NANOMEDICINE RESEARCH JOURNAL
Year:2018 | Volume:3 | Issue:4|Papers Count:8

A usual method to build a nano-drug delivery system is incorporating the drug within the nano-carrier to high solubility, improved circulation time, and metabolic stability. However, recent studies indicate that the polymeric nanomaterials can be applied more than the inert carrier functions based on the biological response modifiers. Tri-block copolymers of Pluronic as one of these polymeric materials that they cause different functional alterations within cells. The key characteristic related to the biological activity of Pluronics is their ability to incorporate drug into membranes followed by subsequent translocation into the cells and then affecting the different cellular functions such as ATP synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, activity of drug efflux transporters, gene expression, apoptotic signal transduction and so on. As a result, Pluronics cause effective sensitization to the different anticancer agents based on the multidrug resistant (MDR) and resulting increase in the drug transport across the blood brain and intestinal barriers that it causes transcriptional activation of gene expression both in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, there is an increasing interest in the area of drug delivery systems by using polymers as carrier for small and large molecules. Particulate systems like polymeric nanoparticles and micelles have been applied as a physical method to improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profiles of the different drug molecules. It is widely that Pluronics are excellent polymer for nano-drug delivery vehicles by different routes of administration due to their wide compatibility with different drug candidates This review is aimed to highlight the Pluronics -based nanomicelles/nanoparticles that have been developed to date.

Based on the results of this study, it is possible to use cotton gauzes coated with bassorin nanofibers as a suitable candidate for the treatment of second-degree superficial burns.

In this study the influence of dicarboxy acetone (DCA), as an oxidation product of sodium citrate, was evaluated by ‘reversed Turkevich’ method. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized systematically at various sodium citrate to HAuCl4 molar ratio and temperature. The GNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS and TEM techniques. According to the results, GNPs were obtained in range of 12-51 nm by inverting the reagents addition order. All of GNPs samples were monodisperse and had the same pattern of narrow size distribution in contrast to traditional Turkevich method in which GNPs larger than 40 nm became unstable. Moreover, molar ratio of Sodium citrate to HAuCl4 and temperature had a significant role in size controlling and monodispersity of GNPs. By increasing sodium citrate to HAuCl4 molar ratio, the size of GNPs reduced drastically. Since, temperature had a central role on the production rate of DCA, its influence on monodispersity of GNPs was more considerable than their size.

Conclusion: it seems that time is an important factor in ameliorative MgO NPs and ZnO NPs effects on elements disruption induced by stress, but their exact interaction with stress systems containing ions level changes needs to more investigation.

The development and design of the biocompatible and biodegradable thermodynamically stable micellar and microemulsion transparent dispersions to reduce the free and unbounded drugs concentration in the blood is a basic challenge in field of drug efficacy and bioavailability of drugs. In the current work, solubilization capacity of the drug (Tocopherol), oil (Ethyl Butyrate), and oil+drug (1: 1 molar ratio) into F127 pluronic microemulsions was studied as a function of F127 concentration by using turbidity or transparency experiments. F127-based oil-in-water microemulsions with different compositions were synthesized and titrated with drug (Tocopherol), oil (Ethyl Butyrate), and oil+drug (1: 1 molar ratio), separately, to determine clear /turbid transition zone. It was observed that at certain concentration of Pluronic F127, microemulsion samples were gel-like. This specific concentration of F127 was different for three systems mentioned. It also observed that by increasing concentration of fatty acid of sodium caprylate (SC) in the system, solutions became transparent. By the current experiments, it was possible to determine the optimal binding ratio of F127 and/or sodium caprylate to ethyl butyrate oil, Tocopherol drug, and oil+drug (1: 1 molar ratio) in microemulsion. To study the bounding process of the fatty acid to the F127 within microemulsion, the microemulsion formulations were characterized by means of the dynamic surface tension and dynamic light scattering. According to this effort, we have concluded that there are approximately 1 molecule of oil for every 2 molecule of F127 (for system titration with oil), approximately 4 molecules of Tocopherol Drug for every 100 molecule of F127 (for system titration with drug), and approximately 4 molecule from the oil+drug (1: 1 molar ratio) for every 5 molecule of F127 (for system titration with oil+drug (1: 1 molar ratio) in the optimal microemulsion formulation. These results highlight the useful information about the mechanism of binding of the tocopherol, oil, and oil: drug mixture (1: 1 molar ratio) to the F127 microemulsion.

In this study, pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified using conductive polypyrrole (Ppy) and graphene (GF) nanocomposite for electrochemical determination of insulin. Electrochemical behavior of insulin on PGE was evaluated using differential pulse voltammetric (DPV), cyclic voltammetric (CV) and chronoaprometry (CA) methods. Several effective variables including pH, concentration, and scan rate for electrochemical modification of electrode were investigated and optimal conditions were proposed. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction and diffusion coefficient of the sensor was studied. The performed steps allow the measurement of insulin with a linear repeatability curve and appropriate accuracy at a range of 0. 225 to 1. 235 μ M. The limit of detection was obtained at 8. 65nMfor insulin. The amount of electron transfer coefficient between modified electrode and insulin was obtained to 0. 5 with 0. 84~1 number of electrons exchanged during oxidation of insulin. The proposed nano biosensor was chosen for insulin measurements in human blood serum analysis. . .

Objective: Morphine can cause harmful effects in the ovaries. But its effect on reproductive (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad) axis is not clearly known. Today, silver nanoparticles are widely used in healthcare products because of antimicrobial properties. These particles can pass the blood-brain barrier and change in the nitric oxide level. We studied the effect of pre-injection of Ag-NPs prior to morphine (intra-VMH) in order to investigate the protective effect on the rat’ s polycystic ovary induced of morphine. The effects were also compared with those observed in the morphine addicted animal. Materials and Methods: The rats (200-250 g) were housed under standard conditions and fed ad libitum. They were randomly divided into addicted to morphine (10-100 mg/kg, i. p., 7 days, twice daily) or receiving the drug (0. 001 to 0. 4 μ g/rat, once, intra-VMH) (AP:-1. 92), a week after stereotaxic surgery. Ag-NPs (0. 01, 0. 001 and 0. 0001 μ g/rat) were administered for once (intra-VMH) alone or prior to the morphine effective dose (0. 4 μ g/rat). Control group was given only saline. At the end, the animals’ ovaries and/or brain both histopathologically and by NADPH-diaphorase were examined. Results: All rats’ ovaries treated morphine showed polycystic features compared with the saline group (p<0. 05). The activation of the NO system in the ovaries was also evidenced by NADPH-diaphorase. However, with pre-injection of the Ag-NPs, (intra-VMH) to morphine, the number of cysts was reduced and the VMH neurons were protected. Conclusion: The Ag-NPs may inhibit the morphine-induced PCO by decreasing the level of NO in the ovary through protection of hypothalamic neurons.