level of corporate responsibility reporting is measured using a model developed by Hassas Yeganeh & Barzegar. Results from 44 firms listed in Tehran Securities Exchange (205 firm-year observation) suggest that firm value is positively correlated with degree of social responsibility disclosure. Moreover, results suggest that financial information and CSR combined explains market valuations better than only financial information.

In the present era, all organizations need knowledge in order to manage diverse human resources to reduce costs. So the use of knowledge management to solve problems, Reduction of costs, strategic planning and decision making in an organization is essential and inevitable. IRIB, as one of the most important organizations providing services to a significant portion of the population, needs knowledge management to facilitate systematic approach to the creation, reception, access and use of knowledge in this organization. The purpose of this paper is to prioritize effective factors in the development of knowledge management in IRIB Organization. Therefore, first by using a library study and interviewing experts of the media and knowledge management, factors affecting the knowledge management in the IRIB organization were identified. In the next step, the priority of the effectiveness of each of these factors was determined by using a hierarchical analysis in AHP software. Based on the results, top managerial support, organizational infrastructure, staff empowerment, organizational culture, organizational learning, information technology, team building, performance evaluation and common target-language are ranked first to ninth. Accordingly, at the end of this article, related suggestions are also provided to facilitate the process of maturing knowledge management in the reduction of costs of IRIB organization

A high quality internal information environment reduces information asymmetry, improves information coordination between different business units, and ultimately improves the efficiency of corporate tax planning. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of internal information quality on tax avoidance on companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The criteria used to measure the internal information environment are the accuracy of management forecasts and non-renewal of financial statements and the criterion for measuring tax avoidance is effective tax rate. Multiple linear regression models were used to test the research hypotheses. The results of a survey of 142 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and 977 observations of the company indicate that when measuring the quality of the internal information environment the "management forecast accuracy" criterion is used, the internal information environments with Higher quality has been associated with higher tax avoidance. In addition, when using the criterion of "non-submission of financial statements", there was no significant relationship between the quality of the internal information environment and tax avoidance. The findings showed that when measuring the quality of the internal information environment using the “ management prediction accuracy” criterion, higher-quality internal information environments had lower tax risk. Thereafter, no significant relationship was observed between the quality of the internal information environment and the tax risk when using the "non-submission of financial statements" criterion.

This is always probable by agency theory that managers of the corporation do not decide based on shareholders' profit, so they tried to prepare a base of opaque reporting and absolutely the crash of the price of stock in order to receive good news in the future. As opposed to that, institutional actionaries are being used by contexts of corporate govermance by emphasizing on them as controlling equips to contrast with opportunistic gravitation and coalesence of efficient contract, to emphasize on the role of institutional investors in guidance machanism of corporation and their potential ability in affecting on methods and politics which are being used by managers. As a result, it is necessary to study about the role of institutional investors in sudden crash of the stock price. Therefore, this research has checked the relation between institutional investors and crash of stock price by exploiting two hypotheses of efficient supervision and revenue convergence and also categorizing institutional investors into two groups of transient and dedicated institutional investors, it has also used the information of 152 accepted companies in Tehran stock market. Findings of the research show that there is a negative and meaningful relation between dedicated institutional investors and crash of stock price. So, there is no relationship between transient institutional investors and the crash of stock price; this matter is pointing to differentiation of transient and dedicated institutional investors and also emphasizing on dedicated institutional investors as efficient controlling equips on pillar of leading the organization and contrast with sudden crash of stock price.

The phenomenon of incom smoothing is a common subject at the frontier of accounting and finance knowledge. The incentive for companies to mitigate profits is to minimize the impact of taxes over time. In this study, using the information of 9 financial years in the capital market of Iran, and using financial information of 2070 years-companies, predicted tax taxation smoothing using the communication machine carriers. The results show that among the research variables, the marginal gross margin variables, earnings per share, return on sales, stock returns, conditional conservatism, the ratio of operating cash to assets, stock prices and earnings quality have a significant effect on taxable income smoothing, as well as In linear and non linear mode, the communication vector machine algorithm is capable of predicting the level of taxation of the taxable incomes of companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange with high power. Other research findings are that, to predict the taxation of taxable income, the nonlinear algorithm of rvm has a higher ability than the linear motion rvm.

Investment is one of the most important issues in society. Many investors decide to purchase of shares of investment companies due to lack of expertise in direct investment. So, it is very important to recognize, analyze and evaluate the performance of these companies. The purpose of the this paper is to investigate and categorize the activities of investment companies in Iran, to assess the more accurate way to evaluate the performance of these companies and to provide an approach for evaluating performance according to all the fields of activity of these companies. For this purpose, the information of investment companies of Tehran Stock Exchange was investigated. The activities were divided into three general categories of exchanged, non-exchanged and project investment, and the financial performance was measured by two criteria including ROA and Q Tobin’ s ratio. Finally information was examined by econometric techniques. The results of analysis using Q Tobin’ s ratio indicates that exchanged investments have the greatest impact on the firm's performance, which is because information is available to investors easily and allows them to evaluate and analyze them completely, while the other two fields of the activities, despite the importance, are less considered by investors because of insufficient information. The results of analysis using ROA showed that exchanged & project investments have important impacts on financial performance.

Considering the crucial role of future cash flows in stock valuation models, debt repayment power, etc., the prediction of future cash flows and their fluctuations, as a regular event, has long been considered by researchers, investors, managers, financial analysts, and creditors. Nowadays it is revealed that potentially investors can find some insights from accruals information about next period’ s economic factor and the transitory part of one component of next period’ s cash fl ow. Determining which accrual provides this information depends on whether that accrual aligns future or past cash fl ows and current period economics and whether it relates to the current or prior period. Thus each type of accrual has a different coeffi cient in forecasting cash fl ows. The goal of this research is to understand that partitioning accruals based on their role in cash fl ow alignment increases their ability to forecast cash fl ows using the Barth and et al-2016 model by providing empirical evidence. Companies from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange was selected as the statistical population of the study. Multivariate hybrid regression models were used to test the research hypothesis using the E-views software. Our base insight that partitioning accruals based on their role in cash-fl ow alignment increases their ability to forecast future cash fl ows was confirmed by the empirical evidence in some industries.

The individual Characteristics of managers such as optimism, abilityand CEO tenure can improve corporate financial performance, also can affected the behavior and the type of decisions makingin organization. Information transparency is affected by these behavioral Characteristics. The CEO tenure as a criterion is extent of decision making horizon of managers. In this research ability, tenure and optimism are used as individual Characteristics of managers. The sample of this study includes information on 100 companies accepted in Tehran stock exchange during 2013-2017. The results of data analysis indicated that the behavioral Characteristics did not have a significant effect on stock market inefficiency.

The aim of this study is to Measure the impact Use of past and future strategic cost management in the companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose Three hypotheses are developed and data on the 120 companies in Tehran Stock Exchange were analyzed. This regression model using panel data with fixed effects approach, reviews and tests. The results showed that the great historical sales growth (as historical information) significant positive influence on the asymmetry of costs but, volatility selling historical (as historical information) a significant negative impact on the asymmetry of costs. Consequently, when the sale is more volatility, it is expected that asymmetric response to reduced cost. In addition, the results showed that the ratio of market value to book value (as a future information) Non-significant influence on the asymmetric cost behavior on strategic management of cost.

The capital structure situation and financing decisions is one of the most important decisions of managers that affects firm performance. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of the capital structure optimality on the firm's real performance. Also, in order to investigate the effect of financing decisions on the firms's real performance, the earnings management by discretionary accruals is separated from the firm's returns to measure the direct effect of capital structure on the firm's performance. For this, data on 143 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange were extracted and a hybrid data regression model was used to test the research hypotheses. The results indicated that deviation from the optimal capital structure has a significant effect on actual returns. Also, the results show a negative and significant relationship between both Over-leverage and Under-leverage capital structure and real return and Increase in sub-optimality of capital structure; decrease the real return on assets and equity.